初中被动语态

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1、Passive Voice被动语态英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动主动语态和语态和被动被动语态语态1. 1. 主动句：主语（主动句：主语（施动者施动者）+ +谓动谓动+ +宾语（宾语（受动者受动者） 被动句：主语（被动句：主语（受动者受动者）+ +bebe 谓动过分谓动过分+ by+ by+施动者施动者2. 2. 被动语态的谓语：被动语态的谓语： bebe动词动词+ + p.pp.p.(.(过分词）过分词）e.g.The schoole.g.The school was built was built last year. last year.学校是去年修的学校是去年修的3.3.

2、主动句主动句和和被动句被动句的转换方法：的转换方法：1）.把把原原原原来的来的宾语宾语宾语宾语提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的主语主语主语主语; ;2）.把把动词动词变成变成“be + be + 过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词”;3）.主动语态中的主动语态中的主语主语主语主语变为介词变为介词byby的的宾语宾语宾语宾语。e.g. e.g. TheyThey cleaned cleaned the room. the room. 主动句主动句主动句主动句 The room was cleaned by them. 被动句被动句 * 若施动者不重要，若施动者不重要，by+施动者施动者口语

3、中常省略。口语中常省略。 3. 被动语态有各种时态：被动语态有各种时态： 基本形式：基本形式：be+ done (以以do为例）为例）1. 一般现在时一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were + done3. 一般将来时：一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done4.现在完成时：现在完成时： have/has been + done5. 情态动词：情态动词： can等等 + be + donee.g. The room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫房间要经常打扫。 The books w

4、ere stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷了书昨天被偷了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homework have been finished. 我的作业已经做完了我的作业已经做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该洗了。你的衣服该洗了。 （以上句子中都省略了（以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者施动者）*可见可见，被动句的各种时态只变，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，过去分词动词的时态就行，过去分词始始终不变终不

5、变。表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being done(shall/will/be going to) be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be + donemust be done/mustnt be don

6、eshould be done/ shouldnt be donecan be done/ cant be donemay be done/ might be doneOral practice-主动句改被动句 Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice:1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2)These two kids plant trees every year3)We should protect the earth4)Well put on the play next Sunday

7、He was knocked down by a car yesterdayTrees are planted by these two kids every year.The earth should be protected by us.The play will be put on next Sunday.补充作业：补充作业：一一. 翻译翻译（用被动语态译，注意时态用被动语态译，注意时态）： 1. 我的红钢笔被他偷了。我的红钢笔被他偷了。2. 他的钱已经被用完了。他的钱已经被用完了。3. 这辆自行车经常修。这辆自行车经常修。 4. 这个房间能使用。这个房间能使用。5.这个房子将被卖掉。这

8、个房子将被卖掉。二二. 把下列句子变为被动句把下列句子变为被动句。 1. I watered the flowers. 2. She bought a jacket. 3. He often washes his clothes. 4. Im gong to visit my mother. 5. They can play basketball. 6. We should take care of the old people 三三. 把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句. 这种变化与以这种变化与以前学的一样：前学的一样：有有be变变be动词动词，

9、有其他，有其他助动词助动词则变则变助动词助动词，有有情态情态动词动词则变则变情态动词情态动词1. The bag was taken by him. 2. The food should be eaten. 3. My work has been done. 一一.1. My pen was stolen by him. 2. His money has been run out.3. The bike is often repaired. 4. The room can be used.5. The house will be sold.二二. 1. The flowers were wat

10、ered by me. 2. A jacket was bought by her. 3. His clothes are often washed by him. 4. My mother is gong to be visited by me. 5. Basketball can be played by him.三三. 1.Was the bag taken by him ? Yes, it is/ No, it isnt. The bag wasnt taken by him. 2. Should the food be eaten ? Yes, it should/ No, it s

