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1、 Robert Frost: Robert Frost: A Poet of Deceptive Simplicity IIA Poet of Deceptive Simplicity II罗伯特罗伯特罗伯特罗伯特 弗罗斯特：一位简单深邃的弗罗斯特：一位简单深邃的弗罗斯特：一位简单深邃的弗罗斯特：一位简单深邃的诗人诗人诗人诗人(2)(2)(2)(2)Reviewing:TheRoadNotTakenTheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,lAndsorryIcouldnottravelbothlAndbeonetraveler,longIsto
2、odlAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldlTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;lThentooktheother,asjustasfair,lAndhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,lBecauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;lThoughasforthatthepassingtherelHadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,lAndboththatmorningequallylaylInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.lOh,Ikeptthefirstfo
3、ranotherday!lYetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,lIdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.lIshallbetellingthiswithasighlSomewhereagesandageshence:lTworoadsdivergedinawood,andI-lItooktheonelesstraveledby,lAndthathasmadeallthedifference.1. Robert Frost(1874-1963): A Poet of Deceptive SimplicitylRobertFrostisoftenconsi
4、deredtobeapoetofsimplicity.Peopleenjoyreadinghispoems,becausehispoemslooksimple,directandnatural.Butactually,Frostisalmostneverassimple,directandnaturalasheappearstobe.lFrostsaysthathispoeticdictionhas“droppedtoaneverydaylevelthatevenWordsworthkeptabove”.lNo matter how pure and simpleFrostspoemsmaya
5、ppearinforms,their implicit meanings are almostalwaysintricate.Frostwasdeceptively simple.The Pasture 牧场牧场Imgoingouttocleanthepasturespring;Illonlystoptoraketheleavesaway(Andwaittowatchthewaterclear,Imay)Ishantbegonelong.Youcometoo.ImgoingouttofetchthelittlecalfThatsstandingbythemother.ItssoyoungItt
6、otterswhenshelicksitwithhertongue.Ishantbegonelong.Youcometoo.我要出去清理牧场的泉眼，我要出去清理牧场的泉眼，只想停下把水中枯叶搂净，只想停下把水中枯叶搂净，( (也许，等到泉水潺潺清清也许，等到泉水潺潺清清) )我不会去太久我不会去太久你也来吧。你也来吧。我要出去牵回那一头牛犊，我要出去牵回那一头牛犊，它那么小，站在母亲身旁，它那么小，站在母亲身旁， 踉踉跄跄地任凭母亲舔着。踉踉跄跄地任凭母亲舔着。我不会去太久我不会去太久你也来吧你也来吧( (黄宗英译黄宗英译) )2.1 Absolutely unliterary （绝对非文学性
7、)lPoets preference for simple poetic words.lOut of 66 words in the poem, there are only 10 words of two syllables, while the others are all monosyllabic(单音节词).lAll the nouns in this poem are concrete nouns(具体名词)：pasture, spring, leaves, water, calf, mother, and tongue, referring to pastoral features
8、 of a New England farm.2.1 Absolutely unliterary （绝对非文学性)lThe poem has only two purely descriptive adjectives(纯粹的描写性形容词)：clear and little.lAlmost all the verbs here refer to definite physical acts(具体动作): clean, stop, rake, wait, watch, fetch, and lick.2.1AbsolutelyunliterarylIntermsofsentence,orsynt
9、acticallyspeaking, the sentences are simple. Theaverage sentence length is less than tenwords.Thepoemcontainsonlytwocomplexsentences (lines 5-6), but even in these twocomplexsentences,weseenostrikingvarietyof complexity from one to the other. Theybalancewellandshortandsimple.2.1Absolutelyunliteraryl
10、Thematicallyspeaking,whatisdepicted in this poem is nothingmore than a simple and physicaldescriptionofaninvitationfromthefarmer-poet.Orwesayagoodpoetfarmer.2.2StoryinthepoemlThe first line presents the background of thefarmandthemanwhocaresforit.Thespeakerisgoingforthbyhimselfinearlyspringtoclearas
11、pringofwater.Hesaysthathisworkwillbefairly brief, but he asks the addressee to gowithhim.2.2StoryinthepoemlInthesecondstanza,thesubjectswitchesfromthespringtoalittlecalf,whichissoyoungthatitstands tottering besides its mother. Again thespeaker asks the addressee to go with him tofetchit.lWecaneasily
12、reconstructedthewholesceneinourmindseye.However,thetwosmallquatrainsshowhowtheleastmaymeanmost,offeringthewriterandthereaderalikethedelightofsayinganordinarythinganddiscoveringthatitisart.2.3thespeaker“I”asafarmerlOnthefirstlevel,ofwetakethespeaker“I”asafarmer,thewholepoemwillprovetobeapictureofvigo
13、rousfarmlifeinearlyspring.At this time of year, farmers are makingpreparationsforthegrowingseason.Inthiscase, the spring-time clearing of the deadleaves left over through the winter maysuggesttherhythmicalcontinuityoflifeanddeathinnature.2.3thespeaker“I”asafarmerlBesides, an unhurried life is implie
14、d by the speakers casual tone of voice:lIambicPentameterLines(五音步抑扬格五音步抑扬格):l Im going out to clean the pasture springl Ill only stop to rake the leaves awaylAlliteration（押头韵押头韵）:l (And wait to watch the water clear, I may)2.3thespeaker“I”asafarmerlFrost is deft in writing the first three lines of n
15、eat Iambic Pentameter and in using the device of heavy alliteration in the third line to depict rhythmically the incidental activities of the farmer. He can either stop to clear up the water or just wait to watch the water clear by itself.lIn the second stanza, an image of a tottering calf besides i
16、ts mother symbolizes a future full of promises.2.4thespeaker“I”asapoetlOnthesecondlevel,sinceFrosttakesthispoemasanintroductiontohispoetry,thespeaker“I”canberegarded as the poet himself, in which case thepoemmightseamtobeamanifestationofthepoetsthoughtabouthispoeticsandpoetry.lThedeadleaveshewantsto
17、rakeawayinthefirststanzamaysuggesttheold-fashionversificationofthe nineteenth century, with which he wants tobreak, while the little calf, struggling to stand byitself, symbolizes the kind of new poetry he haswritten.3.SummarylThe invitation, therefore, can be seen as thepoets invitation for the reader to appreciatehis poetry. The poem stands not only as aninvitationtohispoeticworldbutalsopresentsthe figures that are central to the world: thepoet, the reader, the natural setting, and theanimal. In this way, Frost has very artfullydrawnusintocomplexity.SothesimplicityinFrostspoetryisdeceptive.
