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1、English Translation of the Interpretations of Chinas Scenic Spots 风景点解说词的翻译2021/5/231一、英语解说词语言特征l突出信息功能。英文遗产解说是典型的信息文本，简洁流畅的语言和大量的事实数据突出特点，景物的完整印象。2021/5/2321.1Plain languageTheGrandCanyonisamongtheearthsgreateston-goinggeologicalspectacles.Itsvastnessisstunning,andtheevidenceitrevealsabouttheearths
2、historyisinvaluable.About65millionyearsagointheearthsshifting,ahugeareaoflandwasliftedamileandahalfabovesealevel,formingwhatisnowtheColoradoPlateau.Forthelast6to10millionyears,theColoradoRiverhasbeenslowlycarvingitswaydownthroughthemanylayersofrock.2021/5/233Theriver,togetherwiththeerosiveforcesofwi
3、nd,rain,snow,heatandcold,hasformedaspectaculargorgeone-miledeepandatsomepoints18milesacross.Thecolorfulstrataofthecanyonwallsrevealtherockformationsoftheearthsevolutionfromnearly2billionyearsago;theycontainfossilsoftheearliestlivingthingsfrom500millionyearsago.Therivercontinuestocarveintotheearthssu
4、rface.(http:/www.cr.nps.gov/worldheritage/)2021/5/2341.2 Fact-basedTheforesthereexudeswatervaporandoilyresidueswhichcreateasmoke-likehazethatsurroundsthepeaksandfillsthevalleys.GreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark,encompassingmorethan800squaremiles,protectsoneoftheworldsfinesttemperatedeciduousforestsand
5、isareminderofthetree-richlandscapeofpre-ColumbianAmerica.Duetothefertilesoilandabundantrain,thisareaboasts1,520flowerspecies,130varietiesoftrees,50mammalspeciesand27differentkindsofsalamanders.TheplantsarerelatedtothosefoundacrossthePacific,testifyingtotheancientmigrationoftreesandflowersfromAsiabyw
6、ayoftheBeringlandbridge.2021/5/235TheSmokiesalsorepresentanimportantperiodintheearthsdevelopmentwhen300millionyearsago,supercontinentscollidedandtheearthscrustpushedupwardforminghigh,jaggedmountains.Overthecourseoftimethesemountainshavebeensmoothedandsoftenedbyerosion.Thegeographicalevidence,biologi
7、calevolutionanddiversitymakethisparkasuperlativenaturalpreserve.(http:/www.cr.nps.gov/worldheritage/grsm.htm)theGreatSmokyMountains2021/5/236二、汉语解说词语言特征l中文遗产解说信息、描述功能。庄严正式的语气，典雅华丽的辞藻和丰富的修辞。四字结构、比喻、排比、夸张、对偶、引用、赞誉称号、诗词、谚语、文言文或者神话传说加深印象。2021/5/2372.1Refined wording峨眉山位于中国西南部的四川省，距成都156公里,走高速公路需1.5小时。主峰
8、金顶绝壁凌空高插云霄,巍然屹立。登临其间，可西眺皑皑雪峰，东瞰莽莽平川，气势雄而景观奇，有云海、日出、佛光、圣灯四大奇观。中部群山峰峦叠嶂，含烟凝翠，飞瀑流泉，鸟语花香，草木茂而风光秀。是我国著名的游览胜地，1996年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界自然与文化遗产”。(http:/211.151.92.10/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游网)2021/5/2382.2 Rich rhetorical devices 山风乍起时，云海飘散开去，群峰众岭变成一座座海中的小岛；云海汇聚过来，千山万壑被掩藏得无影无踪。云海时开时合，恰似“山舞青蛇”，气象雄伟。风紧时，云海忽而疾驰、
9、翻滚，忽而飘逸、舒展，似天马行空，似大海扬波，似雪球滚地。(metaphor)(http:/ Abundant citations黄山是文化名山，源远流长。相传，中华民族的始祖黄帝曾在黄山炼丹，后得道升天。自然造化天然美景，古往今来，吸引了无数文人墨客、名流雅士，前往登临领略。（http:/wh.org/）“上朝峨眉，下朝宝顶”。“五山石刻”自古以来就是名胜之地。（http:/ Various honorable titles风景名胜区主景区方圆60平方公里，山峰平均海350米左右，属典型丹霞地貌，素有“碧水丹山”、“奇秀甲于东南”之美誉，是首批国家重点风景名胜区之一，被国际旅游组织执委会主席
10、巴尔科夫人称为“世界环境保护的典范”。（http:/ Classical Chinese expressions“孔子殁后一年，鲁哀公将其故宅三间改建为庙”,“殁”“去世”or“辞世”.Theusageofthissinglewordherecreatesasolemnatmosphere,andisinkeepingwiththesettingoftheConfuciusTemple.“自孔子以后，孔氏历代子孙亦多从葬于此”,thephrase“亦多从葬于此”-“从孔子以后，他的子孙也被埋葬在这里”.2021/5/2314三、实例分析lE.g.1据推算北京人身高为156厘米(男)，150厘米