11、houldnt 3. Has the work been done ? Yes, it has./ No, it hasnt.一一.生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示。像。像“Basketball was played by him ”虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用主动主动句句用的还是多一些。用的还是多一些。 什么时候用被动句呢？什么时候用被动句呢？ * 一般是一般是没必要说出施动者没必要说出施动者，或，或不知道施动者是谁不知道施动者是谁，或，或为了强调受动者为了强调受动者，才采用被动语态。才采用被

12、动语态。 如如. 他的钱包被偷了他的钱包被偷了； 我的作业完成了我的作业完成了；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；英语在全世界广泛使用等英语在全世界广泛使用等 。 e.g. Tea is produced in Hangzhou. English is spoken widely in the world.二二. 注意：汉语中这些字也常表示注意：汉语中这些字也常表示“被动被动：为，给，为，给， 叫，让，遭等，叫，让，遭等，但但它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判断是主动还是被动。断是主动还是被

13、动。e.g. 他他给给我一本书我一本书(give). 你的记性你的记性给给狗吃了狗吃了( was eaten) 你你叫叫他吃饭（他吃饭（ask). 你的书包你的书包叫叫他拿了（他拿了（was taken) 他他为为你买单。你买单。(for you). 他他为为情所困（情所困（ is troubled） 你你让让她进来（她进来（let). 你你让让他骗了。（他骗了。（was fooled) 他他遭遭遇车祸了（遇车祸了（happen) . 他他遭遭他爸打了（他爸打了（ was hit) 三三. 汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。 e.g.

14、我捡的这个钱包。我捡的这个钱包。The wallet was picked by me. 常用的被动语态短语常用的被动语态短语：1. be made of : 由由.制作成的制作成的 The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。桌子是木头做的。( 成品看得见原材成品看得见原材料料）2. be made from：由由.制作成的制作成的Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的面包是小麦做的. (成品看不见原材料成品看不见原材料）3. be made in ：The clothes are made in China. 衣服是中国造的衣服是中国造的

15、4. be used to do = be used for doing 被用来做被用来做. 如如 Steel is used to build house.=Steel is used for building house. 5. be used by.被某人使用被某人使用 . The room is used by him. 6. be used as. 被作为被作为.来使用来使用。The jacket is used as a quilt. 7. be known for=be famous for. 以以.而出名而出名/ 而众所周知而众所周知 8. It is said that. 据

16、说据说. 8. It is reported that.据报道据报道. 注意：注意：be used to doing 某人习惯于做某人习惯于做.( 主语和后的动词是主动关系主语和后的动词是主动关系 be used to do 主语被用来做主语被用来做.（主语和主语和use 是被动关系是被动关系）被动语态的特殊用法：被动语态的特殊用法： 1.感官动词感官动词see,watch,hear,notice,feel, listen to, look at和和使役动词使役动词make, let, have等作宾语补语的都是原型；等作宾语补语的都是原型；但改成被动语态后必须带但改成被动语态后必须带to。

17、e.g. make sb. do(原型原型） sth. 使某人做某事使某人做某事 see sb. do(原型原型） sth. 看见某人做某事看见某人做某事 1). I heard him sing just now. -He was heard to sing just now by me. 2). we make them go home. -They are made to go home by us.作业作业：变成被动语态：变成被动语态 1. I often see you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the r

18、oom. 3. The teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep. 二. require和need等用ing形式表被动。 e.g. The room needs cleaning Your face requires washing. 也可以用不定式的被动形式。也可以用不定式的被动形式。 The room needs to be cleaned. Your face requires to be washed. 以下动词是没有被动语态的。以下动词是没有被动语态的。1. 系动词表状态，没有被动语态：系动词表状态，没有被动语态：b

19、e, become变成，成为变成，成为, turn变得变得,get变得变得,sound听起来听起来, look看起来看起来, feel摸起来摸起来,smell闻起来等。闻起来等。 e.g. The clothes feel well. The music sound boring. The room gets dirty.2. 表状态的动词没有被动语态表状态的动词没有被动语态keep, stay, 等等 e.g. The classroom should keep quiet.3. 不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。 happen发生，发生，take place发发生，生，app

20、ear出现，出现， begin开始开始 ， last 持续，持续，end 结束结束.open, close 等等 e.g. The meeting has begun. Something happened yesterday. The shop will open at seven oclock.Quiz 1 Quiz 11. The steel _ cold A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt2. His plan _ good A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D.

