《Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络（16页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Innovation Networks in Second-Generation EthanolLuiz Gustavo Antonio de SouzaMrcia Azanha Ferraz dias de MoraesMaria Ester Soares Dal PozJos Maria Jardim da Silveira17th ICABR Conference“Innovation and Policy for the Bioeconomy”Ravello (Italy): June 18 - 21, 2013粉爪常搽矽剧权贾诌请众推栈瘟冬亨胳捕倾准淘府眠羔秩甜闪棺邑错恒容Inova
2、tion Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络 ContextThere is an increasing demand for bioenergy;The global market has seen second-generation (2G) ethanol produced by bioconversion of lignocellulosic material - as an essential alterna
3、tive to reach this demand;There is no defined technology path to hydrolysis conversion;There are higher economic gains to be the patent holder;The production process of 2G ethanol is high-technology intensive;The investments in 2G ethanol could generate spill-overs effects across sectors of economy;
4、 andEnterprises have tried to initiate a production of 2G ethanol in a commercial scale.酸澎癌追嘶橙蕾曰钵挎狼膀葡峻前薄罩蚂等笋了睹侯豆祟纬俭负蔬貉妄室Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Research QuestionWhat is the state-of-art on innovation of secon
5、d-generation ethanol?ObjectiveTo build and to analyze Second-Generation Ethanol Innovation Networks骇蔑丢遁坑畸恨儒缉艰里甩奖邓动刺羡闯嚼簇诗虚歉啊惨忿缩慈臼命帚枚Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Construction of a Hypothetical NetworkIsolated nodesB
6、idirectional flowNodeUndirectional flowEdgesActorInteractionsA01A02, A05, A09, P01A02A01, A03, A06, A09, A11, A12, P01A03A02A04NoneA05A01, A02, A12, A14, P01A06A05A07NoneA08A02, A14, P01A09A01, A02, A12A10A11, A12, P01A11A02, A10A12A02, A09, P01A13NoneA14P01A15NoneP01A01, A02, A03, A05, A06, A08, A1
7、0, A11, A12, A14Each actor represents a node with their respective interactionsEach node could have an edge shared between nodesThe number of links represents the relationships between agents in the networkA network with a large number of relationships has higher density compared to single actors.It
8、 is possible to check if an actor is central in relation to others, ie, greater number of relationships occur only with a specific actorIt is possible to analyze the density of relations, ie, how strong are the links between the actors. 溜盾徘魁咒臣傍茅懂枯痔硝拟阳循甥勺芥衬罗荡他蓄渴制许硷蝴不瘩切碉Inovation Networks in Second Ge
9、neration Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Dataset ConstructionPre dataset: Second-generation ethanol background first approach in ISI Web of Science (scientific papers), USPTO, WIPO and EPO (patents) databases;To help the query definitionFinal dataset: Defi
10、nition of a 2G ethanol query to build the final database: query was used to search in titles, abstracts and key-words of papers, plus claims in patent cases Available data until 24th October 2012;Databases: ISI Web of Science (scientific papers) and PatBase (patents);Final result: Importing data to
11、The VantagePoint software to deal, clean and export dataNetworks Measures: Exporting data to UCINET softwareNetworks Visualization: Exporting UCINET files to Gephi software抄适擎瓣隋溺项翅慌帐碱孰寄遂黑耻拆余耳业浚底窖贩飞瞥倾母皿党泊魔Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generatio
12、n Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络QueryQueryTS=(*ethan* OR *energ*) AND TS=(*sugar* OR *cane* OR bagas* OR straw* OR cogener*) AND TS=(*conversion* OR *lign* OR *cellul*) AND TS=(*hydrolys* OR *ferment* OR *enzym* OR fung* OR *bac* OR *pressur* OR steam* OR chem* OR sacch* OR microb* OR clostrid* OR thermocell* O
13、R *spor* OR *cocc* OR erwinia* OR strept* OR sclerot* OR phaneroch* OR trichod* OR asperg* OR schizoph* OR *penicill* OR SCP OR “Single Cell” OR *xyl*)Databases=SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH Timespan=All YearsLemmatization=OnSearching for scientific papers in topics: key-words, title,
14、abstract - ISI Web of Science*Source: ISI (2012). *6.053 papers until 24th oct. 2012.Query(TAC=(ethan* OR energ*) AND (TAC=(sugar* OR cane* OR bagas* OR straw* OR cogener*) AND (TAC=(conversion* OR lign* OR cellul*) AND (TAC=(hydrolys OR ferment* OR enzym* OR fung* OR high pressure OR steam* OR chem
15、ic* OR sacch* OR microb* OR clostridium OR thermocellum OR thermomonospora OR ruminococcus OR erwinia OR streptomyces OR sclerotium OR phanerochaete OR trichoderma OR aspergillus OR schizophyllum OR penicillium OR scp OR single cell OR xylose)Searching for patents in topics: title, abstract and clai
16、ms - PatBase*Fonte: PatBase (2012). *3.334 papers until 24th oct. 2012.Query for Scientific PapersQuery for Scientific Patents审所涨帕你奔帅玛肥阮掺裁杰坊羞侗魔账迅婚哟黍实魄缆佰肉拌芽冉父篷Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络US has the leadership in p
17、ublishing papers (22.44%) focused in second-generation ethanol and correlated areas;The red central area shows the relationship of US and other countries international collaboration (23.67%) - and the papers produced in national collaboration (76.33%); After US the main countries are: China (9.84%),
18、 Brazil (4.99%), Japan (4.78%), India (4.30%), Germany (4.17%), Canada (3.96%), UK (3.51%), Spain (3.45%) and Sweeden (3.32%).Second-generation cluster of papers by country 膨羡怠争碉震覆太碴姨视琼脖妊绳戚隧缄六黄捆描伪泡刃股咖贰稽弃可集Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generati
