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1、模块模块4Unit 12Culture Shock.重点单词1owe vt.欠(债)归纳拓展阅读下列句子，归纳owe的搭配及其意思。(1)How much do I owe you for the groceries? 买这些杂货我得给你多少钱？(2)I owed my teachers and parents a great deal for their help and my wife for her support.我非常感激老师及父母的帮助与妻子的支持。(3)Tom helped me with my math problem and I owed_a_favor_to him.汤姆帮
2、助我解决了数学难题，我欠他一个人情。(4)Owing_to a lack of funds，the project will not continue next year.由于缺乏资金，该项目明年将终止。表“由于、因为”的词语有：owing to，because of，due to，thanks to，on account of，as a result of等。(1)owing to “由于，因为”，作表语或状语。 It was owing to the snow that we did not come.我们没有来是因为下雪的缘故。(2)because of “由于，因为”，作状语。Beca
3、use of these，he failed.由于这些事情，他失败了。(3)due to “由于，因为”，作表语或状语，不可放于句首。The flight was cancelled due to the fog.航班因为大雾而停航。(4)on account of “由于，因为”，作状语。 We stayed inside on account of the rain.因为下雨我们就待在室内。(5)as a result of “由于，因为”，作状语。I arrived late as a result of the heavy traffic.因为交通拥挤，我迟到了。(6)thanks t
4、o “多亏，幸亏”，作状语。 Thanks to his help，I passed the exam.多亏他的帮助我才能通过考试。A翻译下列词组。(1)owe sth.to sb.for sth.owe sb.sth._(2)owe sth.to sb.owe sb.sth. _(3)owing to _答案：(1)欠债，欠账(2)欠情；把归功于；归功于(3)因为，由于B完成下列句子。(1)I owe you 30 pounds_milk and potatoes.(2)He still_(欠我80美元) for my work.(3)_(因为下雨)，we couldnt come.(4)多
5、亏有了你我才能活下来。I_that I am still alive.(5)我的成功应该归功于我的老师。I_my teachers.答案：(1)for(2) owes me $80(3)Owing to/Because of the rain(4)owe it to you(5)owe my success to2absorb vt.吸收 (take or suck in)；全神贯注归纳拓展 absorb sb./ones attention吸引某人/某人的注意力 absorb heat/light吸收热量/光 be absorbed by被吞并，为所吸收 be absorbed in专心致志
6、于，全神贯注于完成下列句子。(1)黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。Black walls _ during the day.(2)这种乳霜易被皮肤吸收。The cream is easily _ the skin.(3)她好像完全被这本书迷住了。She seemed totally _ her book.(4)拐角处的那个人吸引了我的注意力。The man in the corner _.答案：(1)absorb a lot of heat(2)absorbed by(3)absorbed in(4)absorbed my attention3exchange v& n交换归纳拓展in excha
7、nge for以交换，作为的交换exchange sth.with sb.和某人交换某物exchange A for B用A换Bexchange ideas/views/opinions交换意见exchange experience交流经验完成下列句子。(1)你可以在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。You can _ your currency _ dollars in the hotel.(2)如果你愿意代我照看孩子，我就把这个报告给你打出来。I will type your report if you will babysit_.(3)中国的许多学校和外国的学校进行了交流。Many schools
8、 in China _ foreign schools.(4)他和我交换了书包。He _.答案：(1)exchange；for (2)in exchange (3)do exchanges with(4)exchanged his bag with me4request n& vt.请求归纳拓展 requestn./pron.of/from sb.向某人要求某物 request sb.(not) to do sth.要求某人做(不做)某事 Its requested that.要求，that从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)do”的形式 at the request of sb./a
9、t sb.s request在某人的要求下 by request按要求完成下列句子。(1)他要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。He _ that no one _ of her decision.(2)我只要求你好好学习。All I _ is that you _ hard.(3)我是应你的要求而来的。I came _.(4)牛奶生产厂家不得添加三聚氰胺。Those factories producing milk _ to add any melamine.(5)We request him to help us while we are in trouble.(句型转换)_(6)Her req
10、uest_money was turned down by the trustees.(7)We made a request to them_aid.(8) I bought it_your request.答案：(1)requested；(should) be told(2)request of；(should) study(3)at your request(4)are requested not(5)We request that he should help us while we are in trouble./Its requested that he should help u