21、soundsCDQuiz 2Quiz 2The shop _ at 6 am. every day A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is openingWork _ at 7 pm. today A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had endedABThe pen _ smoothly A. was wrote B. writes C. has writing D. is writtenThis coat _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed

22、Quiz 3BCYour jacket needs _(wash)The house requires _ (repair)Quiz 4washingrepairingThe fish is not fit _(eat) We find English difficult _ (learn)Quiz 5to eatto learnI have much homework _ (do)Ill give the boy some books _(read)Quiz 6to doto readCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sen

23、tence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)A fire was broken out last night5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days be

24、fore6)The large building that is now built will be a hospitalhad been damagedis now being builtbroke out7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day8)His plan is sounded good9)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed / washing 1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next weekAare to be held B

25、. is to be heldC. are holdingDwill holdMultiple choice B2. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factoryA. is being repairedB. is repairedC. has been repairedD. hasnt been repairedA3Every possible means _, but none _ successfulA. has tried; has provedBtried; provesC. has been tried; pr

26、ovesD. is being tried; is provedC4The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer Cto be answered D. answeringB5In warm weather, fruit and meat _ longA. cannot be keptB. dont keepC. mustnt keepD. is not keptA6He received a telegram _: “Mother ill” Awritten B. reading C. said D. writing B7

27、. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to himA. brought itB. took itC. had it sentD. carried it C8Alice had a dress _ last weekAmadeB. makeC. to be madeD. to makeA9The teacher couldnt make him _ attention to because the students were so noisy.A. payB. paidC. to payD. to be paidB10.-When

28、will the lecture begin? -When the students _ Ahave sat Bsat down Cwill sit Dare seatedD 基本形式：基本形式：be+ done (以以do为例）为例）1. 一般现在时一般现在时：am/is/are + done 2.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were + done3. 一般将来时：一般将来时：(shall/will/be going to) be+ done4.现在完成时：现在完成时： have/has been + done5. 情态动词：情态动词： can等等 + be + donee.g. The

29、 room is often cleaned .房间要经常打扫房间要经常打扫。 The books were stolen yesterday. 书昨天被偷了书昨天被偷了。 You will be punished by math teacher tomorrow. 你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。 My homework have been finished. 我的作业已经我的作业已经做完了做完了 Your clothes should be washed. 你的衣服该了。你的衣服该了。 （以上句子中都省略了（以上句子中都省略了by+ 施动者施动者）*可见可见，被动句的各

30、种时态只变，被动句的各种时态只变be动词的时态就行，动词的时态就行，过去分词过去分词始终不变始终不变。主动语态变为被动语态：主动语态变为被动语态：1. 不能改变不能改变时态时态:主动句是什么主动句是什么时态时态，被动句就是什，被动句就是什么时态；么时态；主动句有主动句有情态动词情态动词，被动句就该有情态动词，被动句就该有情态动词 e.g. I asked you-You were asked I ask you- You are asked I ask him-He is asked I will ask you-You will be asked I can ask you-You can

31、be asked2. 不能改变不能改变句型句型：主动句是：主动句是一般疑问句一般疑问句，被动句就，被动句就是一般疑问句，主动句是是一般疑问句，主动句是否定句否定句，被动句就是否定，被动句就是否定句，主动句是句，主动句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句，被动句就是特殊疑问句，被动句就是特殊疑问句 He doesnt wash the clothes.- The clothes arent washed by him. I didnt give the book to you.- The book wasnt given to you by me. I shouldnt call you.- You shou

32、ldnt be called by me. Do you finish your homework ?- Is your homework finished by you ? Will he watch the movie ?- Will the movie be watched by him ? When did you eat lunch ? When was lunch eaten? 感官动词的用法和使役动词一样感官动词的用法和使役动词一样：变为被动语态时，变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役动词后面的感官动词和使役动词后面的动词原形动词原形和和ing形式前，都形式前，都要加上要加上to.1.

