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1、情态动词情态动词常用的情态动词常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）mustdare（dared）needhavetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeatures（特点（特点)ofthemodalverbs: 1.情态动词本身有词义情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化(除除“have to”).4.没有没有不定式不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式形式. He c
2、an/could/must/may/might/shall/ should/need/dare/dared/will/would/ought to/ used to + work in that factory.He has to go home now.He had to look after his sick mother.在情态动词的使用中在情态动词的使用中, , 我们要注意以下考点我们要注意以下考点: :1.情态动词的基本用法。情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词情态动词表推测表推测的用法。的用法。3.情态动词情态动词+havedone的用法。的用法。1.表表“能力能力”can,could
3、的用法的用法1.Ican/amabletoswim.2.Icould/wasabletoclimbatreewhenIwasachild.3.Iwillbeabletoswimnextweek.4.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.1.can表示现在的能力表示现在的能力2.could表示过去的能力表示过去的能力3.beableto表能力，可用于多种时态表能力，可用于多种时态4.beableto强调成功地做了某事强调成功地做了某事2.表“请求请求,许可许可”could用来表示请求的时候比用来表示请求
4、的时候比can更委婉更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike? CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_A.mightB.willC.canD.should3.表“可能性可能性”can,could用在用在肯定句肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈经验之谈”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在用在疑问句疑问句中表推测中表推测,表示可能性表示可能性Canshebeint
5、heclassroom?can,could用在用在否定句否定句中表推测，翻译成中表推测，翻译成“不不可能可能”Wethoughtthestorycouldntbetrue.1.Mary_beinParis， ，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago A mustntB cantC shouldntD maynot2.MyMP4playerisntinmybag.Where_Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表表“询问询问”(might比用比用may更客气更客气.) MayI?(=CanI?)MightI?(=Cou
6、ldI?)MayIborrowyourbook?may与与might用法用法MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?_.A.No,youneedntB.Not,please.C.No,youmustntD.No,youwont注意：注意：mayI?的答语的答语.肯定肯定:Yes,youmay.否定否定:No,youmustnt(语气强硬语气强硬)No,youmaynot.或或No,youdbetternot.2.表表“许可许可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.MightIwatchTVaftersupper
7、?Yes,you_.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表表推测推测，表示主观上的推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，可能，也许也许”，不用于疑问句不用于疑问句,might比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.Imafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Petercomewithustonight， ，butheisntverysureyet A mustB mayC canD will1.must表示主观上的表示主观上的必须必须，应该应该，没有时态，没有时态变化。变化。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo
8、.注意注意:MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.must的用法的用法“必须必须、不得不不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。表示的是说话人的主观看法。haveto表示的是客观需要。（表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界是由于某种外界（客观）原因而（客观）原因而“必须必须”，“不得不不得不”做某事，做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须必须”做。）做。）Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.注意：注意：1.haveto的否定形式的否定形式
9、donthaveto表示表示不必不必。2.haveto可用于多种时态中。可用于多种时态中。1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you_takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?Yes,he_.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will2.must表示肯定的推测。表示肯定的推测。Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He_havealotofmoney.A
10、.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.must表示表示“一定要一定要”、“坚持坚持”“偏要偏要”、“偏偏偏偏”。表。表示与说话人的愿望相反示与说话人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisoverMustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？多噪音？MayIsmokehere?Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must4.mustnt表示表示禁止禁止做某事。做某事。Youmustntsmokeintheoffi
11、ce.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI_playwithmatches.A.wouldntB.needntC.mustntD.darentshall作作助动词助动词，用于第一人称，表示将来，用于第一人称，表示将来，should是是shall的过去式的过去式WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作作情态动词情态动词1：用于用于第一人称第一人称和和第三人称第三人称，表示征求对，表示征求对方意见或请求指示方意见或请求指示Shallwebeginourlesson?ShallI/shesithere?shall与与should用法用法-Sir,_
12、hegoorstay?-Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于用于第二第二、三人称三人称，表示，表示允诺、警告、允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心威胁、命令、决心等。等。Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允诺允诺)(允允)(警告警告)(命令命令)(决心决心)1.Ithasbeenanno
13、uncedthatcandidates(候选候选人人)_remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.You_havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt3).shall用于用于条约，规定，规章条约，规定，规章等文件等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“
14、Theinterest（利益）（利益）_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示劝告，建议，意表示劝告，建议，意为为“应该应该”，oughtto语气更强些，强调语气更强些，强调“有责任，有有责任，有义务做义务做”A:Illstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强）语气更
15、强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示的否定形式表示“不应该不应该”Childrenshouldntsmoke.HowsyourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?It_be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_?AarrivedBarrivingCarriveDtoarriveHe_speaktohismotherlikethat.AoughtnottoBdoesntoughttoCnotoughttoDoughttonot2.should可表示说