11、s while we are in trouble.(6)for(7)for(8)at5familiar adj.熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的归纳拓展sth.be familiar to sb.某物对某人来说是熟悉的sb.be familiar with sth.某人对某物熟悉词语辨析：词语辨析：be familiar with/be familiar to(1)be familiar with意思为意思为“对对熟悉的；对熟悉的；对通晓的通晓的”，其主语通常是指，其主语通常是指“人人”的名词或代词，的名词或代词，with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。(2)be fami
12、liar to意思为意思为“为某人所熟悉的为某人所熟悉的”，其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物，其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物，to后的宾语常是指后的宾语常是指“人人”的名词或代词。的名词或代词。选用适当的介词完成下列句子。(1)我熟悉这个城镇的每一个角落，因为我已在此住了近十年。Im familiar _ every corner of the town，because I have lived here for nearly ten years.(2)大多数孩子都熟悉这本书。The book is familiar_ most children.(3)我不太熟悉植物学方面的名称。I am not
13、very familiar _ botanical names.(4)This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.(句型转换)I am very _ this nursery rhyme.答案：(1)with(2)to(3)with(4)familiar with6lively adj.有生气的，活泼的，热闹的归纳拓展alive adj.活着的，在世的(只作表语、补、后置定语)living adj.活着的，有生命的(作前置定语和表语)live adj.&adv.活的(只能在动物前面作定语)；现场直播the living 活着的人(与the dead相对)
14、选用上述几个单词完成下列句子。(1)She is a_child and popular with everyone.(2)Mr. Wang was still_after the powerful earthquake.(3)More than 10,000 people were buried_during the earthquake.(4)He is the best_pianist.(5)There is no_fish in this pool.答案：(1)lively(2)alive/living(3)alive(4)living(5)live/living.重点短语1see.o
15、ff(去车站、机场等)给(某人)送行；赶走归纳拓展see off 送行see sth.through 看穿，识破；进行到底 see sb.through sth.帮助某人渡过see to sb./sth.处理(某事)；照顾，关照(某人)see to it that 确保；务必使seeing that 鉴于，因为 选用上述词组的正确形式完成下列句子。(1)I _ him _ at the airport yesterday.(2)Her courage and good humor _(让她挺了过来)(3)The door is broken， and we will have to get i
16、t _.(4)Whatever happens， we will _ the struggle _.(5)_ he says so，it must be true.(6)Would you _ the children get a hot meal after their swim?答案：(1)saw；off(2)saw her through(3)seen to(4)see；through(5)Seeing that(6)see to it that2be attached to 依恋，喜爱；附属于归纳拓展attach vt.贴上，系上；使依附，使附属attached adj.依恋的，附加的
17、总结下列句中attach及其搭配的意思和用法。(1)I attached a label to each bag.(把系/缚/附在之上)(2)I attach_great_importance_to this research.(认为有重要性/意义/价值/分量)(3)You will be_attached_to this department until the end of the year.(使隶属于)(4)Weve grown very attached_to this house and would hate to move.(依恋/爱慕/留恋某人或某物)(5)The middle
18、school is_attached_to Beijing Normal University.(附属于)完成下列句子。(1)他们在协议上附加了一些条件。They have _ a number of conditions _the agreements.(2)你认为他说的话重要吗？Do you _ what he said? (3)我从没有见过两个人如此如胶似漆。Ive never seen two people so_.答案：(1)attached；to(2)attach any importance to(3)attached to each other3insist on (doing
19、) sth.坚持/主张做某事归纳拓展persist in常指固执己见或坚持不改stick to n./pron. 坚持(原则、决定、计划、诺言、意见)完成下列句子。(1)他坚持要我跟他一起去。He_.(2)如果你再继续违法的话，你会坐牢的。If you_the law，you will go to prison.(3)我已作出了决定，而且我会坚守这一立场。I have made my decision and Im going to_.答案：(1)insisted on my going with him/insisted that I (should) go with him(2)persi
20、st in breaking(3)stick to it4forgive sb.for doing sth.原谅某人做了某事归纳拓展forgive sb.(for sth./doing sth.)原谅某人(所做的事)sb.could/might be forgiven for doing sth.某人做了某事是可以理解的ask for/beg forgiveness for请求原谅某事完成下列句子。(1)请原谅他的粗鲁，不过他不是有意的。_ him _ his rudeness，but he did not mean it.(2)请原谅我这么说，但我认为那是胡说八道。_，but I think
21、 thats nonsense.(3)她把玻璃打破了，请求原谅。She _ breaking the glass.(4)他虽然没有来参加会议但却是可以理解的。He _ not going to the meeting.答案：(1)Forgive；for(2)Please forgive me for saying so(3)asked for forgiveness for(4)could be forgiven for5put/bring an end to 结束，终止归纳拓展put/bring an end toput/bring.to an end与end相关的短语和组合还有：come
