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1、SubjunctiveSubjunctiveMoodMoodWemetinthisroom.DocometothemeetingnextFriday.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.陈述语气陈述语气祈使语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望等是一种假设、猜测、愿望等( (在在条件条件从句中从句中或或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中) )；一是表示说话人的愿；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等望、要求、
2、命令、建议等 ( (在宾语从句、在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) )。虚拟语气的概念 一、非真实条件句（一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致时态一致2.错综时间的虚拟句错综时间的虚拟句3.if省略用省略用倒倒装句装句4.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句5.Ifonly感叹感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、ItstimeItsn
3、ecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从从句句1)IfI1)IfIwerewereabird,Iabird,Iwouldflywouldflyinthesky.inthesky.2)IfI2)IfIhadtakenhadtakenyouradvice,Iyouradvice,Iwouldntwouldnthavehavemadethemistake.madethemistake.3)IfI3)IfIhadbeenhadbeenthere,itthere,itwouldnthavewouldnthave happened.happened.4)Ifit4)
4、Ifitrainedrainedtomorrow,wetomorrow,wewouldnotwouldnotgogoshopping.shopping.l1.IfIhad5000yuan,Iwouldbuyacomputer.（与现在事实相反）（与现在事实相反）l2.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.l3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.l4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.（与现在事实相反与现在事实相反）（与过去事实相反与过去事实相反） 一、一、虚拟语气在条
5、件句中虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（动词（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形原形If+主语主语+had +过去分词过去分词主语主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式2、If+主语主语+were to+ 动词原形动词原形3、If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语should, woul
6、d might, could动词动词原形原形小小顺口溜小小顺口溜虚拟语气并不难虚拟语气并不难, , 从句时态都提前从句时态都提前, ,主句主句wouldwould加在前，注意动词要还原。加在前，注意动词要还原。（省略（省略ifif要倒装）要倒装）e.g. e.g. 1 1）If I If I werewere in your shoes, I in your shoes, I wouldwould accept accept the terms.the terms.2 2） If we If we had lefthad left earlier, we earlier, we wouldnw
7、ouldnt t have missedhave missed the train. the train.3 3） I wish I I wish I werewere as clever as you as clever as you1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.1)IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyinthesky.2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnt2)IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadethemistake.havemadethemistake.3)IfIhadbeenth
8、ere,itwouldnthave3)IfIhadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.happened.4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnot4)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoshopping.goshopping.5)Hewasshakingwithfrightasifhe5)Hewasshakingwithfrightasifhehadseenaghost.hadseenaghost.a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burs
9、t)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.Ifhe_（drive）morecarefully,he_(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad2、错综时间的虚拟句、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指但有时也可能指不同的时间不同的时间,这时要根据上下文
10、的意思采用不这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式同的谓语动词形式.1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在从句指现在, 主句指过去主句指过去)。2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去从句指过去,主句指现在主句指现在)。虚拟语气虚拟语气3、省略、省略if的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有were,had或或should时，时，可省略可省略if，而把它们放在句首。而把它们放在句首。IfIwe
11、retomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中Had you come a few.4.without,butfor，or和和otherwise构成虚拟。构成虚拟。butfor要不是，要不是，or否则（含蓄条件
12、句）否则（含蓄条件句）1.）Withoutsunlight,therewouldbenolifeonourplanet.2.）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.3.）I was ill that day .otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词副词)4.）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词连词)2.2.用于表示命令、建议、要
13、求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。之意时，应用陈
14、述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”shou
15、ld可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.二二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、
16、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：一个坚持：insist两个命令：两个命令：order,command三个建议：三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：五个要求：demand,require,request,desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词用法。即从句中的动词 使用使用should + should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将shouldshould省略。省略。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 注意注意:insist/sugge
17、st各有两意思，要用不同的语各有两意思，要用不同的语气气表表“坚决要求坚决要求”,虚拟虚拟,should+do;表表“坚称坚称,坚持说坚持说”,陈述语气陈述语气,表事实。表事实。表表“建议建议”，虚拟，虚拟,should+do;表表“表明、暗示表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。，用陈述语气。1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe_moreafterclass.（我们课后多（我们课后多练习）练习）2.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe_happy3.Heinsistedthatallofus_thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按（
18、我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）时去那儿）4.Heinsistedthathe_thewallet(没有偷钱包没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewasshouldbedidntsteal我们建议我们建议Tom去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners
19、bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, request, desiredesireItssuggestedthattheplanMydemandisthatshetosee
20、meonceaweek.Wearefortheadvicethatthefactorycloseddown.be carried out.should comeshould be、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为：语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would, might, could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the fil
21、m last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.三三.虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语的宾语从句从句现在现在:过去时（过去时（were）过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时未来未来:would/could/might+V.shouldI wish I as tall as you.wereI wish every day my birthday.wereIwish/wishedIeatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。hadntI wish
22、 it rain tomorrow.wouldHelooksasifhedrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears. She loves the baby as if it her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it yesterday.werehad happenedhad beenwere2,As if/though和和wish用法相同用法相同3. wouldrather(that)现在现在,将来将来：过去：过去：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow. Iwouldratheryouha
23、dgone,too.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3.Its(about/high)time+(that)should+V.过去时过去时我们该去睡觉了。我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwe.Itstimethatwetobed.(Should不可省不可省略略)went to bedshould go4. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I were to see him again!要是
24、我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents lived with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A
25、.nottakeB.hadnttakenC.didnttakeD.shouldnthavetakenExercises虚拟语气虚拟语气3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone虚拟语气虚拟语气9.Haveyoueverbeen
26、toBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11. Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken1.If my father _ here now, he _tell me what to do. A. were, would B were, will C is, would
27、D was , will2. If I _ a bee, I _ work much harder. A were, would B were, shall C had, will D have, shouldPracticeTest1. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily A. If it is not for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. If it were not for 2. As you know, I am a disabled man
28、, but I would be happy if I _of service to you.A. am B. have been C. wereD. would be Listentothesong,andlookatthelyric.Talkaboutwhichsentencesaresubjunctivemoodinif-clause.And we could all togetherGo out on the oceanMe upon my pony on my boatI couldnt bring myself to marrying old daleItd just be me and triggerWed go riding through them moviesThen wed buy a boat and on the sea wed sailPracticeIf I had a boatId go out on the oceanAnd if I had a pony(小马)Id ride him on my boatIf I were roy rogersId sure enough be single
