1 1. 概况（概况（West Is West））2. 古希腊文化（古希腊文化（The Greek Culture））3. 罗马帝国（罗马帝国（Pax Romana））4. 希伯莱文化（希伯莱文化（An Eye for an Eye））5. 中世纪（中世纪（The Expansionist Medieval Period））6. 文艺复兴（文艺复兴（Bridge Between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era））7. 十七世纪（十七世纪（Issues of the 17th Century Europe and Their Influence））LECTURESLECTURES2 The West• The Classical West• The Medieval West•• The Modern WestGreco-RomanJudeo-ChristianTransitional PeriodRenaissance & ReformationScientific RevolutionEnlightenmentEra of RevolutionGreat Wars & Cold WarDynamic Changes3 What is “Culture”?《《辞海辞海》》:人类社会由野蛮而至文明，其努力所得 之成绩，表现于各方面者，为科学、 艺术、宗教、道德、法律、风俗、习惯等，其综合体，则谓之文化。
Culture: The ideas, customs, skills, arts, etc. of a given people in a given period. (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1985)4 “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. ”--Marcus Garvey (Jamaican publisher)5 -- Sir Francis Bacon“Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.”6 Greek Column Capitals= the masculine style= the feminine styleCorinthianDoricIonic7 Caryatid (女像柱)8 Unit OneWest is West“The West”-- developed countries9 Terra (Roman)= Gaia (Greek)=Earth MotherMediterranean Sea10 Two elements of Western Culture•The Greco-Roman element•The Judeo-Christian elementTwo elements of Western CultureTwo elements of Western Culture11 •Place: around the Mediterranean Sea•People: the Greeks, the Jews•Language: Hellenic (古希腊語古希腊語), Hebrew•Literature: mythological, religious•Classics: the Homeric epics, The BibleOrigins of Western Culture12 •The Hellenic Tradition The Hebraic TraditionMythological culture Religious culture Polytheistic 多神Monotheistic 单神 Humanism 人文主義Theism 神文主義 Hedonism 享樂Asceticism 禁慾 For this world 今生For the other world 來世 Secular life 世俗生話Divine life 神明生活 Id (本我) & Ego (自我)Super-ego (超我)Duality13 The cradle of Western civilization?14 Flag?Blue and WhiteThe Hellenic SeaRestless wavesAphroditeΕλευθερία ή θάνατος(E-lef-the-ri-a i Tha-na-tos )Orthodoxy15 16 ChaosGaea (mother of earth) Tartarus ['tɑ:tərəs] (underworld ) Eros (love,sexual attraction) Erebus (darkness) Nyx (night) ['dʒi:ə] 17 Gaea (the earth(the earthmother earth)mother earth)Uranus (the sky(the skylord of the universelord of the universe ) )18 Gaea (the earth(the earthmother earth)mother earth) Ouranos (the heavy(the heavylord of the universelord of the universe ) )6 Titans & 6 Titanesses CoeusCriusCronusHyperionLapetusMnemosyneoceanus’PhoebeRheaTethysTheiaThemisArgesBrontesSteropes3 Hecatonchires[.hekətɔn'kairi:z] 3 Cyclopes['saiklɔps] BriareusCottusGyes(lord of the (lord of the universeuniverse ) )19 The birth of Venus (Aphrodite) — by Sandro Botticelli, c.1485 20 Cronus RheaHestia DemeterHeraPoseidon HadesZeusthe lord of the universe wife of Zeusgoddess of women & marriage goddess of agriculturegoddess of the hearth and its fire God of sea, horses & earthquakesgod ofthe underworldgod of agriculture goddess of plenty 21 Cronus & RheaCronus Devouring His Children 22 12 Olympians23 Cronus RheaHestiaDemeterHeraPoseidonZeusHermesHephaestus Ares Apollo Artemis Athena Aphrodite Ouranos( Saturn )( Uranus )24 EuropaZeusIsland of Crete25 EuropaConstellation – TaurusJovian Moon – 木卫二木卫二26 。