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1、何兆熊综合英语第三册何兆熊综合英语第三册unit 2unit 2PersonalspacePre-readingActivities(10-15 mins)Whatis“personalspace”?Whatisyourpersonalspace?Doesyourpersonalspacechange?Whyorwhynot?Whatispersonalspace?“Imaginarybubble”thatsurroundsapersonwhichallowsthemtofeelcomfortableoruncomfortable.Personalspaceisour“individualbo
2、undaryorterritory.”Movingintosomeonespersonalspacecanbeviewedasaviolation.Personalspaceismorepsychologicalthanphysical.Itdependsmoreonourinner spacethanthespace outsideus.Thisspacevariesacrossindividualsaccordingtofactorssuchasage, gender, personality, status,andculture.4ZonesofPersonalSpaceIntimate
3、distance:(0-18inches)betweenclosefriends,familymembers;showaffection,givecomfortorprotectPersonaldistance:(1/-4feet)mostconversationsSocialdistance:(4-12feet)lesspersonalsituations,inbusiness,workplacePublicdistance:(12feet)lectures,churches,publicgatheringsSharedSpaceElevators,buses,theaters,andman
4、yothersimilar“sharedplaces”tendtoreducepersonalspace.Peoplewhoroutinelyfindthemselvesinsuchsituationstendtohavesmallerpersonalspaceandmoretolerancefor“spaceinvasion”thanthosewhoareunusedtocrowding.Howwouldyoufeelifyouwereinanyofthesesituations?WeneedpersonalspacetofeelcomfortableOnthesubway,openspac
5、escreateazoneofcomfort.ArmrestsonalongbenchinCentralParkallowforamplebreathingroom.InUnionSquare,afewfeetbetweenwomengoesalongwaytowardeasingtensionsaboutbeinginabusyarea.Buttherearealways“SpaceInvaders”Unit2SpaceInvadersBy Richard StengelAbouttheAuthorRichardStengel,ManagingEditorofTimemagazine,and
6、along-timewriterandeditorofthemagazineAsaseniorwriterandessayist,StengelhaswrittenforThe New Yorker, The New RepublicandThe New York Times.HesbeenafrequenttelevisioncommentatoronCNNandMSNBC.Stengelhaswrittenseveralbooks,includingJanuary sun: One day, three lives; A South African townandYoure too kin
7、d: A brief history of flattery. AboutTimemagazineTime(trademarkedincapitalsasTIME)isanAmericannewsmagazine.AEuropeanedition(TimeEurope,formerlyknownasTimeAtlantic)ispublishedfromLondon.TimeEuropecoverstheMiddleEast,Africaand,since2003,LatinAmerica.AnAsianedition(TimeAsia)isbasedinHongKong.Asof2009,T
8、imenolongerpublishesaCanadianadvertiseredition.TheSouthPacificedition,coveringAustralia,NewZealandandthePacificIslands,isbasedinSydney.Timeistheworldslargestweeklynewsmagazine,andhasadomesticaudienceof20millionandaglobalaudienceof25million.Asofmid-2006,RichardStengelisthemanagingeditor.TextStructure
9、3Sections:Paragraph1-2:Thisparttellsusabouttheauthorsexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvadedandhowhisindividualborderwasintrudedon.Paragraph3-7:Thispartshowsthathephenomenonofinvadingpersonalspacehasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinthecurrentsociety.Paragraph8-9:Thelasttwoparagraphsshowthattheshrinkingof
