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1、大学英语四级考试 翻译题型翻译题型新改革后翻译题型新改革后翻译题型: :段落翻译段落翻译（汉译英汉译英）测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。 分值比例：分值比例：15%15% 考试时间：考试时间：3030分钟分钟。 内容内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展历史、文化、经济、社会发展 长度：长度：140-160140-160个汉字；大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准档次档次评评 分分 标标 准准13-1513-15分分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。基本上无语言错误
2、，仅有个别小错。10-1210-12分分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无重大语言错误。无重大语言错误。7-97-9分分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。4-64-6分分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有相当多的严重语言错误。有相当多的严重语言错误。1-31-3分分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没有表达原
3、文意思。没有表达原文意思。0 0分分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。相关。样卷PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyour answeronAnswerSheet2.样题 剪纸（papercutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（theMingandQin
4、gDynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案 Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during
5、 the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cut
6、ting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.汉译英解题方法1. 1. 阅读原文，理解原文，获得总体印象。阅读原文，理解原文，获得总体印象。2. 2. 处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语。理处理原文句子，正确断句，合句，找准主语。理解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系，注意汉英两种语解原文中的语言现象和逻辑关系，注意汉英两种
7、语言的不同表达习惯，综合翻译技巧进行翻译。言的不同表达习惯，综合翻译技巧进行翻译。3.3.修改，对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步：对照修改，对译文修正、加工、润饰。第一步：对照原文一句一句修改，看原文内容、思想是否准确表原文一句一句修改，看原文内容、思想是否准确表达出来；有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方；译文语言达出来；有无漏译、错译、曲解的地方；译文语言是否通顺。是否通顺。 第二步：脱离原文，第二步：脱离原文， 反复阅读后进行反复阅读后进行修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方，前后有无矛盾、修改。看上下文有无不连接的地方，前后有无矛盾、重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。重复的地方，有无逻辑不通的地方。汉语
8、VS 英语 不同表达习惯一、英语重结构，汉语重语义 二、英语多长句，汉语多短句 三、英语多从句，汉语多分句 四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，汉语多名词” 五、英语多被动，汉语多主动 六、英语多变化，汉语多重复 七、英语多抽象，汉语多具体 八、英语多引申，汉语多推理 英汉结构差异英汉结构差异连接方式：连接方式：汉语隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为汉语隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为意合意合(parataxis);英语显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合英语显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合(hypotaxis)组句方式：组句方式：汉语：动词多，短句多，常按时间顺序或前因后果汉语：动词
9、多，短句多，常按时间顺序或前因后果的逻辑关系排列，呈链状；的逻辑关系排列，呈链状；英语：常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上英语：常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结构。添加修饰语以及限定语，形成严谨的树状结构。1. 正确判断句子之间的关系，补充连接手段，实正确判断句子之间的关系，补充连接手段，实现显性连接。现显性连接。e.g. 在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词的纸，累起来可达桌子高。的纸，累起来可达桌子高。思路：思路：SVO=纸纸+达到达到+桌子高。桌子高。问题：累起来怎么处理？问题：累起来怎么处理？In that
10、 one and a half years, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor. 结构差异带来的启示结构差异带来的启示2. 掌握内在联系正确断句掌握内在联系正确断句我们的班主任姓王，五十开外，方脸，一脸的胡子。Mr. Wang, the head teacher responsible for our class, was over fifty. He had a
11、 square-shaped face with a full beard. 结构差异带来的启示结构差异带来的启示3. 正确安排句子基本框架，主次清楚，符合原意正确安排句子基本框架，主次清楚，符合原意原文：大家都记得1979年秋天，当这个总共只念过八年书、连英文字母也认不全，而且已有三个孩子的女工，竟然报名上电大英语班时，招来了多少惊讶的目光。They remember how many astonished looks were cast at her in the autumn of 1979, when this woman worker with only 8 years school
12、ing, little acquaintance with the English alphabet and three children to look after, actually enrolled in the English class offered by the local TV university. 结构差异带来的启示结构差异带来的启示汉译英的汉译英的基本技巧基本技巧一、翻译的基本方法：直译意译直译：保持原文内容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子结构，不是死译。意译：只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式，更多考虑英语的特点。如： 我们的朋友遍天下。Our friends are a
13、ll over the world. (直译)We have friends all over the world.（意译）直译与意译相互关联，互为补充，两种译法可以并用二、 汉译英的基本技巧1. 增词为了充分传达原文含义，必须增补词语，以求达意.北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。 Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace etc. 1.