16、话人的感情如可表示说话人的感情如“惊奇惊奇”“愤怒愤怒”“失望失望”“不满不满”等等.翻译为翻译为“竟然，居竟然，居然然”Idontbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspeaktwodifferentlanguages!我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！Icantbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman_behavelikethis!A.wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表表推测推测,意为意为“可能；该可能；该”,相当于相当于beexpectedto
17、。往往。往往指具有一定的客观根据指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性可能性”进进行描述，语气上不如行描述，语气上不如must强。强。Mr.Blackmustbehomebynow.Mr.Blackoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）2.WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.They_bereadyby12： ：00 A canB s
18、houldC mightD need3.Itsnearlysevenoclock Jack_behereatanymoment A mustB needC shouldD can1.WillMr.Wangofferusahand?He_begladto Heneverrefusedourrequest A canB mustC mayD should1.will作情态动词用时在陈述句中可作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语用各人称作主语,表示其表示其“意志意志”“意意愿愿”“决心决心”等等.Iwillneverdothatagain.Iwillgiveupsmoking.Dontforge
19、ttobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.No,I.A.dontB.cantC.wontD.couldntwill和和would的用法的用法2.will在疑问句中用第二人称作主语在疑问句中用第二人称作主语,表表示说话人向对方示说话人向对方提出请示或询问提出请示或询问.不如不如would委婉委婉Will/Wouldyoupassmethebook?Willhepayforme?Wouldyouliketocomewithus?3.will有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律律.(表示习惯表示习惯,经常性经常性,倾向性倾向性)惯于惯于
20、,总是总是(会会),终归是终归是 。Boyswillbeboys.男孩终归是男孩。男孩终归是男孩。Matcheswillnotstrikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮湿就擦不着。火柴潮湿就擦不着。Thedoor_open.这门经常打不开。这门经常打不开。wont1.would可用于各人称可用于各人称,表示过去时间的表示过去时间的“意志意志”“愿望愿望”和和决心决心”.2.would表示说话人本身的表示说话人本身的“意志意志”或向对或向对方提出方提出“请求请求.3.would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作.Heusedtotakeawalknearthefores
21、tintheevening.（现在可能散步也可能不散步了）现在可能散步也可能不散步了）usedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。但现在已不复存在了。 Hewouldtakeawalkneartheforestintheevening.（而现在不散步了）而现在不散步了）Ronald_stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare(ne
22、ed)+S+VS+darent(neednt)+VIdarentwalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedntreturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare dare,need的用法的用法2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、有人称、时态、和数的变化时态、和数的变化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedontneedtoworr
23、yabouthim.3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedone Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.句句型型时态时态情态动词情态动词dare实义动词实义动词dare肯肯定定句句现在时现在时 daredodare/darestodo过去时过去时 dareddodaredtodo否否定定句句现在时现在时darent/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do过去时过去时 darednotdo didnotdare(to)do疑疑问问句句
24、 现在时现在时 Darehedo?Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?过去时过去时Daredhedo?Didhedare(to)do 1.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshethedrunkensailortheotherday.A.darefightingoffB.daredfightoffC.daretofightoffD.daredfightingoff3.Thedoghibernate(冬眠冬眠)inwinter.A.dontneed
25、B.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot注意对注意对need问句的回答问句的回答:-NeedIfinishtheworktoday?-Yes,_.No,_.No,_.youmustyouneedntyoudonthavetoneednt对其它情态动词的回答对其它情态动词的回答:-ShallItellJohnaboutit?-No,you_.-Mustwedoitnow?-No,you_.neednt(donthaveto)neednt(donthaveto)二、二、情态动词表推测情态动词表推测1.肯定的推测肯定的推测一般用一般用must,should,may（m
26、ight）或）或could（不用（不用can），其中，），其中，_的语气的语气最强，译为最强，译为“肯定肯定”、“准是准是”、“想必是想必是”；_的语气次之，译为的语气次之，译为“很可能很可能”、“应该应该”，指按常理推测；，指按常理推测；_的语气最弱，译为的语气最弱，译为“也也许许”、“可能可能”。mustshouldmay（might），），could-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.I_gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might-Hi,tom.Anyideawhere Jane is?She
27、_intheclassroom.Isawherjustnow.A.shallbeB.willbeC.mustbeD.canbeAccordingtothespeed,thecar_arriveatShanghaibeforeitgetsdark.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.need注：注：can有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，有时也用于肯定句中表示推测，主要用于表示理论上的可能性主要用于表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示，或表示“有时有时”之意。之意。如：如：Evenexperiencedteacherscan
28、makemistakes._Shecanbeveryunpleasant._Foodpoisoningcancausedeath._即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。她有时很令人讨厌。她有时很令人讨厌。食物中毒可导致死亡。食物中毒可导致死亡。It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. wouldPeter _ be really difficult to deal with at times even t
29、hough he is a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can D. mustattimes:有时；偶尔有时；偶尔2.否定推测分为两种情况：否定推测分为两种情况： 1）语气不语气不是是很肯定时，常用很肯定时，常用maynot,mightnot，译为，译为_2）否定语气较强时，则用）否定语气较强时，则用_，译，译为为“根本不可能根本不可能”、“想必不会想必不会”，可能不、也许不可能不、也许不cantMalecustomers_notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.must B.shall C.mayD.ne
30、edIsntthatAnnshusbandoverthere?No,it_behimImsurehedoesntwearglasses.A.cantB.mustnotC.wontD.maynot3.疑问句中的推测，疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？ A. can B. should C. may D. must4.对已发生事情的推测。对已发生事情的推测。肯定推测常用肯定推测常用“must,may,might