10、personalspaceislessaphysicalmatterthanpeoplespsychologicalwithdrawal.Part1(Paragraph1-2)Thefirsttwoparagraphstellusabouttheauthorsexperienceofhowpersonalspacewasinvadedandhowhisindividualborderwasintrudedon.Questions:Howdidtheauthordescribetheviolationofpersonalspacethathappenedinabank?Whydoestheaut
11、hortellhisexperienceatthebank?vTheauthorrelatedhisexperiencewithaseriesofverbphrasesandadverbials,suchasinchingtoward,minutelyadvancedtoward,inmildannoyance,begantosidleupto,absentmindedlyshuffledtoward,whichvividlydescribedtheprocessinwhichthepeopleinline,thoughreluctant,hadtogiveawaytheirpersonals
12、pacetotheinvadersuntiltheybecamehugger-muggeragainsteachother.snake vmoveinatwistingwayeg.Thetrainwassnakingitswaythroughthemountains.Detailedreading1sometiredvelvetropesome tired velvet rope (Paragraph 1)Explanation:Here, the word “tired” means “drooping, loosened or slackened”.Detailed readingVelv
13、et：n.丝绒;天鹅绒;立绒;赢得的钱;adj.天鹅绒的;柔软的;（脚声等）轻软的;Eg.thistextilefeelslikevelvet.这种纺织品摸上去象丝绒似的。Inchn.英寸（相当于英寸（相当于2。54厘米，一英尺有厘米，一英尺有12英寸）英寸）;少量，少许少量，少许;身高身高;Sheisfivefeetsixinches.她身高五英尺六英寸。她身高五英尺六英寸。Hislegsaretoolongforhisinches.就他的身高而言就他的身高而言,他的腿太长了。他的腿太长了。Inch：vt.使缓慢地移动tomoveveryslowlyinaparticulardirectio
14、n,ortomakesomethingdothisPricesareinchingup.物价在缓慢上涨物价在缓慢上涨.inchoneswayforward慢慢前进慢慢前进Homework:makesentenceswiththesephrasesbyinches:bitbybit,graduallyeveryinch:completely,entirelynotbudge/yieldaninch:notgivewayatallwithinaninchof:verynear,almostThe car missed me by inches.He looked every inch a gent
15、leman. 他看上去完全是正人君子他看上去完全是正人君子Neither side is prepared to give an inch in the negotiations.Bettycamewithinanofbeingkilled.贝蒂差一点就被杀死贝蒂差一点就被杀死Newwordsfromthetextv1.minuteadjv1)verysmallinsizeoramount极小的;极少的:water containing minute quantities of lead含有微量铅的水.2)verydetailed;accurateorprecise极详细的;准确的;精确的:a
16、 minute description, inquiry, examination, inspection, etc 详细的描述调查检查视察等vminutevTn将（某事）载入备忘录或会议记录vminutelyadv.minutenessn U.3.text1_W_minutely21)我还没仔细研究账目细节，只是粗略浏览了一遍。2)2) 把档案交给老板之前，他仔细检查了一下。minutelyIhaventstudiedtheaccountsminutely;Ivemerelyreadthemthrough.Hecheckedthedocumentminutelybeforehandingit
17、tohisboss.v2.sidlevIpr,Iptowalktowardssomethingorsomeoneslowlyandquietly,asifyoudonotwanttobenoticed.(偷偷地)侧身而行vsidleup/towards/along:vsidling up to the bar 悄悄朝酒吧走去v*She sidled over to me and asked if I recognized her. v她羞怯地向我走来,问我是否认识她.HW:sneak,stroll,stride&plodvsneak:goquietlyandfurtivelyvstroll:w
18、alkinaleisurelyoridlemanner;ramblevstride:walkwithlongstepsvplod:walkwithheavystepsorwithdifficultyvHeraisedhisspearandsneakforward.v他提起长矛悄悄地前进。vIusedtostrollalongthebeachonSundays.v我过去常在星期天沿海滩散步。vHeturnedabruptlyandstrodeoffdownthecorridor.vTheyhadtoplodwearilyonupthehill.v他们不得不迈着疲倦的步子登上山.v3.scribb
19、levI,Tn,Tn.pr1)write(sth)veryfastorcarelessly匆匆或草草书写（某内容）:scribbling (figures) on an envelope在信封上乱写（数字）.2)make(meaninglessmarks)onsth在某物上画（无意义的东西）:a child scribbling all over a book在本子上到处乱画的孩子vscribblen 潦草的笔迹;乱画的无意义的东西v4.shufflev I,Ipr,Ipwalkwithoutliftingthefeetcompletelyclearoftheground拖着脚步走:Walk