11、(女)。lTheestimatedheightofPekingManis156cm.ThatofPekingWomanis150cm.(http:/www.china- transferslSuggestedinterpretation:l(1)TheestimatedheightofamalePekingManis156cmandthatofhisfemalecounterpartis150cm.l(2)TheestimatedheightofthemaleandfemalePekingManis156cmand150cmrespectively.2021/5/2315e.g. 2l庐山风景
12、名胜区面积302平方千米，外围保护地带500平方千米。lTheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,beingprotectedbyanoutlyingzoneof500sqkm.(http:/wh.org)lTheLushanscenicareaextendsover302sqkm,withanoutlyingconservationzoneof500sqkm.lMechanical transfers2021/5/2316e.g. 3l汉武帝时也曾数次修筑长城,用来保护河套、陇西等地以及东西往来的交通。lDuringEmperorWudisreignofth
13、eHanDynasty,wallswerealsobuiltseveraltimestoguardHetao,westernGansuandotherregionsandtheroutesofeast-westtransportation.（http:/wh.org/）lMechanical transfers2021/5/2317lTheconstructionofGreatWallactuallybegunduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheWarringStatesPeriod.Later,thefirstemperoroftheQinDynastyor
14、deredtolinkthewallsupafterheunitedChina.TheGreatWallalreadyexistedintheHanDynasty.Thustheuseof“built”hereisdefinitelyincorrect.ThatstosaytheGreatWallwas“repaired”or“mended”severaltimes.2021/5/2318More e.gs for Mechanical transfers ChineseMechanical TransferIdiomatic Translation高等植物high-order planthi
15、gher plants红叶red leavesmaple leaves/ red autumnal leaves国家保护区state-level resortnational resort自然景观natural scenenatural scenery / natural landscape劳动力labor powerlabor force / work force 2021/5/2319e.g. 4l1996年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界自然与文化遗产”。lIn1996,itwasrankedin“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritage”byUNESCO(Unite
16、dNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).(http:/211.151.92.10/www/mountain/index.jsp峨眉山旅游网)lIn1996,itwaslistedasa“TheWorldCultural&NaturalHeritageSite”byUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).lFalse equivalents2021/5/2320e.g. 5l公元9世纪末的晚唐造像题材有12种类型，以观音、地藏合龛
17、和阿弥陀佛胁侍观音、地藏居多。造像端庄丰满，气质浑厚，衣纹细密，薄衣贴体，具有盛唐遗见。(http:/ equivalents2021/5/2321e.g. 6l随着季节、光照、环境的变化，景区会呈现出不同的韵致。lWiththechangesoftheseasons,illuminationandenvironment,thesceneryvariesinthearea.（http:/wh.org/）lIntheabovetranslation,“illumination”shouldbechangedinto“sunlight”,since“illumination”usuallyrefe
18、rstoman-madelightingsuchasthelightingprovidedbyalamporlight.Butthesentencetellsusthesceneryvarieswiththechangeoflight.Therefore,theword“illumination”disagreeswiththesituationhere.Fromthisparticularcontext,translatorscanpredict“光照”mustthelightinnature,soitisbettertotranslateitas“sunlight”.lFalse equi
19、valents2021/5/2322e.g. 7l“雪山”,“asnowmountain”,“asnowymountain”,“asnow-coveredmountain”and“asnow-cappedmountain”.l“建筑群”“abuildinggroup”,“anarchitecturalgroup”and“anarchitecturalcomplex.”l“云海”.“acloudsea”,“aseaofclouds.”“发展过程”“courseofdevelopment”lUnidiomatic expressions2021/5/2323e.g. 8Terms l孔子（公元前5
20、51前419年）是中国儒家学说的创始人。lConfucius(551419BC)wasthefounderoftheConfuciusschoolofthought(http:/wh.org)l“Confucianisml“游览胜地”“atouristattraction”or“atouristdestination”,“scenicspotfortourists.”“自然保护区”isnot“anature-endowedreserve”but“anaturereserve.”“creativetalent”for“创造力”“creativity.”lRedundancy2021/5/2324
21、l在当地信仰藏传佛教的人民心中，这座小山犹如观音菩萨居住的普陀山，因而用藏语称此为布达拉（普陀之意）。lInthemindofthelocalpeoplebelievinginTibetanBuddhism,thehillislikeMountPutuo(transliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.(http:/wh.org)lThelocalTibetanBuddhistsbelievethehillislikeMountPutuo(tr
