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1、 By Ting GuBy Ting Gu Qutang Middle School Qutang Middle SchoolOctober.112012 2012 年英语高考专题年英语高考专题Check the answers coot sneak deception catch on spot intrudersa kind of birdtake sth. secretlycheat, trickunderstand find, realizesb. who enters an area illegally 白骨顶（鸟）白骨顶（鸟） 偷偷地拿偷偷地拿 欺骗欺骗 理解理解 发现发现 入侵者
2、入侵者How do you deal with the unfamiliar words or phrases while reading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning You are required to guess the meanings of new words, expressions and sentences according to the context.考纲要求高考阅读理解要求考生应能根据上高考阅读理解要求考生应能根据上下文提供的语境推测生词的
3、词义，下文提供的语境推测生词的词义，进而加深对文段的理解。进而加深对文段的理解。常见提问形式常见提问形式1) What does the underlined word “” in the first paragraph mean?2) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word？3) The underlined word “”most probably means_.4) The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.5) Accord
4、ing to the passage, the underlined word “” is closest in meaning to“_”. .Good language learners learn to make intelligent guesses.How can we guess out the meanings of the unknown words?1. Word-formationCompounding Derivation Conversion 合成法合成法 派生法派生法 转化法化法 合成法：由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新合成法：由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词词。派生法
5、：也叫词缀法，一般是通过在已有词派生法：也叫词缀法，一般是通过在已有词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形成的一个新词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形成的一个新词。转化法：不通过给一个已有的词语加上前缀转化法：不通过给一个已有的词语加上前缀或后缀却能改变词语的词性或词义。或后缀却能改变词语的词性或词义。snow-whiteice-coveredgood-lookingtypewriterabsent-minded darkroom downtownsightseeingnightlife雪白的雪白的冰雪覆盖的冰雪覆盖的好看的好看的打印机打印机心不在焉的心不在焉的暗室暗室市中心市中心游览游览, ,观光观光夜生活
6、夜生活CompoundingCompoundinggoldenworker foolish uselessnationalfriendly directionchildhood happinessmovement dislike retellpostwarendanger impossiblecooperatesemicircleunnecessarysupermarketmisunderstandDerivationDerivationgoldenworker foolish uselessnationalfriendly directionchildhood happinessmoveme
7、nt dislike retellpostwarendanger impossiblecooperatesemicircleunnecessarysupermarketmisunderstandprefixessuffixesDerivationDerivationHave you booked your ticket? (n.v.) His hair is beginning to grey. (adj.v.)Let me have a try. (v.n.) Tom went home early. (n.adv.)小结小结首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其
8、次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。ConversionI removed a _ from the shelf.He would _ the money from his grandma.Guess the missing words I removed a _ from the shelf and began to read. Harvey is a thief: he would _ the money from his grandma and not feel guilty.bookstealDefinition Given information Common se
9、nse2. Context 通过定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，通过定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，is, means, that is(to say), or, or rather, i.e., in other words, namely, ：，：，( )， 来确来确定词义。定词义。Definition 1.It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily. A. easily broken B. soft inside C. very hard D. expensivethat is 2.
10、The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a month. A. keeper of a group of animals, esp. cattleB. a butcher C. a man who sell sheep D. a person who looks after and kills animals3. The word “adolescence” means the periodbetween children and adulthood. A. 少儿期少儿期 B. 幼儿期幼儿期 C. 青春期青春期 D.
