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1、UNIT 9 WHEN WAS IT INVENTED? WAS INVENTED: 被发明 结构: be (am /is/are/was/were)+动词的过去分词 时态:被动语态 (the Passive Voice) 英语根据其谓语动词与主语的关系分为两种语 态即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态 (the Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作 执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 am/are /is +动词的过去分词 ： 一般现在时的被动语态was/were +动词的过去分词 ：一般过去时的被动语态 Many people speak Engl
2、ish.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.(主动语态)The window was broken ( by the naughty boy) yesterday.(被动语态)主动句与被动句之间的转换 We bought some books. 主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语 Some books were bought ( by us ) 主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：1 把原主动句中的宾语变为被
3、动句的主语。2 把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。被动语态的几种句型1 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by)A sweet song was sung by her on the stage.2 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by)3 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by) A sweet song wasnt sung by her on the stage.
4、Was a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by)Where was a sweet song sung by her? 练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1 He wrote an article last week.An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history.History is made by people.3 Do people use Chinese only in China
5、?Is Chinese used by people only in China?4 They didnt visit the city two years ago. The city wasnt visited by them two years ago.5 Where did you make them?Where were they made by you?被动语态的几种类型一、由及物动词构成的被动语态 1、 有一个宾语的句子的被动语态主动句 主语（S）+ 谓语（V） + 宾语 （O）被动句 主语（原O）+ be + 过去分词 + by +宾语 (原S之宾格形式） He copied o
6、thers homework. (主动句)Others homework was copied by him.(被动句)The girl opened a present.(主动句) A present was opened by the girl.(被动句)练习:2、 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态主动句 主语（S) +谓语 V）+ 间接宾语(IO） + 直接宾语（DO）被动句1 主语（原IO） + be +过去分词 +原DO +by +原主语之宾格The teacher showed me a picture. (主动句 )I was showed a picture by the teach
7、er.(被动句1 )被动句2 主语（原DO） + be +过去分词 +to/for + 原IO +by +原主语之宾格A picture was shown to me by the teacher. (被动句2)有两种被动语态的一些动词:buy 买 give 给 pay支付 teach 教授 tell 告诉 show 展示 lend 借出通常用直接宾语作被动语态的主语一些动词:bring拿来 do做 make 制作 pass传递 sell 卖 send 送、寄 sing 唱 write写A bike was lent to me ( by him). I was lent a bike (b
8、y him).A letter was written to her (by her son). 合习惯She was written a letter ( by her son). 不合习惯3 含有宾语补足语的被动语态主动句 主语（S） +谓语动词（V） +宾语（O） + 宾语补足语（C）被动句 主语（原O） + be +过去分词 + 宾语补足语（C） +by + 原主语之宾格They make the city more beautiful. (主动句 )The city was made more beautiful by them. (被动句)He saw a girl cross t
9、he street. (主动句 )A girl was seen to cross the street by him. (被动句)注意：在主动句中see ，watch ，hear，make 等后+宾语+动词原形的结构变为被 动句时一律在see ，watch ，hear， make等后加上to。练习1 We hear birds sing every morning.Birds are heard to sing by us every morning. 2 His father made him stay at home.He was made to stay at home by his
10、father.二 由 不及物动词+介词或副词构成的被动语态主动句 主语 +不及物动词 +介词 +宾语被动句 主语(原宾语) +be +介词 + by +原主语之宾格She looks after her grandmother. (主动句 )Her grandmother is looked after by her.被动句 )My friends laughed at me all the time. (主动句 )I was laughed at by my friends all the time. (主动句 )注 :介词不能省略 =及物动词练习：请把下列主动句变为被动句1 The wom
11、an asked the policeman for help.2 The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3 Do they use the box as a table?4 She sent me a collection last week.5 The teacher doesnt teach us math this term.6 Did Lily buy her sister a hat?7 We often hear him play the violin at home.8The lazy boy didnt wash clothes
12、yesterday.9Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.10 When did your father took you to the park .invention发明 可数名词及物动词：invent 发明，创造，指事物从无到有。（近义词 discover：发现，指事物从未知到已知。）名词: inventor 发明者,发明家应用：用invent和 discover的正确形式填空1 Edison the light.2 The secret by him.was discovered被谁发明 介词by意为被、由、靠invented短语:
13、 be invented by sbeg The new machine was invented by us.短语: be invented in /on+年/日 于何时被发明eg 1 The computer was invented in 1976. 2 This kind of toy was invented on January 1st ,1999.短语：be used for +Ving 被用来eg A knife is used for cutting things. T: Whats this called in English？S: Its called a TV.T: I
14、s it an invention?S: Yes, it is.T: When was the TV invented?S: It was invented in 1926T :Who was it invented by?S: It was invented by Baird.T: Whats this called in English？S: Its called a telephone.T: Is it an invention?T: When was the telephone invented?S: It was invented in 1876.T :Who was it invented by?S: It was invented by Bell.S: Yes, it is.calculator1985Henry Ford197118851907WrightCrayBill Hewlettbattery-operated slippersheated ice cream scoopshoes with adjustable heelsJayce Coziar and Jamie EllsworthChelsea LanmonJulie Thompson