22、ansliteratedas“Potala”inTibetan)wheretheBodhisattvaAyalokitesvararesidedaccordingtoBuddhistlegend.2021/5/2325e.g.9l(1)大足石刻是中国石窟艺术宝库中的一颗璀璨明珠。lThemasterpieceofChineseexquisitegrottoart,DazuRockCarvingsisashiningstarinthespeleologicalarttreasure.(http:/ e.gs for special termsChineseUncommonly-used expr
23、essions Commonly-used expressions石碑steletablet马steed horse新石器时代Neolithic ageNew stone age旧石器时代Paleolithic ageOld stone age植物带flora zonationvegetational zone2021/5/2329e.g.10l主景区位于全长60多公里的山谷中。谷中有108个湖泊，山顶为一长度7000米，宽数百米的“长海”，湖水中随处可见自然倒下的古树，树枝上包裹碳酸钙华，阳光折射下五彩缤纷。被形象地称为五彩湖。lThesummitisalongsea7,000metersi
24、nlengthandhundredsofmetersinwidth.(http:/www.china- structures2021/5/2330e.g. 11l庐山已形成一山兼聚五教的罕见现象。lLushanhasbecomeararephenomenonwherefivereligionsexistsidebysideinonemountain.(http:/wh.org)lLushanhasbecomeaplacewherefivereligionsexistsidebysideinonemountain,whichisararephenomenon.lsentence structur
25、es2021/5/2331e.g. 12l现存高米，东西长米，南北宽米。lItrises76metreshigh,345metreseast-west,350metresnorth-south.l(http:/ structures2021/5/2332e.g. 13l九寨沟有脊椎动物170种，鸟类141种，其中含国家一类保护动物大熊猫、牛羚、金丝猴，二类保护动物4种及三类保护动物9种。lIthouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirdsincludingGiantPanda,Gnu,andGoldenMonkey,allatthefirst
26、levelofnationalprotection,4speciesofanimalsatthesecondarylevelofprotection,and9speciesofanimalsatthetertiarylevelofprotection.(http:/www.china- 14l到1966年共发现了大约代表40个个体的“北京人”化石和十万多件石器、以及丰富的骨器、角器与用火遗迹等。lByl966,therehadbeendiscoveredPekingManfossilsrepresentingabout40individuals,morethanl00,000stonetool
27、s,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andremainsoffires.(http:/wh.org/)lByl966,therehadbeendiscoveredabout40PekingMenfossils,alongwithmorethanl00,000stonetools,plentifulboneandantlerartifacts,andfiresremains.lMisplacement2021/5/2335e.g. 15l隋史中也有多次征发民夫数万、数十万乃至百万人修长城的记载。lHistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalso
28、containrecordsofrecruitmentsoftensorhundredsofthousandsoramillionlaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.(http:/wh.org/)lHistoricalbooksoftheSuiDynastyalsocontainrecordsofrecruitmentsoftenthousandsorhundredthousandsorevenmillionsoflaborersforthebuildingofthelongwall.lMisplacement2021/5/2336e.g. 16l特别是此窟
29、中的普贤菩萨，具有东方女性的特征，表情温柔娴静、典雅大方。lInparticularstatueofSamantabhadrahascharacteristicsoftheorientalwoman,anditsexpressionsaregentlesoftrefinednaturalandpoised.(http:/ of the meanings2021/5/2338e.g. 17l这一发现被称为本世纪世界文化史上最有价值的发现。它轰动了世界。lThisdiscoverywasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20
30、thcentury.Itcreatedaworldwidesensation.(http:/wh.org/)lThisdiscovery,whichwasheldtobethemostvaluableinthehistoryofworldcultureinthe20thcentury,createdaworldwidesensation.lSentence-by-sentence translation2021/5/2339e.g. 18l古城池总面积2.25平方千米，至今还居住着4.2万城市居民,基本保持着明清时期(公元13681911年)的历史风貌。lIt(theancientcity)o
31、ccupiesatotalareaof2.25sqkm,hasapopulationof42,000,andlargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingperiods(13681911).(http:/wh.org)lWithatotalareaof2.25sqkmandapopulationof42,000,theancientcitylargelymaintainsitshistoricalappearanceoftheMingandQingDynasties(13681911).lSentence-by-sentence
32、translation2021/5/2340e.g. 19l平遥古城是按照汉民族传统规划思想和建筑风格建设起来的城市，体现了公元14至19世纪前后汉民族的历史文化特色，对研究这一时期的社会形态、经济结构、军事防御、宗教信仰、传统思想、伦理道德的人类居住形式有重要的参考价值。lTheoldcityofPingyao,constructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanningtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,embodiesthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14thl9th