33、 眼睛看到的：眼睛看到的：see, watch, notice, find, look at. 2.耳朵听到的：耳朵听到的：hear, listen to3.鼻子闻到的：鼻子闻到的：smell4.皮肤感到的：皮肤感到的：feel. e.g. I saw him playing basketball.被动句被动句: . 2. He doesnt finds the girls sing every day. 被动被动: every day He was seen to play by meThe girls arent found to sing by him关键题关键题： 变为被动语态变为被动

34、语态 The teacher didnt make the boy stand outside.被动语态：被动语态：The boy outside by the teacher.仔细观察：仔细观察：1.原句是原句是否定句否定句，再看谓语动词是，再看谓语动词是使役动使役动词词make，想想它的用法再做题。，想想它的用法再做题。2. 只变被动语态，只变被动语态，所以过去式的所以过去式的时态时态和否定句的和否定句的句式句式是不能变的。是不能变的。3. 想想想想not该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词make才加才加的助动词的助动词did+ not, 而变为被动语态后呢？

35、还有而变为被动语态后呢？还有did吗吗？错，因为变为被动语态后有了？错，因为变为被动语态后有了be动词了，而且要不动词了，而且要不能改变过去时的时态。能改变过去时的时态。wasnt madetostand练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。 1. I often see you wash your clothes. 2. He found somebody cry next to the room. 3. The teacher let them dance. 4. I made the little boy sleep. 5. We didnt notice yo

36、ur friends go away. 6.They pick up apples in the country.7.He doesnt hear you play the piano.8. Do you do you homework on Sunday?9. We should take care of the old people.10.Can you clean your room ? 11. Where will you visit your mother ?12. How did he make the toy car ?Answers :1. You often are seen

37、 to wash your clothes by me .2.Somebody was found to cry next to the room by him .3.They were let to dance by the teacher.4. The little boy was made to sleep by me.5. Your friends werent noticed to go away.6.Apples are picked up in the country.7. You werent heard to play the piano.8. Is your homewor

38、k done on Sunday.9.The old people should be taken care of.10. Can your room be cleaned by you ?11. When will your mother be visited?12.How was the toy car made by him ?主动句变被动句：主动句变被动句：1. 把主动句的把主动句的宾语宾语来来做做被动句的被动句的主语主语。2. 把主语后把主语后第一个第一个动词，就是谓语动词变为被动形式，动词，就是谓语动词变为被动形式，也就是也就是be动词动词+ 过去分词过去分词 He called

39、my friend.My friend My friend was called by him.个个3. 不能改变不能改变时态时态，不能改变，不能改变句型句型。Did he call your friend? Was your friend called by him? He didnt call my friend. My friend wasnt called by him. 一一.有使役动词和感官动词的句子中，有两个动词，有使役动词和感官动词的句子中，有两个动词，第一个动词第一个动词就是谓语动词，变被动语态就变它，只是就是谓语动词，变被动语态就变它，只是后一个动词前加上后一个动词前加上t

40、o. I see him play basketball. - He is seen to play basketball. He made his father buy a bag. -His father was made to buy a bag.二二. 有有情态动词情态动词和助动词和助动词will的疑问句，变被动句时，的疑问句，变被动句时，特殊疑特殊疑问词问词、情动和情动和will还是放问句还是放问句前前，加的，加的be作为原形，放在作为原形，放在主语主语后后.不能有不能有do/does和和did这些助动词了。这些助动词了。 Will you call him? - Will he be called by you ? When did you call him?When was he called? 错误：1. I made him go home- He was gone to make He is made to go home He was made go home 2. Can you ask him? Can be he asked.3. When did you