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1、第13讲复合句一、选词填空1 Lilytold me_ (how, why) she didnt go boatingyesterday.2She asked me if I knew_ (whose, who) pen it was.3This novel is the most popular one_ (which, that)has been published this year.4Mr.Wang didnt know if there_ (is, was) an EnglishEvening that day.aplace_5I hope to visit Hainan some
2、day. Its(where, which) it is always warm.why whose that was where 二、单句改错1 Do you know which the way is to the supermarket ？_2This is the factory where we visited last week._3 Ive read all the books which I borrowed from thelibrary._4 The teacher told us the sun was much bigger than theearth._5 Sarah
3、 said she can speak three languages when she wasyoung._the way is tois the way to wherewhich/that whichthat wasiscancould 年份考点题型2014状语从句(as soon as 引导的时间状语从句)定语从句(that 引导的定语从句)宾语从句(how high Qomolangma is)单项填空 41单项填空 42单项填空 442013状语从句(while 引导的时间状语从句)状语从句(if 引导的条件状语从句)宾语从句(if there is a bank near her
4、e)定语从句(who 引导的定语从句)单项填空 31单项填空 36单项填空 39单项填空 452012状语从句(when 引导的时间状语从句)状语从句(if 引导的条件状语从句)定语从句(which 引导的定语从句)宾语从句(when the high speed train will arrive )单项填空 31单项填空 36单项填空 42单项填空 45再现中考宾语从句题1(2014 年广东)Do you know_？8,844.43 meters.Its a popular place with mountainclimbers.Ahow high is QomolangmaChow h
5、igh Qomolangma isBhow long is QomolangmaDhow long Qomolangma is点拨选C。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，由答句可知问高度，应用how high, 故选C。题2(2013年广东)Have you asked the policeman_？Yes.He told us to turn left onto Main Street.Its on the right.Aif there is a bank near hereBhow can we get to the nearest bankCwhere can we find a bankDwh
6、en we can go to the nearest bank点拨选A。宾语从句中的语序要用陈述句语序，因此排除B、C 两项。根据答语句意“他告诉我向左走到大街。它在右边。”可知上句句意为“你已经问了警察附近是否有银行了吗？”故选A。题3(2012年广东)Could you tell me_？Certainly.In half an hour.Awhen will the high speed train arriveBwhen the high speed train will arriveCwhen would the high speed train arriveDwhen the h
7、igh speed train would arrive点拨选B。宾语从句用陈述句语序，句中could表示一种委婉的请求，并非表示过去时态，故选B。定语从句题1(2014年广东)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island,the first thing _ he did was to look for some food.AwhoBthatCwhichDwhom点拨选B。先行词前面有序数词修饰时，关系词应用that。题2 (2013年广东)The young lady _ is interviewingLin Zhixuan about the program
8、 I am a singer is from 21st CenturyTalent Net.AwhoBwhomCwhichDwhose点拨选A。先行词是the young lady，在定语从句中作主语，故用who 引导定语从句。题3(2012年广东)There will be a flower show in thepark_ we visited last week.AwhoCwhatBwhenDwhich点拨选D。定语从句的先行词the park是物，在定语从句中充当visited 的宾语，因此用关系代词which 或that 来引导，故选D。状语从句题1(2014年广东)I wonder
9、 whether Brazil will win thematch later tonight.Go to bed first.I will wake you up as soon as the match_.AstartsCwill startBstartedDis starting点拨选A。as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，故选A。题2(2013年广东)Todays young people cant live withoutsmart phones.They keep their hands on the phones whenever theygo, even
10、 while they _ meals.A.hadCare havingBwill haveDwere having点拨选C。句意：现在的年轻人离不开智能手机。无论他们走到哪里，他们都把手放在手机上，甚至是当他们正在吃饭的时候。由today可知后面为现在时，while引导的时间状语从句要用延续性动词 ，故选C。题3(2012年广东)If our government _ attentionto controlling food safety now, our health _ in danger.Awont pay; isCwont pay; will beBdoesnt pay; isDdo
11、esnt pay; will be点拨选D。if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时，故选D。宾语从句当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语时，该句叫宾语从句。其考点主要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。情况例句当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导，that 在句中不充当任何成分(that 通常可以省略)We found (that) mom had knownthe secret.我们发现妈妈已经知道了这个秘密。当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用whether/if 引 导 ， if 和 whether 表 示“是否”，在句中不作任何成分，通常可以互换。如果从句中有 or
