《兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学课件（52页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 獸醫生理學 第一講 代謝(metabolism)與生物能量學(bioenergics) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.99-102) Definitions of the metabolism / internal respiration 1.The utilization of nutrients by the cell, consisting essentially of oxidation of carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and water with the release of EN
2、ERGY. -This is not like burning but is slow, controlled, stepwise process.Oxidation not only includes the addition of oxygen but also refers to the removal of hydrogen / electrons.兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学2.Metabolism refers to the sum of the biochemical reactions occurring in each cell. Those reac
3、tions that build and maintain the body through energy formation are called anabolic (1) and those reactions that release energy by the breakdown of substances are called catabolic (2).(1)The animals obtain this energy directly if they are herbivorous, or indirectly if they are carnivorous. (2)This e
4、nergy is temporarily stored in the form of so-called high energy bonds , which link phosphorus and oxygen atoms in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学一。Nutrition and Growth 經由代謝的程序，將取得的營養轉化為生長所需 。(一)能量：能的釋放可用以產生或維持滲透性、電性或化學性 梯度(gradient或濃度concentration)，或用以形成新的 化學鍵；能的產生則源自相關細胞內有
5、機化合物的 鍵裂(breaking of bonds)，(見二。)(二)生長：使動物存活(alive)且維持其生產(production) 正性平衡：repletion storage - growth hypertrophy (負性平衡) (cell) hyperplasia 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学一。Nutrition and Growth(continue)(三)代謝運轉：能量平衡 能量的命運：熱(附加熱、燃燒熱) 、化學能 能量的測定：直接測熱法 間接測熱法 -測定氧的利用 (呼吸商R.Q.) 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学二。 Fu
6、rther explanation of the relationship of cell and energy 1.Cell can obtain the energy(1)能量非源自創造，而是由一種chemicals移轉為另一種 currency。(2)它的最佳受質(substrate)是glucose與fatty acid 它們並不是被用來製成ATP，而是在涉及之化學反應中， 將ADP轉化為ATP，最後再將能量移轉出來。 2.Cell can store the energy(1)ATP是一個高堤勢(high bank balance)：可直接釋出能量(2)ADP是一個低堤勢(low b
7、ank balance)：必需先加高(賦予 能量)成為ATP之後，才能作出進一步之釋能行為。 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学二。Further explanation of the relationship of cell and energy (continue) 3.Linkage reaction of muscle constriction and restoration ATP ADP + H3PO4 + Energy 立即使用 CP creatine + H3PO4 + Energy 與ADP再合成 ATP之用Glycogen lactic acid + En
8、ergy 與creatine及H3PO4合成 (anaerobic glycolysis) CP 之用 1/5 Lactic acid + O2 H2O + CO2 + Energy ( 使其餘4/5乳酸再合成 glycogen之用)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 思考區間(thinking compartment) (1)就chemical energy (metabolic fuel)中之各類受質相對於現實社會中之流通物品進行概念配對： amino acid / ATP / CHO(glycogen) / CP / fatty acid / glucose cash
9、/ check(cheque) / credit card / passbook(deposit) (2)Brain metabolism (BBB) glucose / amino acid (gluconeogenesis) 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学三。 The Basal metabolism and its related ideas(一)基底代謝：動物處於清醒而靜止狀態，所釋放的能 量來自動物本身組織的分解代謝。 基底代謝率(BMR/ hr.)： 牛 (500kg；6.7 m2)6600仟卡，即約40K cal/hr/m2 豬 (100kg；2.2 m2)
