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1、动词时态动词时态（Tense）语法复习语法复习动词的分类动词的分类 一般现在时一般现在时He is an engineer.How do you go to school every day ?Tom goes to school by bike.The sun rises in the east. The train leaves at 9:00 a.m.The old man always carries an umbrella with him.谓语动词的形式的形式: 动词原形原形 / 第三人称第三人称单数数 have do write study try stay destroy ha
2、s does writes studies tries stays destroys时间状语：时间状语：every, sometimes, at, on Sundays归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则1：表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)，如：(1)中的“move”。规规则则2：表示现状、性质、状态时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作时，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用，如：(2)。规规则则3：表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,thin
3、k,belongto,seem等常用一般现在时，如：(3)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则4：少数用于表示起止动作的瞬间动词，如：come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop用一般现在时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，如：(4)。规规则则5：在themorethemore句型中，前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，如：(5)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则6：在makesure,seetoit,mind,care,matter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时，如：(6)。【注意】在时间、
4、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If I _ (be) free tonight, I will go with you.Whenever he _ (play) basketball, he will forget everything. 在在时间和条件状和条件状语从句中从句中, 如如when, if ,before, until, as soon as等引等引导的状的状语从句中，从句中，主句用主句用一般将来一般将来时，从句用从句用一般一般现在在时I _ (come) to help you if
5、I am free this afternoon. amplays will come1.天黑了，孩子们才会回家的。天黑了，孩子们才会回家的。2 我发出信号时，就把灯关了。我发出信号时，就把灯关了。3 他一回来，我就会告诉他的。他一回来，我就会告诉他的。4 车停之前，不要下车。车停之前，不要下车。The children wont come home until it is dark.When I give the signal, turn off the light.As soon as he comes back, I will tell him.Dont get off the bus
6、before it stops. 一般过去时一般过去时He was born in Beijing on October 1, 1949.Last week we carried out a survey on taking a nap after lunch.Women couldnt go to school in the past.在在虚虚拟拟语语气气中中，用用一一般般过过去去时时表表示示现现在在或或将将来来的的动作。动作。 If I had time, I would go with you. He looks as if he were ill. I wish I knew the
7、answer. If only I were ten years younger.规规则则1：一般过去时，表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；如(1)中的met。用于表达过去的习惯，表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事，如：(1)。规规则则2：如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去式，如：(2)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结 一般过去时一般过去时谓语动词的形式的形式: 动词的的过去式去式(规则动词 / 不不规则动词) look admit equip smile stay looked admitted
8、 equipped smiled stayed destroy cry hurry go take hit destroyed cried hurried went took hit请找出下列句子的找出下列句子的错误.1. A shark ate his children and leave only one. So the father love his only son very much.2. Molin fighted against three sharks.3. Molin swam as quickly as he can.4. An idea suddenly ocured t
9、o me.5. Molin was very sad when he thinked his child was died.6. The turtles could lived more than 100 years.leftlovedfoughtcouldoccurredthoughtlivewas dead 一般将来时一般将来时谓语动词的形式的形式: will / shall +动词原形原形 am / is / are going to +动词原形原形 am / is / are + to do be about to do 时间状状语: tomorrow , next week , in
10、 two days归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则1：表示未来的动作或状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，nextweek等。规则规则2：表示一种趋向或习惯动作。如：(1)。规规则则3：表示趋向行为的动词，如：come，go，start，begin，leave等，常用进行时的形式表示将来时，如：(2)。【注意】begoingto与will,shall,betodo,beabouttodo用法及区别：(1)shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定，如：(3)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结(2)在祈使句and/or陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用will/情态动词动词
11、原形，如：(4)。(3)begoingto表示现在打算最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；begoingto不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。begoingto还表示有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。Ifitisfine,wellgofishing.()Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.()归归 纳纳 总总 结结Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Theresgoingtobeastorm.(4)betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等，如：(5)。(5)
12、beabouttodosth.表示“即将，就要”，在时间上指最近的将来，后面不能接时间状语。我打算周末去看望王老我打算周末去看望王老师。I will visit Mr. Wang this weekend.I am going to visit Mr. Wang this weekend.I am to visit Mr. Wang this weekend.I am about to visit Mr. Wang this weekend.我正要离开，突然我正要离开，突然电话铃响了。响了。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.be abou
13、t to do表示即将表示即将发生的生的动作，是最近的作，是最近的将来将来时。不与具体。不与具体时间词连用，但可与用，但可与when引引导的的时间状状语从句从句连用。用。固定句型：固定句型：be about to dowhen进行时：进行时： be + 现在分在分词 ( doing)现在在进行行时：am/ is / are doing过去去进行行时：was / were doing将来将来进行行时： will be doing现在分在分词的构成：的构成： going standing taking writing sitting beginningpermitting go stand tak
14、e write sit begin permit1、直接加、直接加-ing2、去、去 e ,加加-ing3、元音、元音+辅音，辅音， 双写辅音，双写辅音，加加-ing归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则1：现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作或表示现阶段或近期某特定的安排或计划.规则规则2：与always,often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩，如：(2)。【注意】一般情况下，下面4类动词不宜用现在进行时：归归 纳纳 总总 结结(1)表示心理状态、情感的动作：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,me
15、an,need。(2)表存在的状态的动词：appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)表示瞬时性动作的动词：allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)表示感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。归归 纳纳 总总 结结过去进行时过去进行时规规则则1：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生，如：(1)。规规则则2：某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，常用于由while引导的时间状语从句中，如：(2)。规则规则3：过去进行时可
16、以表示委婉语气，如：(3)。1-你在干什么？你在干什么？ -我在背我在背单词。 2今周我今周我们在学在学习“动词”。3他他总是向我借是向我借钱。4昨天早上七点我正在吃早餐。昨天早上七点我正在吃早餐。5明天下午一点我将会在睡明天下午一点我将会在睡觉。-What are you doing？-I am memorizing the words.This week we are studying “ verb”.He is always borrowing money from me.I was having breakfast at 7:00 yesterday morning.I will be
17、 sleeping at 1:00 tomorrow afternoon.They _ (watch) a film when someone shouted in pain.他他们正在看正在看电影突然有人痛苦地大叫起来。影突然有人痛苦地大叫起来。 常常见句型句型: was / were doing when正在正在突然突然were watching1.Monthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,which_thePacific,andwemetnostorms.AwascalledBiscalledChadbeencalledDhas
18、beencalled2.I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay B.haveplayedC.playedD.playBD说明说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平被称为太平洋洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。说明说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。3.Thelittlegirl_her
19、heartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost4.Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgone说明说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时
20、。说明说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。BD 完成时完成时: : have / has done had done will have done相相对_ 而言而言,就就 叫做叫做_ 完成完成时 如如:-Have you finished your work?-Yes, I have.相相对_ 而言而言,就就 叫做叫做_ 完成完成时.现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时将来完成时将来完成时现在现在现在现在 现在完成时现在完成时I have already finished my work.He hasnt come back yet.Mike h
21、as lived in China for 30 years.Great changes have taken place in the last 30 years.I have worked here since I gratuated/ since 2000.This is the best film that I have ever seen.Never have I had such delicious food.注意注意: 1. 时间状语时间状语 2. 常见句型的时态搭配常见句型的时态搭配归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则1：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。常与sinc
22、e时间点，for时间段及介词短语：during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(months,weeks),inrecentyears等连用，如：(1)。规规则则2：表示到现在为止已完成的动作，强调结果对现在造成的影响。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规规则则3：非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的段时间连用，要转化为相应意义的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用，如：(2)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结【注意】现在完成时与一般过
23、去时的区别：(1)虽然动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响，而一般过去时的动作与现在没任何联系了。Ihaveclosedthedoor.(强调现在门还是关着的)Iclosedthedoor.(强调过去曾发生关门的动作) 常常见句型的句型的时态搭配搭配1 . This / It is the + 最高最高级/ 序数序数词 + + that 从句从句(现在完成在完成时)This is the best song that I have ever heard.It is the second time that he _(come) to America.2. 主句主句 (现在完成在完
24、成时) + since 从句从句 (一般一般过去去时) since 1990.Tom _ (live) here since he _ (come) here. has come has livedcame用用just或或just now填空。填空。1. They have come back from Tokyo. 2. The teacher asked the students to learn the new words by heart . 3. The students _(play) basketball on the playground just now. justjust
25、nowjust 现在完成时现在完成时just now 一般过去时一般过去时played When I arrived at the theatre, the play had begun.We had finished the work by the end of last week. 过去完成去完成时We will have finished the work by the end of next week. 将来完成将来完成时 He _ (finish) the project by now.They _ (finish) the building by the end of last m
26、onth.She _ (finish) the book by the end of next month.相相对_ 而言而言,就就 叫做叫做_ 完成完成时 has finished had finished will have finished1. I learned that the earth _ (go) around the sun when I was in primary school.2.The harder you study, the better results you _(get).3.He promised to buy me a computer if he _(g
27、et) a raise 4.The boy _(do)his homework when his father came back from work. goeswill getgotwas doing1.I _ hardly_ my work when he came to see me. hardly when刚,就就2. I _ no sooner_ (get) into the room than it began to snow. no sooner than 一一,就就3. No sooner _ I arrived home than the telephone rang. 4.We _ (begin) our class as soon as the teacher comes.hadwill beginhadfinishedhadgot(注意倒装注意倒装)5.This is the most interesting film I _(see).have seen
