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1、Translation of Scientific and Technical Literature II科技文献翻译Reference Booksn戴文进. 科技英语翻译理论与技巧M. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.n许建平. 英汉互译实践与技巧M. 北京：清华大学出版社，2003.Tensen1. The most frequently used tenses are:n (a) the simple present tense (b) the simple future tense (c) the present perfect tense (d) the simple past
2、tense n2. Different use of the tensenIn EST, the past tense may simply indicate time sequencepracticenWhen steam is condensed again to water, the same amount of heat is given out as was taken in when the steam was formed.n当蒸汽重新冷却为水时，所释放出的热量与其原来形成蒸汽时所吸收的热量相等。n钢制的工具箱放在仓库里。箱里除了一些标准工钢制的工具箱放在仓库里。箱里除了一些标准
3、工具以外，还有下列工具：一把具以外，还有下列工具：一把12英寸长的卷尺、英寸长的卷尺、铜线、一些铜线、一些10公分长的铁钉、两脚插头、保险丝公分长的铁钉、两脚插头、保险丝溶线和一个油壶。如发现工具丢失，请务必通知溶线和一个油壶。如发现工具丢失，请务必通知车间主任。车间主任。nThe box for the tools, which is made of steel, is kept in the room for stores. In addition to the standard tools, it should contain a ruler for measuring up to 12
4、 inches, some wire made of copper, some nails 10 centimeters long, a number of plugs with 2 pins, some wire for fuses and a can containing oil. If any tools are missing, the manager of the workshop should be told. nThe steel tool box is kept in the storeroom. In addition to the standard tools, it sh
5、ould contain a 12-inch ruler, some copper wire, some 10-centimeter nails, and a number of 2-pin plugs, some fuse wires and an oil can. If any tools are missing, the workshop manager should be notified. 科技文体的一般特征科技文体的一般特征n(1) 无人称（Impersonal)n(2) 语气正式 (Formal in Mode of Speech)n(3) 陈述客观、准确 (Objective
6、& Accurate in Statement)n(4) 语言规范 (Standard in Language)n(5) 文体质朴 (Unadorned in stylistics)n(6) 逻辑性强 (Strict in Logic)n(7) 专业术语性强 (Concentrated in Technical Terms)科技英语文体总貌科技英语文体总貌n着重叙事逻辑上的联贯(Coherence)n表达上的明晰(Clarity)与畅达(Fluency) n科技英语结构力求平易(Plainness)和精确(Preciseness) n避免行文晦涩，作者避免表露个人感情，避免论证上的主观随意性n
7、少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词 3. Common Translation Strategiesn3.1 Converting Noun-phrase into Verb-object Structuren3.2 Coverting Passive Voice into Activen3.3 Omission and AmplificationnnLets do some practice!nFor example, the Turing test for machine intelligence holds that a computer is a genuin
8、e thinker if it resembles a human being to the degree that someone interviewing both the computer and a human by teletype cannot tell which is which.n recasting; restructuring; staticdynamic/ change of part of speechn例如，在机器智能的检测中，图灵认为只有当例如，在机器智能的检测中，图灵认为只有当电脑与人脑十分相似，人们通过电传打字机对电脑与人脑十分相似，人们通过电传打字机对人和计
9、算机进行交谈，不能区分出谁是人谁是人和计算机进行交谈，不能区分出谁是人谁是机的情况下，这样的电脑才能说真正具备人的机的情况下，这样的电脑才能说真正具备人的思维能力。思维能力。nAgainst this background, it is not surprising that researchers in artificial intelligence often make believe that their inventions possess human qualities.n keeping the original order/amplificationn 在这个前提下，就不会奇怪为
10、什么人工智在这个前提下，就不会奇怪为什么人工智能的研究者们常常设法让人相信他们的发明能的研究者们常常设法让人相信他们的发明具有人的思维能力。具有人的思维能力。n 在上述背景下，人工智能的研究人员常常在上述背景下，人工智能的研究人员常常要人们相信，他们的发明具有人的特性，这要人们相信，他们的发明具有人的特性，这也就不足为奇了。也就不足为奇了。nTuring himself described a simple computational mechanism as a “child-machine”, to be “rewarded”, “punished”, and taught by a process intended to produce “discipline” and “initiative”.n logical amplificationn 图灵自己曾经将一种简单的计算机械装置图灵自己曾经将一种简单的计算机械装置称作称作“儿童机儿童机”，这种装置通过某种旨在促，这种装置通过某种旨在促使使“他他” 守守“纪律纪律”、有、有“进取心进取心”的程的程序对序对 “他他”进行进行“奖励奖励”、 “惩罚惩罚”和教和教导。导。