22、to an end 结束at an end 结束，终了at the end of 在末，在结尾by the end of 到为止in the end 最后to the end 到底without end 没完没了end (sth.) with sth.以结束end up 最终成为，最后处于词语辨析：词语辨析：at the end of/by the end of/in the end(1)at the end of意思为意思为“在在末，在末，在结尾结尾”，后可接表时间或空间的名词。，后可接表时间或空间的名词。(2)by the end of意思为意思为“到到为止为止”，后只接表时间的名词。，后
23、只接表时间的名词。by the end of last.用于过去完成时，用于过去完成时，by the end of next.用于将来完成时。用于将来完成时。(3)in the end意思为意思为“最后，终于最后，终于”，不和，不和of连用。连用。选用上述词组的正确形式完成下列句子。(1)When the meeting _，they all rose and left.(2)We were very happy when the quarrel was _.(3)Go straight and you will find the hospital _ the road.(4)We must
24、fight _.(5)You must _ this foolish behavior.(6)Im bored because there is trouble _.(7)He managed to do it _.(8)_ last term，we had learned 5,000 English words.(9)He _ his speech _ “Thank you”(10)If he carries on driving like that，he will _ dead.答案：(1)came to an end(2)at an end(3)at the end of(4)to th
25、e end(5)bring/put an end to(6)without end(7)in the end(8)By the end of(9)ended；with(10)end up.重点句型1There is so much here that is different from home.这儿的很多事情与国内不一样。归纳拓展句型：There is so much that.有如此多的。说明：that引导定语从句并在从句中做主语，不能省略。完成下列句子。(1)当你初到英国时，肯定会感受到文化上的冲击，因为这里很多事情与国内不一样。On arrival of the UK for the
26、first time，you will surely be experiencing culture shock because_.(2)现在与过去很多事情不同了，我们必须与时俱进。_，so we should get updated.答案：(1)there is so much here that is different from home (2)There is so much nowadays that is different from the past2When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time unde
27、rstanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.刚到旧金山时，有段时间我感到很难理解美国人的处事方式。归纳拓展句型：have a difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定句型，意思为“做某事有困难”。have some difficulties/trouble(in)doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难have great/no/little difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事有很大/没有/几乎没有困难take great/t
28、he trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦做某事with difficulty 困难地，艰难地in difficulty 处于困境中without difficulty 轻而易举地完成下列句子。(1)这段时间，他学习有些吃力。These days，he _ in catching up with his classmates.(2)毫不费劲地就找到了他的家。_ finding his house.(3)你能想象得到我在比赛中的困难吗？Can you imagine the difficulty I had _the game? (4)非常感谢你这么不辞劳苦地帮助我。Thank you
29、for the trouble you _me.答案：(1)has a difficult time/has some difficulties(2)There is no difficulty/trouble in(3)(in) winning(4)took to help3I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us.我正在桌旁边吃着甜点边和我的美国朋友贾尼斯说着话，这时我注意到有人在盯着我们看。归纳拓展b
30、e doing sth.when.是固定搭配，意为：正在做这时。在此句型中，when是并列连词，意为：正在这时，那时。阅读下列句子，总结与when搭配的句型。(1)I was about_to_go out when it began to rain.(正要做这时)(2)I was_on_the_point_of_going when she arrived.(正要做这时)(3)He was considering a problem carefully when she cut in.(正在做这时)(4)He was_about halfway through his meal when a
31、 familiar voice came to his ears.(处于某种状态中这时)(5)The machine had_not_worked for long when it broke down.(做了某事/还没做某事多久这时)翻译或完成句子。(1)玛莉刚要起身回家，突然电话铃响了。(两种翻译)_ (2)She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock _a “very big, very tall man” acc
32、osted them and demanded their purses.答案：(1)Mary was about to go home when the telephone rang.Mary was on the point of going home when the telephone rang.(2)when4It is said that there are more than 200 different kinds！据说有200多种！归纳拓展句型：It is said that.是固定句式，意为：据说。其中it是形式主语，that引导的是个主语从句。可用于这个句型的常见的动词还有
33、report，believe，know，think，hope等。其中这种句型有些动词可以运用于下列句式：People say/believe/think/hope.that.sb.be said/reported/believed.to do.完成或翻译下列句子。(1)据说自从他们结婚后就过着幸福的生活。_ they have lived a happy life since they got married.(2)大家都相信他能通过高考。_ he will pass the college entrance examination.(3)大家都知道他是个诚实的人。_(4)据报道，暴风雨即将来