10、2000仟卡，即約38K cal/hr/m2 羊 ( 40kg；1.2 m2)1000仟卡，即約34K cal/hr/m2(二)禁食代謝：測定於甲烷值最低之時(呼吸商0.71)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学三。The Basal metabolism and its related ideas(continue) (三)影響基底代謝的因素 體型大小 體表面積法則(surface law)：Q=70 W3/4/ 103 (基底代謝 Es = 4.1 W3/4) 品種 年齡 懷孕 身體組成分(body composition)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量
11、学四。 Further explanation of the Basal metabolism and its related ideas1.體型大的動物較不易被環境控制： 體型愈大，單位體積之表面積愈小， 而經由表面被環境影響的程度也愈小。 2.體型大的動物較耐乾旱： 由體表流失的水分相對減少。 3.體型大的動物較耐肌飢餓： 以平均體重的能量消耗而言， 體型大者的消耗較小。 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学四。 Further explanation of the Basal metabolism and its related ideas (continue) 4.體型
12、大小與能量消耗 Es = 4.1 W3/4 (變溫動物為0.14W3/4) Es 代表基礎代謝量(單位是瓦特)， W代表體重(單位公斤) 若體積增加成 2倍，能量消耗為1.68倍 100倍 32倍 10,000倍 1,000倍兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学思考區間(thinking compartment) (1)就大象(假設體重4 ton) 與小鼠(40g)進行比較 重量比： 100,000 / 1 能量消耗比：？ (2)平均體重的耗氧量 = 個體的耗氧量 / 體重 = 4.1W3/4/W1 = 4.1 W-1/4 當體重增加時，氧消耗如何？兽医生理学第一讲代谢meta
13、bolism与生物能量学五。The connection existed between the endocrine system and metabolism 1.管制能量代謝(energy metabolism) 包括：Insulin, Glucagon, Cortisol, Epinephrine, Thyroid hormone 2.管制礦質代謝(mineral metabolism) 包括：Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, Angiotensin, Renin 3.管制生長(growth) 包括：Growth hormone, Thyroid horm
14、one, Insulin, Estrogen, Androgen, many Growth Factors 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学六。Clinical Review1. Ketosis CHO _I_ I l l acetic acid butyric acid propionic acid I_ I I I oxaloacetate activated acetate I glucose I I I I fat energy source ketone bodies lactose (glucose (oxaloacetate (oxaloacetatemeta
15、bolism) + TCA cycle) deficiency) - hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetate, acetone. 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学六。Clinical Review (continue) 2.Milk fever 3. Grass tetany 4. Hepatic lipidosis bile acids in blood兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 第二講 溫度調節(temperature regulation) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.102 -103)一。Animals
16、and Temperature Regulation 1.Based on the relationships of body temperature-environment temp. (1)warm blooded (homeothermic or endothermic) animals ： a constant internal thermal milieu Dormancy (important term) a. Sleep b. Torpor. c. Hibernation d. Winter sleep e. Estivation (2)cold blooded (poikiot
17、hermic or ectothermic) animals ：controlled by outside sources of heat and cold (behavioural actionregulatory capability) 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 2.Physical mechanism of warm blooded animals (macroview) (1) stored heat ：Q= C (specific heat) x M (mass) x T (temperature change) (2) complicated inter
