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1、The Green Economy and International Environmental GovernancePresented byJohn ScanlonPrincipal Adviser to the Executive Director United Nations Environment Programme2By 2030By 2030 Global energy demand up by 45% Oil price up to USD 180 per barrel (IEA)GHG emissions up 45% Global average temperature t
2、rajectory +6 CEconomic losses equivalent to 5-10% of global GDP as compared to the 3% of GDP loss from the current financial crisis;Poor countries will suffer costs in excess of 10% of their GDP (Stern)On a business as usual path2Source: Prepared by Stern Review, from data drawn from World Resources
3、 Institute, 2006The global contextMultiple crises: Financial - 18 to 51 million unemployed over 2007 levels & the number of extremely poor has increased by at least 100 million people worldwide; Fuel - rising prices cost developing economies USD 400 bn in higher energy bills in 2007; Food - rising p
4、rices cost developing countries USD 324 bn in 2007; Ecosystem EUR 50 bn worth of biodiversity is being lost each year; and Climate - current global GHG emissions at 42 Gt per annum - 5 times higher than the threshold.The global contextEmerging opportunities:Opportunities from stimulus packages to ju
5、mp start a transition towards a green economy: out of the USD 3.1 trillion stimulus packages, USD 512 (16%) bn have been identified as green stimulus. Opportunity from the global collective rethinking of the development and business models of the last century an overwhelming acceptance of the need t
6、o move towards a green economy. Support for transition to a green economy from UNGA, World Leaders, G8, G20, UNEP, CSD, OECD, CEB, EMG etc.What is a Green Economy?Increase in green investmentIncrease in quantity & quality of jobs in green sectorsIncrease in share of green sectors in GDPDecrease in E
7、nergy/resource use per unit of productionDecrease in CO2 and pollution level/GDPDecrease in wasteful consumptionWhat is a Green economy?An intelligent invisible hand.Domestic policy initiatives: Perverse subsidiesIncentives & taxesLand use and urban policyIntegrated management of freshwaterEnvironme
8、ntal legislationMonitoring and accountabilityInternational policy architecture: International tradeInternational aidGlobal carbon marketGlobal markets for ecosystems servicesDevelopment and transfer of technologyInternational coordination of the Global Green New DealSome Green economy conceptsA low
9、carbon economy: part of a GE measured by the carbon level of economic activitiesGreen growth: GDP growth subject to green conditions as well as focusing on green sectors as new growth engines - growth in a GE is green growthGreen jobs: jobs in green sectors, also known as green collar jobsCircular e
10、conomy: an economy in which the waste from one production/consumption process is circulated as a new input into the same or a difference process one of the approaches to a GEEcological economy: an economy subject to ecological principles (eg biodiversity & carry capacity) as well as utilizing ecolog
11、ical functions to contribute to both the economy and ecosystems (eg organic farming) one of the approaches to a GEUNEP Green Economy Initiative(GEI)8What is the UNEP-led GEI?Launched in October 2008, a package of products/services in collaboration with a wide range of partners - to motivate and enab
12、le governments to invest in green economies for the benefit of people, especially the poor and vulnerable, the economy, and the environment.UNEP GC/GMEF Ministerial Consultations in February, 2009 “Creating a green economy goes hand-in-hand with sustainable development and the achievement of the Mil
13、lennium Development Goals”.Financially supported by the Governments of Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United Nations Foundation.UNHabitatUNHabitatUNWTOUNWTOUNDPUNDPITCITCILOILOG8+5G8+5World BankWorld BankIMFIMFCountries GouvernementsKnowledge WarehousesJoint EventsIMOIMOUNGlobal UN
14、Global CompactCompactUNDESAUNDESARegional Technical AssistanceTEEBGreen Economy ReportGreen Jobs ReportITUITUG20G20UNFCCCUNFCCCUNESCOUNESCOFAOFAOUNEPUNEPUNCTADUNCTADUNECEUNECEJoint statements Green Economy Initiative componentsWhat are the key messages from the GEI?Place green investment at the core