34、临。A storm _ on the way.答案：(1)It is said that(2)It is believed that(3)People know that he is an honest man.(4)is reported to be5Thats why surfing is such a popular sport.这就是冲浪之所以成为一项如此普及的体育运动的原因。归纳拓展句型：Thats why.这就是为什么的原因。why引导表语从句，表示结果。完成下列句子。(1)数学考试又不及格，这就是她难过地哭起来的原因。She failed in the maths exam ag
35、ain._with grief.(2)全球气候变暖越演越烈，这就是科学界如此关注二氧化碳的排放的原因。Global warming is getting worse and worse. _ _the emission of carbon dioxide.答案：(1)Thats why she cried(2)Thats why scientific societies have been so concerned about现在分词的考点综述一、现在分词的定义现在分词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。现在分词和宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。二
36、、现在分词的基本形式现在分词由动词原形加词尾ing构成，与动名词形式相同。其否定形式是在现在分词前加not构成。现在分词有一般式和完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动态和被动态。其形式如下：现在现在分词分词及物动词及物动词write不及物动词不及物动词go主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式完成式having writtenhaving been writtenHavinggone 三、现在分词的句法功能现在分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。例如：The girl standing there is my sister.站
37、在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。(定语)The news was disappointing.那消息令人失望。(表语)They kept me waiting for a long time.他们让我等了好久。(宾语补足语)Being ill，she didnt go to school today.今天她生病了，所以没有来上学。(原因状语)Her mother died in 1969，leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.1969年她母亲去世了，给她留下了4个弟弟妹妹。(结果状语)四、现在分词的考点1现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，分
38、词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，作状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况等。并可以转换成相应的状语从句。例如：Not knowing her telephone number (Because I didnt know her telephone number)，I couldnt ring her up.由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法打电话给她。(表原因)Walking in the street (While I was walking in the street)，I saw a friend of mine.我在街上走时，遇见了我的一个朋友。(表时间)H
39、e sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁边看中国日报。(表伴随)The child fell，striking his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，头碰到门上，磕伤了。(表结果)Turning to the right (If you turn to the right)，you will find the place you want.往右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方了。(表条件)注意：如果分词表示的动作完成后，谓语表示的动作才发生，此时分词则用完成式。例如：Having come
40、 to a decision，we immediately set to work.作出决定后，我们立即开始了工作。2现在分词与动词不定式作结果状语的区别现在分词作结果状语表示意料之中的结果，而动词不定式作结果状语表示意料之外，没有想到的结果。例如：The parents died，leaving him an orphan.父母亲去世了，他成为了一个孤儿。(意料中之结果)He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开了。(意料之外的结果)3现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词主
41、要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。语态上的不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。时间关系上的不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。例如：.用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子 1Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music.2You are silly not _(lock) your car.3She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has
42、 a role _(play) in making the earth a better place to live in.4 Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _(tell) everything.5It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ (have)a look at the sports stars.6Rather than _(ride)on a crowded bus，he always prefer