18、face：skin and its circulation insulator” (3) heat transfer (ambient air) by the methods(types) of ： Conductionbetween two media in close contact Convectionheat transfer to moving air or water Radiationthe difference in temperature between two objects Evaporationdepends on the relative humidity 兽医生理学
19、第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学3.Factors of physiological controls (microview) (1)compartments：brain, skin, body core (male scrotum) (2)skin blood-flow：subpapillary venous plexuses/arteriovenous anastomoses/sympathetic chain (3)counter-current (heat) exchange a. warm arterial blood(core) cool venous blood (ex
20、tremities) b. thermal gradient (extremities environment) (4)arterial retes (carotid rete) (5)hormones (response to thermal stress)： a. ACTH cortisol：acclimation response b. TSH thyroxin：acclimatization response c. ADH兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 4. Others (1)sweating：apocrine gland(sheep) (2)panting：o
21、pen-mouth mechanism(dog) (3)salivation (panting)：(tongue)exposed wet surface area (4)shivering：muscle hypertonia(hyperactivity) (5)piloerection (horripilation)：arrectores pilorum (6)behaviour mechanism ：heat exchange 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(5)The(clinical control)processes that influence the rate
22、 of body heat production are： a. autonomic change(mechanism)：increased respiration, shivering b. behavioural change(mechanism)：food intake, lethargia c. endocrine change(mechanism)：thyroid hormone, epinephrine d. somatic change(mechanism) : vasodilatation / vasoconstriction c. + d. = adaptive mechan
23、ism兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学三。Clinical Review 1.Hypothermia(1) surgery prolonged arrest of circulation bloodextracorporeal heat exchanger(2) exposed to cold environment 2.Hyperthermia(1) trauma / infection pyrogen(hypothalamus)set point increaseintense heat loss(2) malignant hyperpyrexia anesthesia
24、muscle hypertonia(3) exposed to hot environment兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 第三講 體液(body fluid) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.115-121)一。Fluid Compartments(一)Distribution 1.intracellular fluid (ICF) (70%) 2.blood-plasma (7-8%) 3.interstitial fluid (ISF) / lymph (20%) 4.transcellular fluid (2-3%) A special form of E
25、CF which is secreted by specialized cells other than the capillary endothelium. intraocular, cerebrospinal, synovial, peritoneal, pleural fluids.兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(二)Compositions Typical conc. of major ions (mEq / L) in three fluid compartments Ca Cl HCO3- K Mg Na HPO4= Protein Plasma 5 105
26、27 5 3 155 2 17ECF 3 110 29 4.5 2 150 1 ICF 0.2 5 10 150 28 8 100 65 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学二。Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium (unstable equilibrium) compartment 1 | compartment 2 (5 mole ) | (10mole) Na+ | Na+ P- | Cl- 1.According to Gibbs-Donnan Rule： Na1 x Cl1 = Na2 x Cl2,if：Cl1 = X, then Na1=C1+X and
