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1、现在完成时the Present Perfect Tensehave/has+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词或或have/has done现在完成时的用法：现在完成时的用法：1. 表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果表示已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果1） 标志词标志词:already:yet:多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。后，有时位于句末。e.g. I have already finished my homework.用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。e.g. Have you found your lost bo
2、ok yet ? I havent had breakfast yet.ever :never:多用于疑问句，问初次经历。多用于疑问句，问初次经历。e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?用于否定句，位于用于否定句，位于have/has后后e.g. He has never argued with other people. 2. 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作 或状态。或状态。标志词标志词:1）for +一段时间一段时间e.g. We have lived in this city for ten years. 2） s
3、ince +过去点时间过去点时间 since +一段时间一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式）从句（从句用一般过去式） e.g. He has worked here since 1990. She has taught in this school since two years ago. We have known each other since we met.How longjust :before:多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后后e.g. Lucy has just washed her clothes. 可用于各句式，位于句尾。可用于各句式
4、，位于句尾。e.g. I have read this book before. He hasnt been abroad before. Have you flown to Hainan before?2）无标志词的：）无标志词的：e.g. He is not feeling well now. He has caught a cold. I have lost the key. I cant go into my room. 3） so far, once/twice/ three times ,all ones lifee.g. They have learnt 2000 words s
5、o far. Tom has seen the film twice. Her father has worked in the factory all his life. 4） in the past +一段时间一段时间 during the last +一段时间一段时间e.g. They have built many high buildings in the past three years.Great changes have taken place in my hometown during the last two years现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成： have/has
6、 + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：动词过去分词的构成分为注：动词过去分词的构成分为规则变化规则变化和和不规则变化不规则变化， 规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不规则变化的动词过去分词与过去式是一样的，不 规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。规则变化的动词须特殊记忆。规则动词过去分词的构成规则动词过去分词的构成1. 一般在动词后直接加一般在动词后直接加-ed构成规则构成规则2. 以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词，结尾的动词， 直接加直接加-d3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭音节词，先双写这重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，再加-ed 4.结尾是结尾是“
7、辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，的动词， 先变先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-ed 例词例词look lookedplay playedlive livedhope hopedstop stoppedplan plannedstudy studiedcarry carried写出下列动词的过去分词：写出下列动词的过去分词：worklikecrystaylearnusehelpfinishcookarriveworkedlikedcriedstayedlearnedusedhelpedfinishedcookedarrived.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。过去分词其
8、他成分。现在完成时态的句式：现在完成时态的句式：.否定句：否定句：主语主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。过去分词其他成分。 3 3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语过去分词其他成分？过去分词其他成分？ 4. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？其他成分？肯定句：肯定句：I have cleaned my bedroom.否定句：否定句：I havent cleaned my bedroom.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have you cleaned your bedroom?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What have you
9、done?不规则动词过去分词的构成不规则动词过去分词的构成1. 三个主要动词三个主要动词 is, ambe arewaswerebeenhave/hashadhaddo/doesdiddone2. AAA型型 （三者一致）（三者一致）cut cut cutlet let letput put putcost cost cost read read readbeat beat beat hurt hurt hurt3. ABA型型 （过去分词与原形一致）（过去分词与原形一致）come came comebecome became becomerun ran run4. ABB型型 （过去分词与过
10、去式一致）（过去分词与过去式一致）bring brought broughtfind found foundhear heard heardkeep kept keptmake made made此外还有此外还有babysit，build，buy，catch，feed，feel，fight，forget，hang，hold，lay，learn，leave，lie，lose，mean，meet，pay， say，,sell，send ，show，sit，sleep，spell，spend，stand，sweep，teach，tell，think, win 等等。等等。5. ABC型型 （三者不一
11、致）（三者不一致）eat ate eatengive gave givenwrite wrote writtensee saw seenget got gottenbegin began begun此外还有此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。等等。3. have / has been to have / has gone to have / has been in曾经去过某地，现不在那里了曾经去过某地，现不在那里了到某地去了，现已在那里或在途中到某地去了，现已在那里或在途中在某地呆了多长时间在某地呆了多长时间1. A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B
12、: He _his school library.2. The Greens _China for three years.3. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to翻译下列句子翻译下列句子她曾经去过上海。她曾经去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 He has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.
13、注意：表示短暂动作的瞬间性动词，如come、go、buy等的完成时态就不能与for、 since 等表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以与这类词相应的延续性动词或短语连用。试一试，改错 1 I have come to Jianyang for ten years . （ ） 2 His father has died since he was five years old . （ ）have been inhas been dead 瞬间动词的用法口诀；现在完成在瞬间，非延只连时间点， 终止 须转换，否定方可碰一段说明：1 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词或终止性动词，它可以有现在完成时态，但不可以接一段
14、时间；如果要接一段时间，就必须把它转换成相应的延续性动词。2 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式中可以接一段时间。 在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能持续，不在现在完成时态中，短暂性动词不能持续，不能与能与for火火since引导的时间状语连用，因此，引导的时间状语连用，因此，得把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词短语。得把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词短语。die-be dead，borrow-keep，buy-have，come-be in，finish-be over，leave-be away，begin-be on，open-be open，close-be closed，join-be in，fall
15、 asleep-be asleep1.I have bought the book for two years。改错。改错2.She has left since 2009。 3.I have borrowed the book since two days ago.I have had the book for two years.She has been away since 2009.I have kept the book since two days ago.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现强调这一动作产生
16、的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。生过这一动作，与现在无关。 He has studied English for five years. He studied English for five years. （学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学）（学习英语已经五年了，现在仍然在学） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to
17、 our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.has workedcamehave cookedcooked2. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written3.Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _
18、 . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 4.Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see1. Have you met Mr Li _？ . just B. ago .before . a moment agoC5. These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 6. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finishBB