20、properly dont shuffle. 好好走路-脚别蹭地.vshuffle指缓慢的疲惫的步子,vShamble同样指拖着脚步走但可来得较快也较随便vstagger身负重物的人或喝醉的人走起路来即为.vstumble因未见到地上的物体,不留心用脚碰到即为.vwaddle的词义很幽默,指因肥胖或因负重走起路来一摇一摆像鸭子似的.vhobble和limp均指腿受伤时不平稳的步子.vlimp专用以指单腿受伤或强直vshufflesb.toandfrov把某人调来调去把某人调来调去vshufflesth.outofsightv把某物塞在看不见的地方把某物塞在看不见的地方vshuffleonesc
21、lothesonoffv笨拙笨拙匆匆匆匆地穿上地穿上脱下脱下衣服衣服vshufflecardsv洗纸牌洗纸牌vshufflethecardsv喻喻改变机构人事改变机构人事;改变政策改变政策v5.hugger-muggeradj,adv 1)secret(ly)秘密（的）.2)confused(ly);indisorder混乱（的）;乱糟糟（的）.hugger-muggern U1secrecy秘密.2confusion混乱.v6.SlinkyorLazySpringisatoyconsistingofahelicalspringthatstretchesandcanbounceupanddow
22、n.vslinkyadjv1)（尤指女子）扭捏招摇地移动: her slinky way of dancing 她迷人的舞姿. 2)（指衣服）紧身显出身体线条的: a slinky night-dress 显出优美身段的睡衣. v slinkiness n U.v7.quaintadjunusualandattractive,especiallyinanold-fashionedway离奇有趣的,古怪的:quaint old customs 稀奇古怪的旧风俗vquaintlyadv.quaintnessnU.v8.gratifyingadj (todosth/that.)(fml 文)plea
23、sing;satisfying令人高兴的;令人满意的:It is gratifying to see ones efforts rewarded. 看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的.vgratifyv.使高兴，使满足vgratificationn (fml 文)喜悦;满意;满足v9.intuitiveadjv1)anintuitiveideaisbasedonafeelingratherthanonknowledgeorfacts直觉的:intuitive knowledge 凭直觉知道v2)possessingintuition有直觉力的:vAre women more intuitive
24、 than men?v女子比男子的直觉力更强吗?vintuitivelyadv intuitionn.直觉v10.penetratev 1)Ipr,Tn(into/through)sthmakeawayintoorthroughsth进入或穿过某物: vA shrill cry penetrated the silence. v一声尖叫划破了寂静.v2)Tnunderstandordiscover(sth)洞察或发现（某事物）:vIt was impossible to penetrate the mystery. 那奥秘无法揭穿.vpenetratingadj 思想敏锐的;有洞察力的pene
25、trationn.PartTwo(paragraph3-7)vThispartshowsthatthephenomenonofinvadingpersonalspacehasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinthecurrentsociety.Thewritergivesseveralexplanationstothispervasivephenomenon.Theshrinkingofpersonalspaceisduetofactorssuchasthegeographicalspace,thegeneraldeclineofmanners,andmoreandmores
26、paceinvaders.Question:Ispersonalspaceaphraseoftheseventies?Isitoutofdatenowadays?Whyorwhynot?vpersonalspacewasaphrasepopularlyusedintheseventiesbutseldommentionednowdays.However,itdoesntmeanthatitisoutofdate.People,whateverperiodstheyarein,needpersonalspace,whichisnottobepenetrated.Theonlyproblemist
27、hattheworldisbecomingsocrowdedthatitisimpossibleforpeopletoprotecttheirpersonalspaceaswellastheyusedtodo.v11.wedgev Tn.pr,Tn.ppackorthrust(sth/sb/oneself)tightlyintoaspace将（某物某人）塞入或插入某空间:vI was so tightly wedged between two other passengers, I couldnt get off the bus. v我紧紧夹在两个乘客中间下不了公共汽车了.vwedgen.劈;
28、尖劈;楔子v12.zigzagadj attrib作定语(ofaline,path,etc)turningrightandleftalternatelyatsharpangles（指线条小径等）锯齿形的,之字形的,Z字形的:a zigzag road, course, flash of lightning弯弯曲曲的道路路线闪电.zigzagn锯齿形的线条小径等zigzagv 曲折地前进v13.jostlevI,Ipr,Tn(againstsb)pushroughlyagainst(sb),usuinacrowd推挤（某人）（通常於人群中）:vThe youths jostled (agains
29、t) an old lady on the pavement. 那些青年人在人行道上推推搡搡挤着了一个老太太.v14.carveouttosucceedingettingthejob,position,lifeetcthatyouwant靠勤奋创（业）或树（名声）:vShe carved out a name for herself as a reporter. 她靠苦干而成了有名的记者vcarvev.雕刻;雕刻成（某物）v15.fidgetyadj unabletostaystill烦躁的;坐立不安的:The boys get fidgety if they cant play outsid