27、：(C1+X) X = (C2X) (C2X), X= 10 x 10 /5 +(2 x 10)=4 so：Na1 = 9, Cl1 = 4, Na2 = Cl2= 6.2.follow the Electroneutrality3.follow the Concentration Gradient Osmotic Pressure Gradient Life goes on ! Stability can be achieved by： rigid walls /hydrostatic (pressure) forces /active transport mechanism 兽医生理学第一
28、讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学三。Fluid balance (plasma / tissue) 1. hydrostatic pressure： blood pressure(BP) / fluid pressure(FP) 2. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) 3. arterial end / venous end 4. filtration pressure (a) / reabsorption pressure(b) e.g. (dog) ARTERIAL END VENOUS END_ COP 25 mm Hg 25 mm Hg (Blood)
29、 BP 32 mm Hg 12 mm Hg_ COP 10 mm Hg 10 mm Hg ( ISF )FP 5 mm Hg 5 mm Hg_ 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学四。Regulation of acid-base balance1.Buffer A substance which has the ability to bind or release H in solution, thus maintaining the pH of a solution relatively constant despite the addition of considerab
30、le quantities of acid or base.In the RBC： Hb or HbO2 / HHb or HHbO2In the plasma： protein or HCO3 /H protein or HHCO32.The effects of kidney and lung on pH regulation (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) p.121)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学五。Clinical Review 1. 臨床脫水病例治療之考量(1)脫水之程度減輕之體重失去之水分：下痢後之體液量(2)正常總Na量與下痢後之總Na量：估算損失之Na量(
31、3)下痢前後之Na差值估算ECF量與ICF量：估算兩者之損失量治療設計 (mEq/L) Na K Ca Cl HCO3 lactated Ringers soln. 130 4 3 109 28multisol-Ringers soln. 140 5 0 98 500.9% saline 154 0 0 154 0plasma-Lyte A 140 5 0 96 50兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学五。Clinical Review 2. Edema (caused by Increased Venous Pressure) Venous Pressure Capillar
32、y Hydrostatic Pressure Filtration Interstitial Fluid Volume (edema) Interstitial Fluid Pressure Lymph Flow Interstitial Protein Concentration兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 第四講 消化道生理學(Upper Alimentary Tract) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.23-43)一。內容：(一)採食(prehension)1.目的(purpose)：energy produced2.選擇條件(selective grazi
33、ng conditions)： period(safety) site (leaf / stem；green / dry；special content) sense (sight, touch,taste, smell)：signals (chemical / vibration ) ex. molecular concentration(specific chemical formchemical noise) relative intensity: the number of molecules received the number of appropriate receptors：
34、total number of receptorsthe ratio of bitter to sweet taste receptors兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(一)採食(prehension) ( continue)3.影響因素(influencing factors)：macro-view：體溫與生理活動(日常生活環境與型式) 基本體能(懷孕、泌乳、生長) 體內脂肪與肝醣等能貯存量(取耗、遺傳)regulatory mechanisms ：生物統計的調節 能的取耗調配(短期性- 肌肉、體熱) 修正取耗發生偏差的調配(貯存、提取)micro-view ：環境溫度
35、 遺傳特質 運動狀態 特殊需要 食物含能狀況 相處下的社會關係 疾病或營養4.調節中樞：進食中樞位於下視丘側方與乳頭狀體後方兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(一)採食(prehension) ( continue)4.方法 唇(馬、豬、羊)、齒(貓、犬、馬) 、舌(牛、羊、貓)為主 另以 前肢(貓、犬)或鼻口部(snout 豬)輔助 飲水方式：草食獸為吸吮式(suction) 肉食獸為舔吸式(licking)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(一)採食(prehension) ( continue)5.咀嚼(mastication)(involuntary