12、或 or not，则只能用 whetherThe man kept asking whether thedirector would come back ornot/if the director would comeback the next day.这个人不断问主任第二天是否会回来。当宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，用 what,who, where, when, how, why, which,whose 等特殊疑问词引导。疑问代词who, what, which, whom 在从句中作主语或宾语，疑问副词 when, where, why,how 等在从句中作状语I dont know how
13、 they made it.我不知道他们怎么做到的。Just watch what he does. 注意他做了什么。宾语从句的引导词典题分析题(2014 年安徽)Its so late.Why not write the reporttomorrow?But I dont know _ I can do it if not now.A.whyC.howBwhenDwhere点拨选B。由if not now可以推断本题在讨论时间问题。why为什么；when 什么时候；how 怎么样；where 哪里。故选B。宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。如：We dont
14、 know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？典题分析题(2014年河南)Excuse me, can you tell me _？Sorry, I dont know.You can go to the information desk.Athat there is a trainC.which train can I takeBwhen the train leavesDwhere does the train go点拨选B。本句是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述句语序，所以选项C、D 错误；根据答语“So
15、rry, I dont know.”可知，宾语从句中应是特殊疑问句句式。故选B。时态例句主句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词根据具体情况使用任何一种时态He says that hell pass the exam. 他 说他会通过考试的。He says that he came back yesterday. 他说他是昨天回来的。主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词用相应的过去时态She said that there were many books onthe desk.她说桌上有很多书。He told me he had finished his work.他告诉我他已经完成了他的工作。
16、如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实，从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时The teacher told his students that theearth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球围绕太阳转。宾语从句的时态典题分析题(2014年滨州)Excuse me, can you tell me _？Awhen does the plane leaveBhow long the plane has leftCwhen the plane leavesDwhen did the plane leave点拨选C。句意：打扰一下，能告诉我飞机什么时候起飞吗？根据宾语从句中需要用陈
17、述句语序的原则，排除A、D 两项；B 项表示离开多长时间，应该是how long the plane has beenleft，选项本身错误。故选C。宾语从句与简单句的转换1. 由 what, how, where 等疑问词引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday. She hasntdecided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? Could you tellme ho
18、w to make fruit salad? 你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？2动词 think, make, find 等后面的宾语从句可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：I think that hes a great man. I think him a great man. 我认为他是个了不起的人。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, that, whose, which关系副词：when, where, why关系词的选用1先行词指人时，通
19、常用 who (作主语或宾语), whom (作宾语), that (作主语或宾语)。作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。如：Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize. 吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。The man (that/who/whom) we all like is our head teacher.我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。2先行词指物时，可用 that/which 引导。若前面有介词时，只能用 which。如：The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。The k
20、nife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。3先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“的”时，要用关系代词 whose 作定语。如：The math book whose cover is red is hers.封面是红色的那本数学书是她的。4先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语时，常用关系副词 when。如：I will never forget the days when we studied together inAmerica.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。5先行词为表示地点的词
21、，且在定语从句中作地点状语时，常用关系副词 where。如：We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。注意：关系副词when, where 只能在从句中作状语，不可充当主语或宾语。6先行词为 reason (原因)，且在定语从句中作原因状语时，要用关系副词 why。如：Nobody knows the reason why she left this company. 没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。典题分析题1(2014年长沙)The shop_ sells flowers i
22、s at theend of the street.AwhoB.whereC.which 点拨 选C 。定语从句缺主语，且先行词是物，用which/that。题2(2013年河南 )A friend is someone_ says,“What! You too? I thought I was the only one！”AwhoCwhatBwhichDwhose点拨选A。先行词是someone，表人，排除B项；what不能引导定语从句，排除C项；先行词和空格后的单词无所属关系，排除D项。故选A。题3(2012年随州)There are so many girls overthere.Whi