30、e.vfidgetvI,Ipr,Ip(about)(withsth)烦躁不安/n.烦躁不安的人v16.relentlessadjstrict,cruel,ordetermined,withouteverstopping残酷的，不留情的:He was relentless in demanding repayment of the debt.他冷酷无情地要求偿还那笔债。vrelentvIdecidetobelessstrict,determinedorharsh决定采取较为温和缓和或宽容的态度和做法:vAfterwards she relented and let the children st
31、ay up late to watch TV. v後来她宽容了些,让孩子们晚睡看电视.v17.proximityn U(fml 文)(tosth)nearnessinspaceortime;closeness（空间或时间上的）邻近,接近:in the proximity of the building 那座大楼附近*houses built in close proximity to each other 紧挨在一起的房子vproximatea.最接近的，直接的v18.alluringadj attractive;charming吸引人的;迷人的;诱惑人的:an alluring smile,
32、 prospect, promise迷人的微笑前景承诺vallurevTn,Tnt(fml or rhet 文或修辞)诱惑引诱或吸引（某人）/n.诱惑力;魅力vallurementn C,U.v19.proliferationn Uproliferatingorbeingproliferated（迅速的）繁殖;增殖;增生:attrib作定语a nuclear non-proliferation treaty禁止核扩散条约vproliferatev.繁殖,增生,使.激增v20.infusev Tn.prsthintosb/sth;sb/sthwithsthput(aquality)intosb/
33、sth;fillsb/sthwith(aquality)将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人某事物;使某人某事物获得（某特性）:infuse new life, energy, etc into the workers 使工人获得新的活力力量等vinfusionn Uofsth(intosb/sth)注入;灌输;浸泡v21.janglevIandT1)ifmetalobjectsjangle,orifyoujanglethem,theymakeasoundwhentheyhiteachother:使某物）发出刺耳的金属撞击声:The fire-alarm kept jangling (away). 火
34、警报警器响个不停.2)ifyournervesjangle,orifsomethingjanglesyournerves,youfeelnervousorupset:发出噪声刺激（神经等）:vHer voice jangles on my ears. 她的声音我觉得很刺耳.janglen刺耳的声音janglinga.anxiousv22.logisticsn singorplvorganizationofsuppliesandservices,etcforanycomplexoperation物流,后勤学,运筹学vlogistic,logisticaladj.v23.wagervI,Tn,Tn
35、.pr,Tf,Dn.n,Dn.fsth(onsth)stake(money)ontheresultof(sth);betsth在（某事物）上赌（钱）;打赌:Ill wager (you) (any money you like) he wont come. 我（和你）打赌,（随便赌多少钱,）他不会来.wagern 赌博:wagervwager:(moreformaltermfor)beteg.wager5pounds(onahorse)（在一匹马上）押注（在一匹马上）押注5英镑英镑v打赌vloseawagerv打赌输了vwinawagervlaymake,betawagerv打赌获胜v24.t
36、respassv 1)I,Ipr(onsth)entersbslandorpropertywithouthispermissionorotherauthority非法侵入某人地界:vHe accused me of trespassing on his estate. v他控告我擅自进入他的庄园.v2)Ipronsth(fml 文)takeadvantageofsthinaselfishway;usesthunreasonably侵占或无理使用某事物:vtrespass on sbs time/hospitality/privacy占用某人的时间利用某人的好客之情/侵扰某人的个人自由.vtre
37、spassn U非法侵入vtrespassern非法侵入的人v25.mutterv 1)(sth)(tosb)(aboutsth)speakorsay(sth)inalowvoicethatishardtohear低语;咕哝（某事）:He muttered something (to the salesgirl) (about losing his wallet). 他低声（向女售货员）述说着（他的钱包丢了）.2)I,Ipr(about/against/atsb/sth)complainorgrumbleprivatelyorinawaythatisnotopenlyexpressed（私下）
38、埋怨,发牢骚,讲怪话:vFor some time people had been muttering about the way she ran the department. v人们对她的管理方式私下抱怨已有时日.muttern 含糊低语声;含混不清的声音.mutterern喃喃低语者.mutteringn U(alsomutteringspl)私下的抱怨.v26.lamentv v1)I,Ipr,Tn(for/oversb/sth)feelorexpressgreatsorroworregretfor(sb/sth)为（某人某事物）感到悲痛;哀悼;痛惜:lament (for) a de