43、s _(ride) a bicycle.7Though _(lack) money，his parents managed to send him to university.8Tony was very unhappy for _(invite) to the party.9 The bell indicated the end of the period rang，_(interrupt)our heated discussion.10_(pollute) air and water are harmful to peoples health. 答案：1heard 2.to have lo
44、cked3to play 4.to have told5to have 6.ride；to ride7lacking 8.not having been invited9interrupting 10.Polluted.句型转换1Look round when you cross the street.Look round when _ the street.2When she heard the news，she burst into laughter._the news，she burst into laughter.3As she was still rather weak，she co
45、uld not stay up for too long._still rather weak，she could not stay up for too long.4Gentlemen always shake hands when they meet each other.Gentlemen always shake hands when _ each other.5The three students always go to school together.They laugh and shout happily on their way.The three students alwa
46、ys go to school together，_ happily.6While we were walking in the street，we met some friends of ours._ in the street，we met some friends of ours.7The old couple walked slowly.They talked with each other in a low voice.The old couple walked slowly，_ with each other in a low voice.8The ice and snow whi
47、ch cover the mountain wont melt all year around.The ice and snow _the mountain wont melt all year around.9There is a tall tree which stands near the entrance to the cave.There is a tall tree _ near the entrance to the cave.10The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.The worker
48、 wrote to the police _ who stole the money.答案：1crossing 2.Hearing 3.Being4meeting 5.laughing and shouting6Walking 7.talking 8.covering9standing 10.disclosing 基础写作(4)如何写好说明文民工马明和王丽夫妇每月能挣1 600元，他们有两个孩子。仔细看看他们这个月的开支预算(budget)，然后用5个意思连贯的句子表达以下所有的信息。A Family BudgetRent：150Electricity and gas：120Telephone
49、：40Clothing：160Medicine：100Food：600Schooling：300Insurance：80写作指导：1认真审题：本题要求用5个句子说明所有的内容，因此，本题的体裁应该是说明文。说明文只要求我们对需说明的对象作客观表述，不必添加主观的形象描绘。说明文常用一般现在时。2考虑用词：这篇材料说的是这个家庭的一个月的开支，所用动词主要是spend，take，cost等。相关句型有It costssb.money to do sth.，sb.spend money on sth./in doing sth.避免用词单调。3写作技巧：说明文要求表达的信息繁多，要将众多的信息表达
50、得有条理，最好的办法是依据一定的顺序进行写作，如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序以及认知顺序等。4写作过程(1)认真审题，罗列要点。全家四口人月收入1 600元房租150元电、煤气120元电话费40元衣服160元看病、吃药100元伙食费600元孩子上学开支300元保险80元(2)根据要点，写出相应的符合英语句子结构特点的简单句。_Ma Ming and Wang Li has two children.Their income is about ￥1,600.It costs them ￥150 to rent their house.Electricity and gas cost them ￥
51、120.They spend only ￥40 on the telephone.It costs them ￥160 to buy clothing.They need ￥100 for their health care.Their food costs them ￥600.They pay ￥300 on their childrens school.Their insurance is ￥80.(3)整合信息，连句成篇。参考方法：可用连词将和合为并列句，也可用with将两句合为简单句，或者用含有定语从句的复合句；和可合为一个并列句；和合为一句，、可单独成句，、可合为一句。请用5个句子，
52、将上述10个要点连成一篇连贯的短文：_参考范文Ma Ming and Wang Li，whose income is about ￥1,600，has two children.It costs them ￥150 to rent their house and electricity and gas cost them ￥120.They have to spend only ￥40 on the telephone and pay about ￥160 for their clothes.They need ￥100 for their health care and ￥600 for t
53、heir food.They pay ￥300 on their childrens school and the insurance is ￥80.美文欣赏A new English programme, Life in America, will be broadcast by CCTV on December 1st this year.It mainly introduces American school lives and American customs and so on.It will help middle school students to know more about America and improve their English at the same time.You can watch it from 5：00 pm to 5：30 pm every day on Channel Two.Welcome to the programme and enjoy yourselves.
