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1、第四学时第四学时Grammar动名词作主语和宾语动名词作主语和宾语一、动名词作主语(1)主语Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。(2)动名词在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。如：It is no good writing to him ;he never answers letters.写信给他不妥，他从来不回信。It is no us
2、e your complaining ;the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是没有用的，公司是不会管的。(3)动名词在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile+doing”结构中作主语。如：It is good playing chess after supper .晚饭后弈棋挺好。It is useless speaking .光说是没有用的。(4)动名词在“There is (was) no+doing”结构中作主语。如：There is no denying that she is very
3、 efficient.她效率高是不容否认的。There is no telling what he is going to do.他要做什么一点消息都没有。 二、动名词作宾语(1)有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有： 习惯上只接动名词的动词:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, revent, finish, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest, keep, forbid, advise, allow. cant stand, cant help,
4、be worth,如： Will you admit having broken the window ? 你承认不承认打破了窗户？Would you mind turning down your radio a little ,please?你是否介意把收音机关小点声？ The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸运没有被逮住。后接doing的词组：prefer.to, be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, stick to, look forward to, cant h
5、elp, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of/about, put off, insist on, be successful in, be good at, burst out, prevent.from,如：He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得详情之前，他没有急于作出决定。We are looking forward to coming to China. 我们期待着来中国。可接不定式和动名词作宾语且含义基本相同的动词：
6、like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend可接不定式和动名词作宾语且含义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on(2)在介词后接动名词作宾语。如：We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties .我们终于克服了所有的困难。(3)在下列结构中：have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in)+动名词。 There i
7、s no point (in)+动名词，做某事没意义。这些结构中动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。如：There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again .再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。(4)在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面。如：I consider it a waste of time arguing about it .我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。三、动名词的被动式(1)动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动
8、结构。如： The watch needs repairing.=The watch needs to be repaired.这块表需要修理。The problem deserves thinking about.=The problem deserves to be thought about.这个问题值得考虑。(2)在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动语态来表示被动意义。如：His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考虑。典例剖析易错点：1.下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：devote oneself/ones time,
9、energy, etc.to(投入)，get down to(着手干)，lead to (通向，导致)，object to(反对)，pay attention to (注意)，look forward to (盼望)，be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持)等。 误 His whole family objected to his give up the job.正 His whole family objected to his giving up the job.2.下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, dec
10、ide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish 等。 误 He offered helping me.正 He offered to help me.3.下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词admit(承认)，appreciate, avoid, cant help(禁不住)， cant stand(不能忍受)， consider (考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避)，excuse, finish, give up, imagine
11、, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议)等。 误 He admitted to break the window.正 He admitted breaking the window.4.下列动词后既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：forget to do (忘记了要做什么) forget doing (忘了做过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情) try to do (试图做)try doing (尝试
12、做) stop doing (停止做) stop to do (停下来去做另一件事情) mean to do (打算做) mean doing (意味着) go on to do (继续去做另一件事情) go on doing (继续做同一件事情) 误 He regretted to hurt his best friend.正 He regretted hurting his best friend.析表示“后悔干过”，regret后跟动名词。 一、单项选择1（2012年福建卷）Pressed from his parents and that he has wasted too much
13、time ，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.（ ）A. Realizing B. realizedC. to realize D. being realized 解析:分析句子结构可判断，and在句中连接了两个并列的表示原因的状语，即Pressed from his parents 和 that he has wasted too much time，它们的逻辑主语都是句子的主语 the boy,而the boy 和realize之间构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，故用realize的现在分词形式作状语，表示原因。B项为被动形式；C项
