《公路设计公路勘测》《公路设计公路勘测》 ————高程控制测量高程控制测量道桥系道桥系二二○○七年五月七年五月 一般规定1.公路高程系统，宜采用1985年国家高程基准 同一条公路应采用同一个高程系统，不能采用同一系统时，应给定高程系统的转换关系独立工程或三级以下公路联测有困难时，可采用假定高程2.公路高程测量采用水准测量 在进行水准测量有困难的山岭地带一级绍泽、水网地区，四、五等水准测量可采用光电测距三角高程测量 公路及构造物水准测量等级测 量 项 目等级水准路线最大长度（m）4000m以上特长隧道、2000m以上特大桥三等50高速公路、一级公路、1000~2000m特大桥、2000~4000长隧道四等16二级及二级以下公路、1000m以下桥梁、2000m以下隧道五等10 水准测量的精度等级每公里高差中数中误差（mm）往返较差、附合或环线闭合差（mm）检测已测测段高差之差（mm）偶然中误差M△全中误差MW平原微丘区山岭重丘区三等±3±6四等±5±10五等±8±16 水准点的布设 水准路线应沿公路路线布设，水准点宜设于公路中心线两侧50~300m范围内，水准点间距宜为1~1.5km；山岭重丘区可根据需要适当加密；大桥、隧道口及其他大型构造物两端，应增设水准点。
水准测量的观测方法等 级仪器类型水准尺类型观测方法观测方法三 等DS1因瓦光学观测法往后-前-前-后DS3双面中丝读数法往返后-前-前-后四 等DS3双面中丝读数法往返、往后-后-前-前五 等DS3单面中丝读数法往返、往后-前 水准测量的技术要求等级水准仪的型号视线长度（m）前后视较差（m）前后视累积差（m）视线离地面最低高度（m）红黑面读数差（mm）黑红面高差较差（mm）三等DS1100360.31.01.5DS3752.03.0四等DS31005100.23.05.0五等DS3100————— 跨河水准测量当水准路线跨越江河（或湖塘、宽沟、洼地、山沟等），视线长度在200m以内时，可用一般观测方法进行但在测站上应变换一次仪器高度，观测两次，两次高差之差应不超过7mm，取两次结果的中数若视线长度超过200m时，应根据跨河宽度和仪器设备等情况，选用相应等级的光电测距三角高程测量或跨河水准测量方法进行观测 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