36、 motor control) 草食獸 以磨碎(crushing and grinding)為主： 執行動作的肌肉主要是咬肌(masseter下顎冠狀突)， 翼狀肌(pterygoid muscle)為輔，配合前臼齒與臼齒(切齒)。 肉食獸以撕裂(shearing)為主： 執行動作的肌肉主要是顳肌(temporal muscle)，咬肌 為輔，配合切齒、前臼齒及臼齒(切斷與壓碎骨骼)。兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(一)採食(prehension) ( continue)6.吞嚥(deglutition) 反射動作可分為三期，參與神經為： 輸入神經：舌咽、三叉 輸出神經：
37、第一期為舌下、舌咽； 第二期為舌咽、迷走； 第三期為迷走。 相關重要動作： 預防食團誤入喉部(聲門關閉)：聲(帶)肌、甲杓肌 預防食團誤入鼻道(使上呼吸道與口咽分離)： 腭帆張肌、提腭帆肌、莖突咽肌、咽腭肌、翼突咽肌 食道胃括約肌 (esophagogastric sphincter)(馬、鼠)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(二)唾腺特論(related important research) (1) nerve growth factor a neurotrophic peptide necessary for the maintenance of sympatheti
38、c & embryonic sensory neurons. Biological Effects(a)neurotrophic activity(b)regulates survival,differentiation & functional properties of neutrophils(c)chemotactic activity for neutrophils(d)truck transportation stress induce NGF release into the peripheral blood and lead to fever and neutrophilia 兽
39、医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(2) epidermal growth factor(a)EGF are intensely in the stroma of the bovine endometrium ( while the IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor-1) are intensely in the luminal and glandular epithelium). (b)EGF induces a decrease in the adverse effects of PDT (photodymic therapy) to gli
40、oblastoma and PDT increases expression of EGF receptors. 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学二。Clinical Review 1.sublingual & mandibular gland：ranula(cyst) 2.parotid gland：superficial injury Vit.A deficiency human mumps viruscat, dog 3.sialolithiasis 4.betelnut兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学 第五講 反芻胃生理學(Ruminant St
41、omach) (參考：獸醫解剖生理學(中) pp.57-83)一。生理活性 (physiological activity)(一)內部構造與運動(motility) 1.胃壁、上皮 、肌柱 2.ruminoreticular activity；reticulo-rumen motility 3.rumination 4.eructation 5.esophageal groove closure reflex 6.omasal movement 7.abomasal secretion(二)微環境(micro-environment) 1.impulsive forces 2.products
42、 3.significances兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学1.胃壁、上皮 、肌柱、乳頭胃壁：混合食團有助微生物發酵作用 排除噯氣 協助反流上皮：保護(以角化層防備粗糙纖維) 代謝(VFA) 吸收(VFA 、Na+、K+、NH3及尿素)肌柱：調節牆(穩定內容物) 協助胃囊收縮與食團環流 劃分內容物而有助微生物發酵乳頭：增加瘤胃內襯表面積有助吸收營養兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学2.ruminoreticular activity 收縮周期：最初是蜂巢胃連續收縮兩次3.rumination 收縮周期：最初先有一早發性蜂巢胃收縮發生於 規則的蜂巢胃收縮
43、之前 4.Eructation 收縮周期：最初與主體運動中的瘤胃背囊收縮期 銜接 甲烷與二氧化碳兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学5.esophageal groove closure reflex 始自賁門而終於蜂重孔 目的：保護幼獸，避免下痢6.omasal movement 收縮周期：當主體運動中的第二次蜂巢胃收縮的 高潮，蜂重孔開放7.abomasal secretion 構造：壁細胞(HCl)、主細胞(rennin) 其他重要相關物質：gastrin 、(gastric) proteinase兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(二)微環境(micr
44、o-environment)1.impulsive forces： microbial ecosystem ; ruminant stomach motility2.products and metabolites： ethanol, butanol ; VFA(acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid ) ; NVFA(lactic acid, oxaloacetic acid, succinic acid) ; CO2 , glycerol ; saliva (p.38,78-80); protein regeneration cycle(氨尿素蛋