31、+完完成式成式”；否定和疑问推测常用否定和疑问推测常用“can, could ，may,might+完成式完成式”。 musthavedone:_cant/couldnthavedone:_may/mighthavedone:_想必一定做了某事想必一定做了某事不可能做了某事不可能做了某事可能可能/或许已经或许已经Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.Great!You_readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.mustB.shouldC.musthaveD.shouldhaveMyMP4playerisntinmybag.Where_I
32、haveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.wouldIcantfindmypurseanywhere.-You_havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would1.must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去分词，表示现在对过去过去事物的推测。事物的推测。三三情态动词情态动词+have+P.P.Hemusthavetoldmyparentsaboutit.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。Itssixoclockalready,wemusthavebeenlateagain.已经六点钟了，我们一
33、定又迟到了已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了2.cant/couldnt+have+P.P表示对表示对过去过去某事的某事的否定否定猜测猜测Hecouldnthavebeentothattown.3.may(might)+have+P.P,表示对表示对过去过去事事情的猜测情的猜测,认为某事认为某事“可能可能”发生发生.(might比比may更含蓄更含蓄,或更不肯定或更不肯定.)Hemay(might)haveplayedelectricgameonTVthewholenight.Forhelooksverysleepy.4.should/oughtto+have+P.P.过去本该做，过去本该做，而事
34、实上却没有做而事实上却没有做，表，表“责备责备”或或“惋惜惋惜” shouldnot/oughtnotto+have+P.P. 过去本过去本不该做，而事实上却做了不该做，而事实上却做了，表，表“责备责备”或或“惋惜惋惜”Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.Youshouldnothaveleftyourbabyaloneinthehouse.5.neednt+have+P.P.表示表示本来不本来不必做，但做了必做，但做了.Sheneednothaveattendthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.(她昨天本不必参加会议，
35、可她参加了她昨天本不必参加会议，可她参加了.)1.Theriverisrising.It_lastnight.A.mustberainingB.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididnthearthephone.I_asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.-Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.-It_acomfortablejourneyA.cantbeB.shouldntbe
36、C.mustnthavebeenD.couldnthavebeen4.Youyesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.A.oughttocomeB.oughttobecomingC.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome5.You_alltheseboxesyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didntneedtocarryB.neednthavecarriedC.needntcarryD.didntneedcarry6.Mr
37、.White_at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving7.IlltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldPractice1.Helen_goonthetripwithus,butsheisntquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.
38、can2.-Ivetakensomeoneelsesgreensweaterbymistake.-It_Harrys.Healwayswearsgreen.A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustntbeD.couldbe3.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need4.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry_beunderadultsupervisionwheninapub
39、liclibrary.A.mustB.mayC.canD.need5.Theinterest_bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall6.I_payTomavisit,butImnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could7.-IdontmindtellingyouwhatIknow.-You_.Imnotaskingyouforit.A
40、.mustntB.maynotC.cantD.neednt8.-Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.-You_havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt9.-Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?-Sorry,Imnotsure,butit_be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_
41、reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can11.You_betired-youveonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.wontC.cantD.maynot12.-Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?-Well,ifyou_know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall13.There_beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mus
42、tntB.shantC.shouldntD.neednt14.-Lucydoesntmindlendingyouherdictionary.-She_.Ivealreadyborrowedone.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.shouldnt15.He_havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldntbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldntD.cant16.I_havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.A.shouldn
43、tB.couldntC.mustntD.neednt17.Thiscakeisverysweet.You_alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput18.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe_haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need19.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They_atleast150kilometersanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.mus
44、thavebeenC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone20.-Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?-Something_tohim.A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened21.-DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldntfindhimanywhere.-Well.He_havegonefar-hiscoatisstillhere.A.shouldntB.mustntC.cantD.wouldnt22.-Cat
45、herine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.-Thanks.You_it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needntdoB.neednthavedoneC.mustntdoD.shouldnthavedone23.-ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.-Oh,dear!She_alotofdifficulties!A.maygothoughB.mightgothroughC.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethough24.-IlltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.-You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold
