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1、 The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句2021/7/2311.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.2021/7/232概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定
2、语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句2021/7/233Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.2021/7/234先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when2021/7/235关系词作用关系词作用 1.代替代替先行词先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担
3、任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）v关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。2021/7/236 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指
4、物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which2021/7/237 最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mothe
5、r. (主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时) (从句从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)2021/7/238 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法: :当先行词是物时当先行词是物时, , 用用which 或或that引导引导. .These are the trees which/that were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时, , 用用who, whom, wh
6、ose, that引导引导.2021/7/239who, whom, whose, that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语2021/7/2310the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is s
7、trong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom2021/7/2311 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. 2021/7/2312Whom 作
8、定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语,在口在口语和非正式文体中常用语和非正式文体中常用who代替，代替，可以省略可以省略. The woman whom/who they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语2021/7/2313 The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind. (宾语宾语) The woman got the job. We saw
9、 her on the street.The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.2021/7/2314关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语( (作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A
10、person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作宾语作宾语 ( (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略, ,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.2021/7/2315whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is
11、 a teacher.作定语作定语2021/7/2316A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. which2021/7/2317关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, , 它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman .
12、Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.2021/7/2318that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意: : 关系代词作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.2021/7/23194.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 ( (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略, ,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省) ) These are the trees
13、 which were planted last year.The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?2021/7/2320applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.Th
14、e apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.2021/7/2321Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 2021/7/23221)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom w
15、e are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.关系代词与介词关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物, 用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)2021/7/2323 定语从句中需注意事
16、项定语从句中需注意事项 先行词是物，关系词只能用先行词是物，关系词只能用that,而不宜用而不宜用which的情况的情况1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2021/7/23242.先行词是先行词是 something, nothing, anything，litt
17、le,few,much,many, all,等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.2021/7/23253.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one, 或用或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, the very, the same, the last 作修饰时作修
18、饰时 Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you. 5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 2021/7/2326先行词前有先行词前有the only，the very，the same，the last等词修饰时，等词修饰时，只能用只能用that。例如：例如：This is the same bike that I lost.以以who或或which引导的特殊疑
19、问句，引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用为避免重复，只能用that。例如：例如：Who is the girl that is crying？2021/7/2327Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is ve
20、ry beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that2021/7/23285. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhic
21、h that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.2021/7/2329Exercise 2. 1.My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.2.Say all _ you know.3.Is there anything _ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.2021/7/23304.This is the f
22、irst play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或或which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat2021/7/2331先行词是物关系词
23、只能用先行词是物关系词只能用which不能用不能用that的情况：的情况：先行词为先行词为that，those时，只能用时，只能用which。例如：。例如：What is that which is under the desk?Those are the books (which) I bought yesterday.关系词前有介词时，关系词前有介词时，This is the room in which he lives.2021/7/2332注注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone, som
24、eone, those时，关时，关系词使用系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.2021/7/23331. I have a friend _ likes listening
25、 to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.Exercise 2 :用关系代词填空用关系代词填空2021/7/23344. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brothe
26、r.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that2021/7/23357. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat2021/7/23361.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who sav
27、ed the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.2021/7/23373. 住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.2021/7/2338 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：6.Here is the pen _ . (你昨天丢失的）你昨天丢失的）7.This is the best book_ _. (我读过的）我读过的）8.I have lost the pen_. （我
28、父亲给我买的）（我父亲给我买的）9.Wheat is a plant_ _. （中国北方（中国北方 种植的）种植的）10.I dont like the people_. (说得多说得多,做得少的）做得少的） (that)you lost yesterday.(that) I have ever read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China2021/7/2339关系副词：关系副词：when/ where/why2021/7/
29、2340 when 作时间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)she was married.It was the year.The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.When = 介词介词 + which 2021/7/2341where 作地点状语作地点
30、状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词介词 + which2021/7/2342why 作原因状语作原因状语, 其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) Im late.I know the reason why he sa
31、id it.why = for which2021/7/2343Exercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A.which B. when C. that D. on that2.Is that the reason _ you are for the plan. which B. what C. why D. for that 2021/7/23443.October 1,1949 is the day _ the PRC was founded.A. which B. when C. that D. on that4.
32、 Is this the place _ you were born?A. which B.where C.what D.that2021/7/2345挑战高难度！挑战高难度！2021/7/23461. Is this the place _ you were born?A. which B.where C.what D.that2. Is this the place _ some German friends visited last year?A. which B.where C.what D. why2021/7/23473.The house _ the famous writer
33、wrote his works is a museum now.A. which B.where C.what D.that4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.A. that B.where C.what D. why2021/7/23485.He told her the reason_ why he is unhappy, but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.A. why; whyB. why; whichC. that; whyD. which; why2021/7/23492021/7/2350个人观点供参考，欢迎讨论