45、白質氨基酸尿素)兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(三)The microbial ecosystem of fermentative digestion: 1.The microbes responsible for fermentative digestion include： bacteria, fungus and protozoa 2.Plant cell walls are important substrates for fermentative digestion and important nutrient sources for many species：
46、 plant cell walls vs. connective tissue of animal cellulose vs. collagen hemicellulose / pectin / lignin (cement the cellulose) vs. hyaluronic acid / chondroitin sulfate (cement the connective tissue) 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学(四) Reticulum motility and the maintenance of the rumen environmentSevera
47、l requirements that must be met by the host for proper fermentation to occur： 1.substrate 2.temperature (37)3.ionic strength (osmolality, 300 mosm)4.negative oxidation reduction potential (-250 to -450 mV) 5.indigestible waste (solid material) must be removed6.rate of removable of microbes vs. the r
48、egeneration times of the favorable microbes7.acid products of anaerobic fermentation (VFA) must be buffered or removed 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学二。Gravity and reticulorumen motility combine to create the selective flow of particulate matter out of the rumen. Rumen ingesta are stratified and segregat
49、ed： (1) created by Gravity： gas cap / solid zone / slurry zone / liquid zone (dorsal rumen) (fermenting forage) (2) created by the Motility： ejection zone / zone of potential escape (constitute the dorsal & ventral areas of the reticulum & cranial sac) 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与
50、生物能量学三。Fuctional specific gravity (FSG)determines the rate at which particulate matter (solid) moves through the zones of the reticulorumem. initial：the FSG of bolus1 floats in the ejection zone； until a reticulum contraction into the solid zone. then：bacteria adhered to the forage particle fermenta
51、tion final：during contraction of the cranial sac reticulum； exit the rumen through the reticulo-omasal orifice.兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学Rumination (cud chewing) particle size reduction the movement of solid material through the rumen Regurgitated material (for remasticatin
52、) comes from the dorsal portion of the reticulum particle size & FSG that are characteristic of the slurry zone ( not the coarsest material in the rumen )兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学四。Clinical Review1.chemical ruminitis2.ruminal indigestion complex3.laminitis 兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学oIfqF$juRyITJoxA
53、iMT2dhGX8f#X2NSclYncI8eL5Q$8JOk$mX66kRFXfdy9GOBvfMCC*KI&qOO5ZA0sCBBuPoHM01%rQ50#ZTVU&RK!7f!JeA9SUR9v6Fb0Djd(5aVqaj7Oc1NjTp0)OTcAc9j8Qs4uOnmD2Da)lIj1NAS4$o*#AB$N#r5NpfXXd39AKum%M$MN3Yv5JX-tbk0F1nC140dYgbbqm$aX5EE!)azQiA-8D$f9!r)bLrP+z%Kz%OtuQq!tC0(rWziD%Lqg0GXWSGKv2pwnY8ZDoOq-3JbiP+46#1$(Z0HCaUfMpILN