39、ad friend 哀悼亡友*lament (over) ones misfortunes 悲叹自己的不幸v2)I,Tncomplain(aboutsth)抱怨（某事）:Shes always lamenting the lack of sports facilities in town. 她总是抱怨伦敦缺少体育设施.lamentn 悲恸;挽歌;哀诗lamentableadj 惋惜的;可悲的vlamentationn 悲痛;哀悼lamentedadj 悲叹的;痛惜的v27.grantv 1)agreetogiveorallow(whatisaskedfor)同意给予或允许（所求）:grant
40、a favour, request, etc 答应帮忙请求等v2)sth(tosb)givesthformallyorlegally正式或依法给予某物:She was granted a pension. 她得到了养老金.vgrantn.拨款，授予物v28.expansionistn.扩张主义者,领土扩张论者/adj.(关于)扩张主义的vexpandv.扩大，扩张expansionn.扩大，扩张vexpansen.广阔；宽阔的区域expansivea.广阔的；胸襟开阔的v29.stakevt.打赌n.桩；利害关系，股份；赌注v-stake(out)a/onesclaim(tosb/sth)(i
41、diom):vdeclareaspecialinterest(insb/sth);claimaright(tosb/sth)声称（与某人某事物）有特殊关联;提出（对某人某事物的）所有权要求:vSeveral clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer. v有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人.stake a claimvstakeaclaim:makeaclaimvstake:beassertiveindefininganddefendingapositionorpoli
42、cyvHestakedaclaimtothelandwherehedfoundthegold.vatstake:tobewonorlost;beingrisked,dependingontheoutcomeofaneventvThisdecisionputsourlivesatstake.3.text6-7_W_stake2Translate the following sentences into English.1)你应该对该财产提出权利要求。2) 他面临身败名裂的危险。You ought to stake a claim to the property.His reputation is
43、 at stake.v30.annexv 1)Tntakepossessionof(aterritory,etc)兼并,并吞（领土等）:annex a neighboring state兼并邻国.2)Tn,Tn.prsth(tosth)addorjoinsthtoalargerthing附加;添加:vA new wing has been annexed to the hospital. v医院已经增建了一个新侧楼.annexationn并吞;附加;附加物.v31.routineadj usual;habitual;regular通常的;惯例的;例行的:the routine procedur
44、e 例行手续*routine maintenance 定期的保养vroutinelyadv.routinen.例行公事,常规mandeerv.totakesomeoneelsespropertyforyourownuse强取,强占:vAll automobiles in the town were commandeered by the army.v城中所有的汽车均被部队征用了。PartThree(paragraph8-9)vThelasttwoparagraphsshowthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceislessaphysicalmatterthanpeopl
45、espsychologicalwithdrawal.Peopleinthepresentsocietytendtobemoreandmoreself-absorbed.Thewritercallsforpeoplesexpansionofpersonalspace,bothphysicalandpsychological.Question:Doyouagreewiththewritersviewthatthecontractionoftheouter,personalspaceisproportionaltotheexpansionoftheinnerspaceofmodernman?vYes
46、,peopleinthepresentsocietytendtobemoreself-centered,concentratingontheirprivateaffairsandignoringtheouterworldaroundthem.Theysaytheyhavenotimeorenergytocareaboutothersinasocietyatafasttempo.Asamateroffact,theydonotwanttobotheraboutit.v33.shrinkv(pt shrankorshrunk,pp shrunk)I,Tn(causesthto)becomesmal
47、ler,espbecauseofmoistureorheatorcold（使某物）收缩;萎缩:vWill this shirt shrink in the wash? v这件衬衫洗後缩水吗?v*Car sales have been shrinking recently. v汽车销量近来一直在下降.vshrinkagen U收缩量;收缩程度vshrunkenadj萎缩的;收缩的v34.souped-upadj 增强了马力:asouped-upcarhasbeenmademorepowerfulvsoupv soupsthup(infml 口)增加（汽车等）的马力:a souped-up old mini 为加大马力改装的旧微型汽车v35.contractv(sth)(tosth)makeorbecomesmallerorshorter（使）缩小,缩短,缩约:Metals contract as they get cooler. 金属遇冷则收缩.vcontractn.合同contractibleadj 可收缩的;有收缩性的vcontractionn缩小;收缩结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！67