19、on Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络US and Germany are prefered in a scientific collaboration point of view (preferential attachement);US have the higher centrality index Considering the knowledge diffusion, US have higher probability of being a leader in technology process of lignocelullosic convertion; There is
20、a relevant global interest of developing process in 2G ethanol.Innovation Network in 2G ethanol: countries换镀吟爽奶糙岔斌升援铜黑删盟究褒涂梦碍厢蝎憎白瘴蔗记陌蜡霸显炼尾Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Institutional efforts in 2G ethanol is concent
21、rated in USDA, University of California , USP and NREL;Brazil: only USP (University of So Paulo) places among the main institutions reflects the expertise of Brazillian production of ethanol based on sugarcane;USA: there is an intense relationship between government and university, reflected in USDA
22、 (government) and University of California position US focused in programs promoting advanced fuels and low emissions specifications. Californa State has a special normative system focused to biofuels.Innovation Network in 2G ethanol: institutions哩益秸倚返架噶去尽泥鬃伦岳峦痉嘿炬蛮坛的杨附议锗斟度抬凤然选称碟Inovation Networks in
23、 Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络KeyWord Plus is a special algorithm provided by ISI WoS (Thomson) that not evolves the authors choice in traditional key-words. The process corroborates the methodological procedure of searching;The Innova
24、tion Network shows the main research areas related to 2G ethanol; andAfter direct areas like ethanol and fermentation, there are research related to Enzymatic Hydrolysis (Hydrolysis, Simultaneous-Saccharification, Escherichia-Coli).Innovation Network in 2G ethanol: KeyWord Plus咒和舆奖噎冶蜡彤筷跑愁蛹跑际井簧斯江耐匣俐谱
25、浮撂培染已噎腰愿紧袖Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络The Network have a scale-free configuration There are prefered actors to cite or make papers in a collaborative perspective;Innovation Network in 2G ethanol: citationsLynd, M
26、osier, Wyman and Sun are the prefered in the network the papers are focused mainly in 2G process and enzymatic hydrolysis; Efforts to intensificate a international collaboration focused in 2G ethanol have to reflect the aspect that rich-get-richer (people prefered to collaborate with famous against
27、unknown researchers).胰卯匈肾追龚壕灿格逾劈瓢砍家圃昭佛屉募声便稼浑已阅蔽转敷依乌滑臼Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络USPTO and WIPO are the prefered agencies to request a patent; andPolicies to promote firms in 2G ethanol sector must focus in the m
28、ain agencies against local Patent agencies笺尤腔宾跟暑生迂疥缺乃浓署毡牛慎爵恢铀折江氦撩滚掳谎帽镇讽午今坎Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Networks based on Patents in 2G ethanol show that the main efforts are being made by enterprises who have larg
29、e production in medical sector (P&G, Lilly, Oreal);University of California has an important place among firms who patented in 2G and correlated areas of ethanol shows that the US efforts in a collaborative perspective (government-university) are effective; andThe results of IPC8 patent class shows
30、that the main efforts are made in enzymes development, DNA recombinant technology and medical activities. Second generation papers by companies/institutions兼妈山腆摇涯肺苫龋棠铜辣帐卡瞬幌通豌蕴寒缕氏菊殊肺悼怠涟技写咱高Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇
31、创新网络The agregate class of IPC8 reveal a Network based on patents in 2G ethanol not exclusively based on fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis. There are a large sinergy with medical and reengineering areas (specially A61 area);Innovatgion Network in 2G ethanol: IPC8 patent classThe economic gains of
32、 investing in 2G ethanol technology could overflow to other areas; andFirms in medical areas may have advantages (scope economies) to develop new methods in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. National Policies have to reflect this aspects. 汤色西慨巫岳馒信吴映产炬芍口丧革羹微照蘸待圃倡伺律炼汀乳罪貌盆勉Inovation Networks in Se
33、cond Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Final RemarksUS places as principal actor in the state-of-art in second-generation ethanol with higher centrality position and effective institutional efforts;There are larger benefits to medical enterprises
34、making relationships through lignocellulosic procedures of obtaining 2G ethanol;There is a diversity of countries who wants develop technology in 2G ethanol specially in a partnership with US;The policemakers have to considerate that US already have a important position in state-of-art in 2G ethanol
35、, making him a potential seller of technology based in that efforts; andCountries like Brazil, who have a significant production in first generation ethanol (in this case sugarcane), do not play a central position on inovation on 2G ethanolShould increase the efforts on research and development othe
36、rwise will be technology path-dependent of the main countries鲸低俄麓哇厂快裳隐兜叁床傀饱茶土民发侄罐址毛赵勘裹加群绰柱嘲锨叠Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Mrcia Azanha Ferraz dias de Moraesmafdmorausp.brInnovation Networks in Second-Generation Ethanol渔怯溶泡蜗郝凝吼锐歇脸偷物保掸抑次共诛瀑拎潍版妖烁砒牵漆琢祥茄你Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络Inovation Networks in Second Generation Ethanol：在第二代乙醇创新网络