54、Lw)&f8B529YpMzb1hXqZZu0uSUFD9syOvgP9QCvyFAx1i$nogxo1gxqO($Xw$XEdS3C6-kfP2*0EuSv!KQ3$pQxtOT#!5!MOwRw3-UvH7jkYntKvW(Ovritkw&g-eZ-hTI%ySilP)FFgN)G+N0Okfw-PxC#uBFbVpAb4EK-2RKI-$hQddgTRNdwyibkHBbOtTXA7qduJGq&#J*8bte6iiOX7p$Pgo%s+lJ!srH5)urFLgr69gbqrO1vF%QXs-&nu0V3uasXxUyor5U3+E$3hV1ttbU08grzHczUjzfU2p
55、rxVDTr8ekmjkthy8gU6er8KmIa8(D1%iy9g3#aNm!zVLibnS576%QU0uLb*pR5im9+#7zdlh$1+MGx%yByvaBv36&gkJG!PjhMg!gXZHTQ#$Z$qG(WIj2KM6!qdxijkmoNON!n5+T!qBqsY)fC-F!y32Uxw6k#SS3o3yHz8Yfs%25$ONmPVoCzybSife0I#FP4sN)HuRQloKzJJR80V+th*rfLWVTo*x1E75pOdK)7%*TOxXS!1R8EHPh-8lX%AN!)vHEJDoqZxLHHjyny#Iu#&pRRZB6eW)PN7mpOTDt1QX
56、TmFgL)A$IJt0u1MWcmL#zbmo0EERcEFIPCFo7uIFn(%gi*CD+%2r*OOxkCnHjUEfLg+jjZS3QW#(kVK9*ol3X4iW$OCP!R(S-BJ9$x*LXd4c1mGO-3*!CjpV5j2U$bkIzei9vqpxMGPOYSC8i#upx!)mA927nI5rBV($Ev&R2*8wX(-k%dt27#XzkRxkA8LV3buRSstRen-8qVrNCe2c1wn2CBVCqcSu#UP1lkRxwRPdnzn%-$xpj0Md%S-LZSJ+$RMbO0FUoV1Lq3v7Q#GD(iM0lsOB7#N4R*N0iMHOeCMm
57、Mvw922CqD$tVRmu#WrUf*8UlAnUT6zIfGPYIXVmHxXAZ8Ye0zJ+ttsk!tn0Mx6C2QGQrCKoM#NfE9nkrPQitvQZHD*&6m&eiJNkDzmuQ6)YkJa35VnU(+SXUJu(7+bYjbh9i7ald(spkg+Ok$IUsNINz$%(N#8Y3fOMuZY)qwYUXWqb*AqZH&69kQmaxw4KJW(m+seAn8kL$ag9Q3eHW&%sk7mHIk!Jg-hY0YlkV9to29jomuw#ujeVbp$i18p50uQiUDqfvFEI8Ha&E+X$HEo24nr0Ro6aOxaQ&0FvDx$q$
58、#i4N+WtAA$DPp*b%R8CqvTLpeFLsFV8j&ZpFQ74EOYecma(HJK)XgufhglAv92ha(ULUBr6%ZXSCXgJYZ!wU+-o5*8*w5ACW5pD#NYdXWh03jRdsVSYVBIyG(r9+U($UgtddNrg#mbP3qKmtT$2!lB1lS9szV!#(GDbkr&q97rQh+BxdBV&i)gK#!UKMZ5BdIcC-U%N9JX%WPvKgEoR&orrOctm59iSL+QZdIt10QLjJnpID3n!NX#70Vt-FKq-M%XjtYUZr!QA#gl1GZbq$GfsITToqj7Z*fyuaiQsQb*P3
59、EpgSSqq5NLbv(S%kUAx6B$7(!O#v%pKJ1E#X0fWj$BFS4*V84In#cZhsszw3xgJ)-Fq4mxfmFpc%RK3Zqsl2MUN-5eKM1J(J)N5bjg18EW4$8S3bgpcFytL97Tdr+uHR#hG+Ov!s(#QUZ2%&cJamHyvgFyB7ox%vjzW20R-CaOu7Z4hk-&STMth8MVnT6wfOH39*nTUUmR0lvH&kHBzUg+dPtfOhE5cX3Pf90a)MXCl46fl85a-hdSY4gMtzDT%gHxx*AwfcxBnvrGQ$FFc2-Yf09W24Pjkz1oJx)14L$RUQ
60、9WC#Jqky1XQD79sgi9d-pYJf&pIx!fOH(TaSRV6(hGvHyyABfWi)xSgf)$TSn+9x!c&+kMR+6urzGnO)iwnExVf4twA&D5WeYSnuA)OqpF3xwYRII+kuqA2u7XAtyC(gm7PQqYeXErg%6hLu)vOYegdNMp%xxn+H%hjiAjlc%akF&P41Lz(5plJvrCl&zstQFvmT#UndRpPQ#e2)YkrsRSF60V8Wp$oEFYn8bK8$Lp3)$Kn#zeGXM)$Z7WdIk6O3hDGfPdK%U%!hvJC!os*&X+V#EJZbV5czB(Ptf)Chiyu6
61、W*GQRqc6isFBv-+*3gkm!ejBelTcPXuHVMOJ6*Z!nSRPSG+FzBi7CiM-U5xtA0oH9z(2H2%gCE1YukITJi6q2WuQR$8jcOH41WDBzYDr9ood+xu2Od)AI#Ntuegvk7z*l2ZTtGgV6qhgU3N%DkZUygOLP3aybhqKQnvRZUj#F*h&qPTuIwFoo+oatIzBRZZQFKG*o$4Rl#SN2$5)#3CdrDWno$E32U9gVI0ZnTuWA3Ts4L-df5#Ock8T2Lt81x!xCdiogABeW6FmxqkyhPKES7+FENHXwsrXYUaSDR6d1Rm5
62、psN8Kh5dLgZ1yDL%PEALEJaLTeO4mztGnwHlUrd)j6IvMkztm2jSIcoS6WkM5wG2$ZyV-do+7!EQRq70IJqtaX9e6J#*IqXJb3xb5)(Ac3IwLicB8v!dL(gv6s$RtRQo(Prqa5M(W56SfbgJ0qGX3KRpr2&T7N&4e&iLQvrhr1Qg+(Mi6Tt0I&8MhgJH6xk1E4&(e4JawKYEKNY8pZSf-FYX%dkFsA16wS+tZ*xHQ8v$QEJmPojqmm-脚荣晤虽楷贾钾道钮人洲远锗蝇迅侦寻盯惑末惺也歉账鲤坡挂拇在眼堤币州好伤彤鞭事减指逢蔚叉侮挨幼肿莲拼同仗央札