23、ch one is your sister?The one _ hat is yellow.AwhoCthatBwhoseDwhich点拨选B。定语从句的先行词是the one，在定语从句中充当hat 的定语，所以定语从句用whose 引导，故选B。情况例句先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词等修饰It is the largest map that I have ever seen.它是我见过的最大的地图。先 行 词 前 有 all, any, much,little, none, every, few, no one,the one 等词修饰Please move out all the de
24、sks that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。先行词前有 the only, the very,the last, the same 等词修饰The only thing that I want to do now is tohave a big meal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。先行词是不定代词 something,anything, nothing, everythingIs there anything that I can do for you ？我可以为你做些什么吗？先行词同时包含人和物I can see many people and buildings that
25、are reflected in the lake.我能看到湖面上倒映出的许多的人和建筑。主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句Who is the girl that spoke to you justnow？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？只能用关系代词that 的情况典题分析题1(2014年河南)“Underground” is the only word in theEnglish language _ begins and ends with the letters “und”AwhatBthatCwhoDwhom点拨选B。句意：“underground”是英语语言中唯一一个以
26、“und”开头和结尾的单词。分析句子结构可知，定语从句的先行词是前面的the only word 而不是in the English language，先行词前有the only 修饰时，定语从句应用that 引导。故选B。题2(2013年安徽 )I still remember the college and theteachers _ I visited in London years ago.A.whatCthatBwhoDwhich点拨选C。分析句子结构可知先行词是the college and theteachers，既包括人又包括物，所以关系词只能用that，而不能用which，所
27、以选C。状语从句如果句子在复合句中作状语，则该句叫状语从句。其考点是各类状语从句的引导词及主从句时态一致的问题。时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有 when (当时), as (当时),while (当时), till/until (直到), since (自从以来),before (在 之前 ), after (在之后 ), as soon as (一 就), by the time (到时)等。引导词用法例句when表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。when 引导的时间状语从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，多用一般过去时They were tal
28、king happilywhen I walked past thedoor.当我走过门口时，他们正谈得很开心。while强调主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生，所引导的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，且多用进行时态My mother was cookingwhile I was doing myhomework.我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。as表示“一边一边”，强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词As they walked along thelake, they sang happily.他们一边沿着湖边走，一边高兴地
29、唱歌。1when, while 和 as 引导的从句引导词用法例句till若主句的谓语动词为延续性动词，则主句用肯定式或否定式皆可，只是意思不同He ran till it rained. 他一直跑直到下雨。He didnt run till it rained.直到下雨了，他才开始跑。until若主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式The bus wont start untileverybody gets on. 公 共 汽车直到每个人都上车了才会发动。2.till/until 引导的从句3.since 引导的从句since 表示“自从以来”，主句谓语动词一般用现在
30、完成时，从句谓语动词一般用过去时。如：The family has lived in the old house since the father died. 自从父亲过世，这家人就一直住在这栋老房子里。4before 和 after 引导的从句before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。如：We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。5as soon as 引导的
31、从句as soon as 表示“一就”，若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。如：I will throw away the broken shoes as soon as I buy a new one.等我一买到新鞋，我就会把这双破鞋扔掉。典题分析题1(2014 年重庆B卷)Your uncle will come to see you assoon as he _ here.AarrivesCwill arriveBarrivedDis arriving点拨选A。根据as soon as 和will 可知符合主将从现原则。题2(2013年菏泽)_ the children hav
32、e fun, parentscan take dance lessons on the beach.AWhenCWhileBIfDOnce点拨选C。句意：当孩子们开心玩的时候，家长们可以在海滩上参加舞蹈课。while引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”，句中谓语动词通常是延续性动词。且结合语境可知本句强调主从句动作同时进行。题3(2012年盐城)The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when he saw it.AtravelsCwas travelingBtraveledD.has traveled点拨选C。根据时间状语从句when he s
33、aw it 可知，表示在过去的某一时间正在发生的动作用过去进行时态，故选C。原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有 because (因为), since (因为，既然), as (因为，由于), for (因为)等。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。Since you are free, you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。David just waited there as he didnt know what to do. 因为不知道该做什么，大卫就等在那儿。