14、为动词不定式，表示动作还未发生；D项为现在分词的被动式，表示被动，均不符合句意。A 2I dont allow in my drawing room. I dont allow my family at all .Asmoking；to smoke Bto smoke；smoking Cto smoke；to smoke Dsmoking；smoking解析解析: allow要用动名词做宾语，用动词不定式作宾语补足语。答案：答案：A3.（2012年陕西卷） in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. (
15、 ) A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand 解析：句意：为了买新一代iPad，我们站在长长的队伍里，等待着商店开门。两部分之间由逗号分隔，后一部分为句子，且前后没有连词连接，所以此处填非谓语形式；另外，句子主语we发出stand这一动作，即we与stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且stand 伴随谓语waited发生，所以用现在分词形式。A4Whats made Ruth so upset? _ three tickets to the folk music concert. ( ) ALost BLosing CBecause of losing
16、 DSince she lost B5Articles used by patients must be disinfected before others.Ausing Bbeing used by Cused by Dbeing using 解析: before 是介词，后面用动名词；本题要用被动形式。答案：B6They thought there is no trouble _their favorite brand from other brands. ( )Ato tell BtellingCtell Dtold B7Some birds finally reach home by
17、accidentally _landmarks which they recognize. ( )Ato come across Bcoming around Ccoming across Dto come around 解析: by是介词,后接动名词；come across 是 “偶然遇见” 的意思。答案：C8I apologize for _my promise. ( )Anot having kept Bbeing keptCnot to have kept Dhaving not kept A解析：介词for后面用动名词的完成式。9A large glass of water befo
18、re you eat may help _too excited before delicious foods. ( )Ato keep you from gettingBto carry you from getting Cto prevent you to getDto stop you to get A10_ for school once in a while often makes Mr. Smith angry. ATom being late BTom to be late CFor Tom being late DToms being late 解析: Toms being l
19、ate for school 是动名词的复合结构作主语。答案：D二、用所给动词的正确形式完成句子1The bird was lucky and it just missed _.(catch)2_(walk) is a good form of exercise for both men and women.3What makes Jane so upset? _(lose) the ring her husband bought for her birthday.1.解析:miss后只能接动名词,“小鸟躲过被捕捉的命运”,用being caught。答案：being caught2.Walk
20、ing 3.Losing4Do you think it of any use _(argue) with him any more? We are wasting our time _(try) to persuade him to give up the idea.5_ (find) a job in such a big company has always been beyond his dream.6Maybe youve forgotten_ (post) my letter. How could I? I remember _(put) the letter into the l
21、etter box.4.arguing;trying 5.Finding6.解析:forget to do sth. 忘记做某事；remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事。答案：to post, putting三、语法填空I used to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable，but it had character. Now theyve stopped 1._ (show) films there. The owner would like to go on 2._ (run)
22、 the cinema，but he would need to make a lot of improvements，which would mean 3._ (spend) tens of thousands of pounds. I remember 4._ (watch) the last film at the cinema.It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end，and we were trying 5._ (work) out who the murderer was when suddenly all
23、the lights went out and the film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes，and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I regret 6._ (tell) you.” he said，“that our electricity has failed. I dont mean 7._ (disappoint) you，but Im afraid we cant show you the end of the film. Weve tried 8._ (phone) th
24、e electricity company，but they say they cant help.” He went on 9._ (explain) to the audience how the film ended. I didnt understand the story. But I dont regret 10._ (go) to the cinema on that last evening.1.showing2.解析:go on doing sth.继续做某事。答案：running3.spending 4.watching5.解析:try to do sth.努力做某事。答案
25、：to work6.to tell7.解析:mean to do sth.企图做某事,mean to disappoint you故意让你失望。答案：to disappoint8.phoning 9.to explain10.解析:regret doing sth.因做了某事而后悔。答案：going四、语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of the first scientists 1._(make)serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities 2._(base) in
26、the brain that involve how we act，think，feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3._(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis. He wanted to see if 4._(put)patients into a sleeplike condition would help ease 5._(trouble) minds. I
27、n most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard，although what he did might sound easy. His method involved 6._ (sit) with his patients and 7._(listen)to them talk. He had them 8._(talk)about whatever they were thinking. All ideas，thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express)There could be no 10._(hold)back because of fear or guilt.1.to make 2.based 3.to search 4.putting5.troubled 6.sitting 7.listening 8.talk9.be expressed 10.holding