15、 of the stimulus packages Include green investment in regular government budget Create public-private green investment funding mechanismsProvide domestic enabling conditions (fiscal/pricing policy, standards, education & training)Provide global enabling conditions (trade, IPRs, ODA, technology trans
16、fer, environmental agreements)What is good about the GEI? It focuses on the positive links between being “green” and economic growth/decent job creation/poverty reduction It promotes green sectors as new growth engines and enables developing countries to leapfrog into modern economiesIt has the pote
17、ntial to address multiple challenges facing the humankindEvidence of green economies2.3 million jobs in renewable energy now to grow to 20 million by 2030USD 253 bn market for water supply, sanitation,& water efficiency now to grow to USD 658 bn by 2020EU & US: green buildings to create 2-3.5 millio
18、n jobsOrganic agriculture provides more than 30% more jobs/hectareChina: 10 million jobs in recycling; and renewable energy output at USD 17 bn/year employing 1 million A global Green Economy ReportAn in-depth analysis and guidance on macroeconomic contribution from investing in 10 green sectors: Su
19、pported by innovative financing mechanisms as well as policy reforms: - Renewables - Waste- Industries - Forests- Transport - Fisheries- Buildings- Agriculture- Cities - Tourism- Taxes - IPRs- Subsidies- Standards- Pricing- R&D- Trade- Training- Market access - Education- Green technologiesIEG and t
20、he Green EconomyHow can IEG support countries transition towards a green economy?Well-functioning markets depend on well functioning institutions The economy working for sustainable developmentEnvironment as the foundation of sustainable development IEG Reform and the Green EconomyUNEP GC decision 2
21、5/4: The Belgrade ProcessForm follows function approachIEG reform in the context of environmental sustainability and sustainable developmentConsideration of incremental changes alongside broader institutional reformRecognised need for political buy-in and leadershipDiscussed six key objectives of an
22、 IEG system:1)Creating a strong, credible and coherent science base2)Developing a global authoritative and responsive voice for environmental sustainability 3)Achieving coherence within the UN system 4)Securing sufficient, predictable and coherent funding5)Ensuring a responsive and cohesive approach
23、 to meeting country needs6)Facilitating the transition towards a global green economy11th Special Session of the UNEP GC/GMEF Bali 2010International Environmental Governance and sustainable development:Inputs from the Consultative Group of Ministers or their high-level representatives on IEG reform.
24、Outcomes from the first meetings of the Extraordinary COPs of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions (ExCOP) and the lessons learned for the biodiversity related conventions.Reports on the JIU report on environmental governance in the UN system.The green economy:Recent green economy developm
25、ents within the UNGA, G8, G20, OECD, CSD, and UNEP through its Green Economy Initiative. How the concept of the green economy has been implemented at the country level.Biodiversity and Ecosystems:The 2010 International Year of Biodiversity - the economic, governance and science challenges to be met.
26、The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) progress report.Progress made in implementing the decision on the policy/science interface IPBES.25th Regular Session of UNEP GC/GMEF Nairobi, 2009 Presidents Summary“The status quo is not acceptableWe need to use the next three years before a poss
27、ible Rio+20 to define a new paradigm for collective action and to ask questions about the desired future and ways of achieving the principles and objectives of IEG”Thank youUNEP WEBSITES and PUBLICATIONSGEI : www.unep.org/greeneconomy Environmental Governance : http:/www.unep.org/environmentalgovern
28、ance/Introduction/tabid/341/language/en-US/Default.aspx Green Jobs Report, September 2008 http:/www.unep.org/labour_environment/PDFs/Greenjobs/UNEP-Green-Jobs-Report.pdfGlobal Green New Deal Report, December 2008 http:/www.unep.org/greeneconomy/docs/GGND_Final%20Report.pdfUNEP Policy Brief on the GGND, March 2009 http:/www.unep.org/pdf/A_Global_Green_New_Deal_Policy_Brief.pdf