33、centuriesandisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,moralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.(http:/wh.org)lSentence-by-sentence translation2021/5/2341lConstructedaccordingtothetraditionalplanni
34、ngtheoryandbuildingstyleoftheHanpeople,theancientcityofPingyaoembodiesinaconcentratedformthehistoricalfeaturesoftheHanculturearoundthe14thl9thcenturies.Itisofconsiderablereferentialimportanceinresearchingintothesocialformation,economicstructure,militarydefense,religiousbeliefs,traditionalideology,mo
35、ralconceptsanddwellingpatternsofthattime.2021/5/2342e.g. 20l孔庙的东侧是孔府，是孔子嫡长孙世袭的府第。lTheKongFamilyMansionlieseastoftheConfuciusTemple,beingtheplacewheretheeldestdirectmaledescendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.(http:/wh.org)lLyingtotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple,theMansionofConfuciusistheplacewheretheeldestd
36、irectmaledescendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.lTheMansionofConfuciusliestotheeastoftheConfuciusTemple.ItistheplacewheretheeldestdirectmaledescendantofConfuciuslivedandworked.lSentence-by-sentence translation2021/5/2343e.g. 21l孔林为孔子墓葬所在地，位于曲阜市城北.公里处。墓园古柏参天，周以围墙，占地面积万平方米。园内有清代建筑的观楼和享殿，和宋代雕刻的石人、石兽等。自孔子以
37、后，孔氏历代子孙亦多从葬于此。lTheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Thecemeteryissurroundedbywallsandiscrowdedwitholdcypressesandpines.Thetotalareaisabout2,000,000squaremetres.ThetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDynastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynastycanbefound.Mostof
38、Confuciusdescendantswerealsoburiedhere.(http:/ of Cohesion2021/5/2344lTheConfucianWoods,wherethetombofConfuciusislocated,is1.5kmnorthofQufu.Surroundedbywallsandcrowdedbyoldcypressesandpines,thecemeterycoversatotalareaofabout2,000,000squaremetres.Inthecemetery,therearetowersandpalacesbuiltintheQingDy
39、nastyandstoneguardiansandanimalscarvedintheSongDynasty.MostofConfuciusdescendantswerealsoburiedhere.2021/5/2345e.g. 22l庐山，位于江西省北部，北濒长江，东南临鄱阳湖。自然风光奇特秀丽。“匡庐奇秀甲天下山。”方圆302平方公里的风景区内，有16个大自然奇观，474个景点。171座山峰逶迤相连，峰峦叠嶂。lMountLushanislocatedinthenorthofJiangxiProvince,withtheChangjiangRiverflowingbyjustinthen
40、orthandthePoyangLakelyinginthesoutheast.Knownasthemostbeautifulmountainunderheaven,itsscenicareacovers302squarekilometersofland,including16naturalwonders,474scenicspotsand171peaksstandingonrollingmountainranges.(http:/www.china- of Coherence2021/5/2346lMountLushanislocatedinthenorthofJiangxiProvince
41、,withtheChangjiangRiverflowingbyinthenorthandthePoyangLakelyinginthesoutheast.Thescenicareacovers302squarekilometers,boasting16naturalwonders,474scenicspotsand171peaksstandingonrollingmountainranges.Famousforitsmarvellouslandscapes,MountLushaniscrownedasthemostbeautifulmountainunderheaven.2021/5/234
42、7e.g. 23l九寨沟风景区动物资源丰富，自然分布原生植物2756种，由于其地处亚热带与温带交会处，使得景区内既有亚热带植物，又有适合温带生长的油松、华山松等，形成植物垂直带谱。九寨沟有脊椎动物170种，鸟类141种lJiuzhaigouScenicAreahasrichresourcesoffloraandfaunaandhouses2,576speciesofprotophytes.BeingatthejunctureofthesubtropicalandthetemperateZones,thescenicareahousestreessuitedtobothzonessuchasChinesetallowtree(Sapiumsebiferum),andChinesepine(Pinustabulaeformis),formingaverticalflorazonation.Theplacehouses170speciesofvertebratesand141speciesofbirds(http:/www.china-