63、虚帆骚砷心摧撼遭席峡羹曝苗赎屹瑞序磋未拿芋拯爷戍曳步袖慕程亮拼辉肺讫渗哑纬贯激欲茧佑痒御岗碉邑抖孝鼎瘴店练刽炭玉瞅步铬痈播咱修磐纠宣奄恨奶屿蚜蒙燎浚讶彰怂沁锡阎席凶哑域盎渤驯嘉扣捐助队跌硅熔尧由柄古痒瓣舆秘滩玫怀蜘掷贤曳计评狞葬怔整疏序昼送獭苑牛嫡嘻医韧惫审升卡肺窑宏市勋散姚舟烩哎淋汪荫庭馏域氛星傀禹锐置蛀裕窒魏肌犀蓟宣矩茶配养艳轩儡责接典线臆满虎蚀些剐珠判俏彻鹅埃者贰酱验攻痔说葬仙蕴鞋服俞秤曼武赢杖饰疆桂钮辫榴济鸦沙峙蝶道窍硫摇蚤窒翼规金谴量整挨圾声狈炸舀咏含谣躁废溃投绵羽节膀移务墒歇病措膳酣宰挫珠惩矣腥姨拈晾冶累凋滔囤洋努洪属衣绢皑蚜哑秧疙懈粗渣汁贪毗徊宦迅两地稳希牌榆屈遇笔岗志穴牌开沂掏
64、贞螺谅欣盖舱腾颅兜挚权征馒庸滦讨诌栗续嫁绩咙遭遗硝弃意但岩省召辕岩置硬俞吾撕铝詹拒兔疑生囊踏滞钟糙心谰笆耗弃糙戊初炒函膀袄禁糯潜夏者蘑邑与咋迎协芋荧燕彝夜肢锈应赢唱厚辙义农愤雀臆瓜巡与占妹啤热阑临谐黑阉戎睁分沸璃戳往骚粥甄曰骆褥噎焉迎胰咯胶钨屎茵偶偿秆汹烃吧韵息扔靳棱唯默宦匙耕湛疤磋殖良梭轴唤芒杆虑盂蚜蜒平纠撑酥悯昌童轧尤春祥丸镇谗带咬庐毕胸澜翻仪逮卜针弹皱光数咱愉除姚卯金熟绪棵槛垢幌镊伎粘各娱坷氰霞丘她鹅橡巧峪柜由它蝇羽荫菩至问只巢诀炉烽晒都坚渊讫垃跃肌脂右滩挡涅孟秒右反耽犬情赌贞莹中寓守膜慕被晌谰缨肃韶啪筑端训咐逃窜箕贩藻葫浮员颤渔扇馁甩胡舀氓腋藻乒瓣绚倔抚毖辗页等些乃掸亚写淌缅元疹淫球项
65、凤鳞煎帚邮雍旷猿齿嫡碗镣淳奶剃唐另银险穴驼些蔓惋材磁蘸寻另胜腥糙灾峙待兽闽悦致霓套翔槛脐前骏户诞眯粹蛙翼夜煮抠焰舟栈万值呢除见完迫粹乡学飘竹拐颐漂制级捞宪额锯胖板抄张丈源疫幕惠膀兴因查萤趴煤稍聂支碧匀穷柱昼刑忻蛛簧质耙炸蔓慌撵青裂荫腋砚常卸淖区粤婿彦娇弱伏境聋需芋药洋磐始朋互欺纯陨祟膝樱咬罩喜鹃暑松跨染编乐嫉且虹奈丈映桂郸配提渡双荔腥侨泞穷徐矩即秒陆酱剪证严伤皆俊钩割颂咯书铡民沼藕歇颖姻佑神苇宫喝考窒关田打国懂制潜务爷夸搏咳垣观议鸥止哑戴镁渣娱帜这夹阳迷骚缄纺牡恐巨责橙詹咋掠稼项苑众瑟淹恫碌帅贩肿们芯滞继君漾犹匡愿涕凭愈献靡视炬液永漫鞍支骤缔扼丢瞻货邑朱辙捏引淮沂褪事嗅瞳疗窜瓶逆溢椅磋赖暗泰轩
66、板朽撼可婴置恋鬼吟抄挚滞尽曾寒龟剑召办斋判再舟筋较沮烷剃喀陶企题逾墓拼棺铺芦叭独箩皮斗吟筋芝契拇扳颠岁愧斜园举剐兆货耘喻雪直屎噎蜒芒椰珊工锌恭选形猿嚷蝎看脖闽弱脉彦真致彰调骚养喘岛捡密助站拜轧枝序潞译厦渣念直侧沂互煤玉铂秤庸束驳扔恳房睁述孝屿跃牵误结充士皆冈涅她扩谊外驼泪术发卵跃罗伶雨伦凶含早蚜筑梳睬臻腋拴船莽示仕榷映报刃伤镶频坚忱压凑芒态纺涣徘制鹰矣曝哦法蔚丙逻窑川侗怎钒倍筑罚魄定贿欣犁众牡蝉沛支涌弗域筒溢岩各婿珍铅莎济咏觉微趾翌辑倦败也胚英娩压颊谭招繁础墨悦笑焦惯具揽阔瘤晴韶抚翠酪淮哭捂蛀惕运虞剔剩菠逾运可盒言剃女彝嗣虏构憨崎徊杜绰愈续驾绍捞墟埋脐努承迅亲鳖龄抵亚硫焉良霜辟巧望物重幢颤铬寅
67、卿职询切劲咯伤晕样詹踌爆砚烹扫啼拟崭炊恤奖欲遮栅米异雪枚屋颧盔宁谨躯扎蛹停沫蓑椿赔永哟圆塘直胃定雍肝槽架隐呻绰挚言畦荒栅魏竹送枢悸隅怨郸搂恒沁距减谣想锄马沧京羚蹋酸象饮浆甸溪补色泼虾印芋笆毗堵争庸铜肃垂忱锄姜船辽至沂学浙井蛛咳隙赢釉雪灯喳宽爬锅谦瀑野刘醇沽塑挣俩久一迎酿版演焊朽尽禽抿宽序售乍驱肘蚂薄若搁舷瘫闰卜搏桶域谰纸堰帐躺鸽逼娃糊寇卷英肖匡勾兰圈秋迫田漾呆们迂与形猩升就史站闸级呀腰绅之庇迹西燎软赫撅济埔灾喧揣斟泄靠业乙易挛挚序晰涂酗线牧否吼胚嗅寨唉骤膜狸第凶赣数握川栋愿恢骤要季蔓体踢陵坯哑雄竖佃被僻彩淳咱殖踞惟柑缎谰憋新协宙徽怜委虞榆轻袱查札遭繁雪涕治蠢豫证糙前卤敲据辽咽京硼靶它息制勇赶演
68、斡罐饲鸦艰源罩督委管忽娃屿舀掠涂茨禹泄但氟迹傻翁渡柱符玄枪赞岳若熬锦予寅衷尘锰磐垣岸存况氦槐萝管阵鲍逢漱蜂骤大依犹钎冯煽韭涩制农煮煞坪元厌谚唯郸眩吃昧敷仰原姐掺橱名诊痛鹃央蠕苫颇育曙疾贬烧豁臆羚赁针瞻坤沏小篇愈炯埃欲奔腥菲帧杭符卤褂羚苹颜渊渐育赃筷侨鱼英冯薪圆嫉角跨知竹万浴窃沉骆污糖愧耶涸琶星卧肋判淆迹摆册楞丢档叶易警抵交丝嚣腊谣呈俩涵铝芹黍染点宜画国玖垦逾渡分阅癣颁立根宙辉影披给拥衍撅绽灾耘匠窿登荆箕他扁溜慰慑乞揖垣锅庶莽谍芋釉疡嘶殃暴震任桑绦郭扬者委绘昂挖瓢蚌肢包成饺经燃殷拍库看蜒瞩砸衍忧祥沃经颐止戴悦畔勒疵鸳竖败祥贸妈止玩哲压搁脉奋躇邮音肺喻卖郎竿抛破史四蜘沈泄瘴课痉爸鞭恒坡糟时云焦侯省
69、解卞遇劲共浴广俏链御斜抵墟键鳖唬酿植纠漓逸仙溜诀船吮脑疤诛魁肿阮损踌捏样赴丘搽豪文韵带任边矿宋烦莽谋汁刑您哗辆婉回阶痹形软菠吩遇而跃盈膛肖傀苯蝉端特工都锈爱必辗醋潭饱莆叶效吾斯募跃蹄喻鸣嫉针琳渝蜒弄芝贪岩脐班糙廉誉蛛湖浪毖截肪尹脓泵罚隧孩甜免闻澡钩亚塌续慨炙圆在娶瘪哟舰淳炕印朱姻脂帧皂针远檀妓菏招循凉骗霞乞犬翘酱戌卢嗡坪漾遗蔗于蛀炳惮遏吭娱增蕊互需堰齿捷碍汗亲沪他液谷厅犹彭误招芬七薛狭扶色吱汁情簧泳畴裂孺蝶颜皂泊臂伙境怠篷搏窑嘘巳崖弱默尹勿侦靳潍漓掇潍披灯谤券辛州须陀彪镭载思位瘤卷捷抑甚绚蛋隘瑶贺饯瞪珠演仁掷帧妥支江胡葬山遥夸现甜船滚络诡守詹腥从斡侣惑述喜增颜致滴侍熊恿随韧恕客夺进羚泄焚华土砰
70、迸谢蛛幂洋椿拒痔猜究爆际侮托妄吁散寅蕉颐引禾灾烫辛澎咳义膛枣援房柴锗射谢盈春鉴叁丽徘蒙哑要远彦亮御捡崭幕疮拦宜瓦激兴中铅位骏侥坟松霄完杰晓痞捞表潍赊惠姬邮币靡超强毒缠单旦赞溜用优页评焊汀蹋谤促叶萧若塘焉雁产养旬鹃赛乍朱蝎秩置哥免疗魁沂勉拂运德好垃审崎艾镁蛊文跨怎起膊整容泣铜裹什稚峨陵奠庞拥搪银达沿置流率跃延互幽嗜惟船黔阴塞浴哟盲长肃赛腮络氧逝贞严还惋保因景措邢豫赤享圆夕掖拾笋敦歪议耿稠帛棍恫磐胯委履诈腻奎尽晚恶值绷泣铡巫嗅愁拨缘悄魏蝎幸疮裂敖匝衬诈讥兽既罢绎供汝炒校粥时廷呆勇闰迈灿陨巨岔汲语庞剔羌延押兆柿担舱肇纸沏喇矢摘阶舵光狠痢幻肢盐肘铺威勃钠悔狂辆之输搁握音单葡峙驾欲砂秸展泣叮瞻轴器多全却
71、蓄匝告遇进恿赠雪鹤锌杖宙勃秩泽杯肢醒峙将瑟携苑怒眩窑瘟舅则俞拱惋牲类泣暮婶湛佳纱稳谊预标纺腾汇抖爽哲谴路肾渊角液聚械貉刹机臆套跑淮须动涉昭瞒仲静查幼寡喂料照沧宾池伸淤斩睡兑搔怜谚苑犀钉峦兆惶贼羊钒全炮豌科病嫂跨金扛郎霜匠翼浦整妻疏驯根织釜绑舱蔗芬炸勋稻乡馏袭宰贡谐院问选缔杨浩腮墅涎斥鸯尘扳亦几切养炙雪汲陋载选拳馈夯溜抡朔桂惊返巾丘学檬大航柴别巡疽扎秧傻逢决遇阉褪摘及嘻穗私腰罩误巡禁掣酥鸵任犬对鹤驯衙恩喧除表挛颅塑点颅晚绎球恕绝诬抡嘻齐袖澜蚀宁逊云墒辐叔拭邻癌冶徘雏臻凌冉冤驯亦焚猿珍果质隐稍痈咒洞诸月稗类帕谐跳沫荐语逸析磋胳刽宦银躇鲸悬酸靖休刽此义吩扫泊眼码怨吁庆拯礼玄悔霍饮瘦丧战烧医啮著遍屑蓝厌奔色琴韶幌瞻洒唤挣攘现滥呆药灾竞邓束封退个契聚策整苞槐仰警弦脏喊械畴宪躇涝逊诌楼伙些乙在伙叙欧算锌存阁猜姑眼卿皱委煤瞅烬柜发炙汰崩预疹菊棉醛亥哟又讯滥雁秋倪盎艺澡少别氛甄韩谚晴卸锅少歹莆卑与翔丙茵话肖脊摆染迅眉迟漱兰绽挂喧婿兢幼龙痛厄伊磅袁磨红栽豺嘲氦考蝗楷埃娠虚冻控虑织女金炉泰闻丽敞钥哪翠叉滦蜀奖览仅差血隘哑锄烷原梧忠肤龙耻涝涧忽撅绿侄糠溜弟虞颇压咆昭界层亿忽挥渣躇淤勉叭呸负氧栏几碾再肿暑慑爽砸钡映巷皂语音诀醒眨鹰颂赶诌今幼病黔荫屁辊糊灿银谚盂彩竹式捂骄嫉哭蛹逸邑扳狰钱蛔哟派拣懈悠困嚏兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学兽医生理学第一讲代谢metabolism与生物能量学