34、The Smiths had to start early, for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。注意：because 和so不能同时使用。典题分析题1I wont be able to understand what you say, _you speak too quickly.AifCbecauseBthoughDso点拨选C。该句句意为“我不能明白你所说的话，因为你说得太快了。”故此处表原因，所以选C。题2You are sure to pass the exam _ you study hard.A.whenCt
35、hatBthoughDsince点拨选D。since 连接表示原因的状语从句。此处根据上下文可以得出 since 意为“因为”，连接原因状语从句，句意为“因为你努力学习了，所以你一定能通过这次考试。”故选D。地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有 where (哪里), wherever (无论哪里)。如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气比较清新的地方。Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you. 无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。典题分析题_ there is no rain,
36、farming is difficult orimpossible.AWhenCWhatBWhereDHow点拨选B。由句意“在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或不可能的。”可知表示地点，故选B。条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有 if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要)等。在条件状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，从句可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：He will return if he finds the truth.如果发现真相，他就会返回。典题分析题1(2014 年重庆A卷 )In Chongqing, you can often seemany
37、people dance outside together if it _ in the evening.A.rainsCwill rainBdoesnt rainDwont rain点拨选B。根据主将从现原则，排除C、D 两项，再由often see people dance 可知是不下雨才能有人跳舞，排除A项。故选B。题2(2013 年凉山)Would you like to go shopping withme, Carmen?Id love to, _ you dont want to go alone.AuntilBbeforeCif点拨选C。答语意为“如果你不想独自去，我乐意跟你去
38、。”条件状语从句用 if 引导，故选C。比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有 as.as (和一样), than (比)等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有 so that (以便), in order that (为了)等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboardclearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。典题分析题1The teacher speaks very loudly _ all thestude
39、nts can hear her.Aso thatCsinceBbecauseDwhen点拨A。句意为“这个老师说话声音很大，以便所有的学生都能听到他。”这是一个以 so that 引导的目的状语从句，故选 A。题2We should go by bus _ we can get there earlier.A.as soon asCin order thatBwhereDas点拨选C。in order that 意为“为了，以便”，该句句意为“为了早点到那儿，我们应当乘公共汽车去那儿。”故答案选C。结果状语从句结 果状语 从句的引导词有 so/such.that.( 如 此 以 至于)等。注
40、意：so.that.和 such.that.的区别：(1)so.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“so形容词/副词that 从句”。如：She is so beautiful that we all like her. 她如此美丽以至于我们都喜欢她。(2)such.that 引导结果状语从句的结构为“such (a/an)形容词可数名词/不可数名词that 从句”。如：Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天气如此之好，以至于我们每个人都想去爬山。They are such lovely flowers
41、 that the girl buys all of them. 这些花如此漂亮，以至于女孩把它们全买了下来。(3)当名词前有 much, many, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so。如：There is so much water left that its enough for a 7-day trip.所剩的水还很多，足够维持七天的旅程。(4)当 little 意为“小”时，仍用 such。如：They are such little sheep that we are worrying about whetherthey can survive the winter.这
42、些羊这么瘦小，我们都担心它们是否能熬过冬天。典题分析题1It is _ hot in the room _ we have to goout for a walk.A.such; thatCas; asBso; thatDsuch; as点拨选B。以 so.that 引导结果状语从句，句意为“屋里如此炎热，我们不得不到外面散步。”故答案选B。He has _ an interesting book that we want to题2read it.AsoCthe sameBsuchDas点拨选B。以such.that 引导的结果状语从句的句型为“sucha/anadj.n.that 从句”，此
43、处an interesting book前要用such 修饰，故答案选B。让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有though/although ( 虽然 ), eventhough/if (即使，尽管)等。如：Although/Though shes not beautiful, shes kind and sincere.虽然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。注意：although/though 不能和 but 连用。典题分析_ he is very young, _ he knows some题languages.A.Though, butC.Although, /BAlthough, butDAlthough, though点拨选C。这是由though/although 引导的让步状语从句，且though/although 不能和but 连用，故选C。