14、 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I dont think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.Practice Please.2. 减词:汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个修辞手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二
15、是为了便于词语意思，或增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以搭配，或平衡节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，为常的重复词语或句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。要么累赘冗长。所以翻译时都要有所删减省略。这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天！让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧！Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution, of the peop
16、le, and of science.见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes. 长嗟短叹 sighing deeply 发号施令 issue orders 土崩瓦解 fall apart 两面三刀 two-faced tacticsPractice Please.情景没有出现省名词(省动词)3.词类转换词词类类变变
17、形形和和转转换换，是是英英语语语语言言的的一一个个很很重重要要的的特特点点，尤尤其其是是名名词词、动动词词、形形容容词词这这三三种种最最主主要要的的词类。词类。eg. eg. 他的演讲给我们的他的演讲给我们的印象印象很深。很深。His speech His speech impressedimpressed us deeply.( us deeply.(名词变动词名词变动词) )eg. eg. 你说他傻不你说他傻不傻傻？DonDont t you you think think he he is is an an idiotidiot? ? ( (形形容容词词变变名词名词) )4. 语态转换在
18、英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会使译文显得十分别扭。这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.门锁好了。The door has been locked up.新教材在印刷中。New textbooks are being printed.5. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译)分译： 需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。
19、如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was
20、a boatman fast asleep.(按内容层次分译)(从主语变换处分译)合译：相较于汉语而言，英语长句多，因此在翻译中，要把汉语的两个或多个句子合译为英语的一句，使译文紧凑、简练。对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giv
21、ing more details.从主语变换处合译按内容连贯合译6. 正、反表达翻译I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达他提出的论据相当不充实。The argument he put forward is pretty thin. 他七十岁了，可是并不显老。He was 70, but he carried his years lightly.II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达她来得正是时候。She couldnt have come at a better time.对于汉译英，你越细心越好。You can never be too careful about Chinese-English
22、 translation.7.变序 从译文的行文上考虑，有时需要对原文的词序作一番调整，以适应英文的修辞习惯，或者为了避免因结构而产生的歧义。例：到西安你可以买兵马俑、唐三彩。Unique local creations are available in Xian, such as the three colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty and terra-cotta figures.(“兵马俑”和“唐三彩”在译文中变换了位置，是为了避免”of the Tang Dynasty”在结构上产生歧义。)练习 1中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海
23、外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。key 1China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since Chinas re
24、form and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government
25、 will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.练习 2狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（
26、the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。Key 2The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and stre
27、ngth, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasio
28、ns became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.练习 3假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。Key 3The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese peoples co
29、nsumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development.
30、On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy peoples demand for an improved quality of life.练习 4端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。Key 4The Duan
31、wu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and
32、cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.练习 52013年6月20日在中国各
33、地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。Key 5On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers
34、 across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with t
35、he same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China. 英语四级改革后段落翻译练习 （1）原文：总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、
36、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。译文：总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.总结用review，在这里用了现
37、在分词形式，不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中，英文和汉语语序整体大相反，注意“经济社会发展”的表达方式：in economic and social development.必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。We must always put the interests of the people first.这句话翻译起来比较简单，注意“把.放在第一位”put.first。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。We must truly protect the peoples economic, politi
38、cal and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.翻译整段，必然会有个别长句，这就需要我们把握整体结构，表明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取，所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题
39、”，翻译的时候，没有完全按照汉语语序，而是把“关系群众切身利益”翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构 affecting their vital interests。注意固定词组与句式：维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益 protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests着力解决.pay particular attention to solving (记住，pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构)不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。The fun
40、damental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people.这句话翻译出来，也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and mo
41、st reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.只有.才.这个结构需要用到英文结构only if。后半句汉语很复杂，所以英语翻译时，用了两个and连接的分句，来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。注意固定词组与句式：执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people我们的各项事业 all our undertakings 英语四级改革后段落翻译练习(2)原文：和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，
42、人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。译文：和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭， 经济社会发展
43、遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and
44、stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.“和平稳定”固定说法：peace and stability得益于用了句型 it is due to.我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Char
45、ter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.“宗旨和原则”固定说法：the purposes and principles我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际
46、社会平等一员，以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progre
47、ss. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.“国际社
48、会”固定说法：international community 英语四级改革后段落翻译练习(3)原文：澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了一国两制的伟大构想。1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。译文：澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧
49、桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the worlds attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.本句翻译没有完全按照汉语语序，而是用英语特有的翻译方式来凸显一些值得大家注意的细节。South China Sea 表示中国南海，不是“南中国海”East
50、China Sea 东海自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。Macao has been the territory of China ever since the ancient times. TheChinese people have been living and working there for generations.汉语为一个长句，但翻译为英文就要注意，要分成两个句子。自古以来：ever since早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了一国两制的伟大构想。Early in the 80s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the gr
51、eat figures of thecentury, put forward the bold concept of One Country, Two Systems.注意“80年代”这种翻译方式伟人：great figure提出：put forward一国两制：One Country, Two Systems1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。On July 1,1997, the Peoples Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong.本句是个简单句，很好翻译。恢复对.行使主权：resume one
52、s sovereignty over今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。This year, Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return tomotherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people. Itsymbolizes another big step for the Chinese people
53、 on their way towards thegreat goal of the countrys reunification. Macaos future is sure to be evenbrighter.本汉语长句翻译成英语，共用了4个英语完整句。汉语可能任何时候都可以用逗号来衔接两个整句，但英语不可以，完整句后必须用句号或表示相同概念的标点。英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera秦腔 Qin opera功夫Kungfo太极Tai Chi口 技 ventriloquism木偶戏puppet show皮影戏 shadowplay折子戏 opera hi
54、ghlights杂技 acrobatics相声 witty dialogue comedy刺绣 embroidery苏绣 Suzhou embroidery泥人 clay figure书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术 paper-making指南针 the compass青铜器 bronze ware
55、瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术 martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of
56、 the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mountains and Rivers资治通鉴History as
57、 a Mirror春秋The Spring and Autumn Annals史记Historical Records诗经The Book of Songs易经The I Ching; The Book of Changes礼记The Book of Rites三字经Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay五言绝句 five-character quatrain七言律诗 seven-character octave旗袍 cheongsam中山装 Chinese tunic suit唐装 Tang suit风水 Fengshui; geoma
58、ntic omen阳历 Solar calendar阴历 Lunar calendar闰年 leap year十二生肖zodiac春节 the Spring Festival元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day春联 spring couplets庙会 temple fair爆竹 firecracker年画(traditional) Ne
59、w Year pictures压岁钱 New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle舞狮 lion dance踩高跷 stilt walking赛龙舟 dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜 Shandong cuisine川菜 Sichuan cuisine粤菜 Canton cuisine扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine月饼 moon cake年糕 rice cake油条 deep-fried dough stick
60、s豆浆 soybean milk馒头 steamed buns花卷 steamed twisted rolls包子 steamed stuffed buns北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck拉面 hand-stretched noodles馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd麻花 fried dough twist烧饼 clay oven rolls皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks火锅hot pot长城 the
61、Great Wall of China烽火台 beacon tower秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs五台山Wutai Mountain九华山 Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山 Mount Tai黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain故宫 th
62、e Imperial Palace天坛 the Temple of Heaven午门 Meridian Gate大运河 Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵 the Ming Tombs苏州园林 Suzhou gardens西湖 West Lake九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭 Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼 drum tower四合院 quadra
63、ngle; courtyard complex孔庙 Confucius Temple乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济总需求 aggregate demand总供给 aggregate supply企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image跨国公司 cross-national corporation创业精神 enterprising
64、 spirit; pioneering spirit外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter假日经济 holiday economy人力资本human capital航空和航天工业aerospace industry飞机制造工业aircraft industry电子工业 electronic industry汽车制造工业 car industry娱乐业 entertainment industry信息产业 information industry知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry国有大中型企业 large
65、and medium-sized state-owned enterprises轻工业 light industry博彩业 lottery industry制造业 manufacturing industry垄断行业 monopoly industries市场多元化 market diversification市场经济 market economy市场监管 market supervision购买力 purchasing power牛市 bull market城镇化 urbanization房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner个人购房贷款 in
66、dividual housing loan经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer宏观经济macro economy货币投放量 the size of money supply流动性过剩excess liquidity经济过热 overheated economy通货膨胀inflation抑制通货膨胀curb inflation注入流动性 to inject liquidity贴现率 disco
67、unt rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing软着陆 soft landing二十国集团 Group of
68、Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets软资产 soft assets有形资产 tangible assets经济走廊 economic corridor整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order反垄断 antitrust; an
69、ti-monopoly定价浮动 price fluctuations谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management信用支持 credit support英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism文化适应 acculturation社会保障 social security班车 shuttle bus相定迁
70、户 a relocated unit or household大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family单亲 single parent福利彩票 welfare lotteries家政服务 household management service民工 migrant laborers名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign全国人口普
71、查 nationwide census性骚扰 sexual harassment走私 smuggling性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination年龄歧视 age discrimination工作歧视 job discrimination享乐主义hedonism文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor盗版 pirated/illegal copies一国两制 One Country, Two Systems三个代表 the Three Represents Theory两会(人大、政协)Two C
72、onferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work和谐并存 harmonious coexistence计划生育 fami
73、ly planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education可持续发展 sustainable development廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency两岸关系 cross-straits relations两岸谈判 cross-straits
74、 negotiations领土完整 territorial integrity民族精神 national spirit普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences人大代表NPC member毕业生分配 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher edu
75、cation高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college)
76、 entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course选修课 elective/optional course基础课 basic courses专业课 special
77、ized courses课程表 school schedule教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus学习年限 period of schooling学历 record of formal schooling学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching人才交流 talent exchange人才战 competition for talented people商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 pr
78、oportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”(战略)going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人口老龄化 aging of population人口出生率birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education34