11、成人期成人期 who looks after sheep means Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.表对比转折关系的词常有表对比转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though, otherwise等。等。小结小结hotgo
12、t worseGiven information炎热的炎热的恶化恶化Although but根据对比和转折关系根据对比和转折关系根据同义词反义词进行猜测根据同义词反义词进行猜测 The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a h
13、asty decision.rapid; quickpunished惩罚惩罚仓促的，草率的仓促的，草率的punishment quickly Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.信号词常有信号词常有but, while, however, unlike等等。小结小结sociableUnlike爱社交的爱社交的 All his attempts to unlock the door was futi
14、le, because she was using the wrong key. I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time.根据因果关系猜词根据因果关系猜词giving up sth. in order to get sth. more importantin vain徒劳的，无效的徒劳的，无效的牺牲牺牲becausethus小结小结常用关联词如常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so that, suc
15、h that 等等表示前因后果。表示前因后果。 根据因果关系猜词根据因果关系猜词 Most women in Chinathe educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and oldwork to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.illiterate(uneducated) It is really causing slight anger or irritation. anger 根据平行结构猜
16、词根据平行结构猜词the urban and rural, the young and old未受教育的未受教育的 愤怒愤怒 or Pay attention to such words or phrases: and, but, or, than, more than, rather than, etc. 小结小结根据平行结构猜词根据平行结构猜词 I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. Wild flowers suc
17、h as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.常用的关联词有常用的关联词有: :for example, e.g, such as, such .etc小结小结 two kinds of flowers be willing to give freely 根据列举猜词根据列举猜词for example such as 慷慨的慷慨的 兰花，兰花， 报春花报春花 3. Common sense 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词。方面的知识猜词。 But sometimes, no rain f
18、alls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. The snake slithered through the grass.旱灾旱灾爬行爬行, 滑行滑行1.Word-formation2. Context clues 1) Definition 2) Given information .Comparison and contrast .Synonyms and antonyms .Cause and effect .Parallel .Example 3) Common senseSUMMARYSUMMARY特别提醒：特别提
19、醒： 在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能会会综合运用综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不开开对生词所处的上下文的理解对生词所处的上下文的理解。ATTENTION Competition1.We like our new house because it has a few elms in the backyard that will give us shade and keep the house cooler.A. a kind of building B. a kind of animalC. a
20、 kind of tree D. a kind of grass2. Mike gave his sister a small, red tulip because he knows how much she likes natural things.A. radio B. flower C. jewelry D. toy榆树榆树 郁金香郁金香 3. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop.A. avoid B. cause C. notice D. keep4. Sabots, o
21、r wooden shoes, are frequently worn by the field workers in Belgium and France.A. a kind of clothes B. a kind of capsC. a kind of shoes D. a kind of trousers避免避免 木鞋木鞋 5.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.A. 地理地理 B. 生态学生态学 C. 心理学心理
22、学D. 考古学考古学6.The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的昏昏欲睡的B. 亢奋的亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的麻木的 7.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的心不在焉的 B. 紧张的紧张的 C. 全神贯注的全神贯注的 D.
23、睡意浓的睡意浓的 8.Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. DirectB. indirectC. straight D. secret迂回的迂回的9. She asked the hairdresser to trim her hair because it was too long. 10. Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym.11. F
24、inally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.12. The shop sells stationery, such as pens, pencils, paper, envelopes, and so on.13. He is one of the most loquacious men I know His brother, however, does not like to talk much.修剪修
25、剪笔名笔名 投降投降文具文具健谈的健谈的 A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger is a steal at $4.80.14. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. an act of stealin
26、g B. something deliciousC. something very cheap D. an act of buyingBy comparisonPlease stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exis
27、ts.15. What do the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. keep everything out of campgrounds.B. take away everything you bring in.C. carry all the necessary food. D. look after your personal belongings.so you leave no signs ofyour visitConsolidation Consolidatio
28、n Finish the reading comprehension in your learning plan. By the end of the seventeenth century , when newspapers were beginning to be read by more People, printed materials became all important way to promote products and servicesThe London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just
29、for advertising .This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants(2011全国全国I，B)61. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads. C. Selling
30、goods in markets. D. Working with ad agencies. By the end of the seventeenth century , when newspapers were beginning to be read by more People, printed materials became all important way to promote products and servicesThe London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for adverti
31、sing .This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants(2011全国全国I，B)set aside a place just foradvertising Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting
32、a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that
33、 the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.(2011 广东广东B)31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. A. early B. lowly C. quickly D. smoothly Can dogs and cats live in perfect
34、 harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less th
35、an 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.(2011 广东广东B)reported a positiverelationship The real reason why I ask students to leave technology
36、 at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep within themselves for i
37、nspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion. (2011北京卷北京卷 C)64. The underlined word “engage in para.4 probably means _A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject The real reason why I ask students
38、 to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to dig deep wit
39、hin themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion. (2011北京卷北京卷 C)have deep conversations I didnt hear them call my name,“ explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she tal
40、ked about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. ”Are you ready?“ is what she heard. Then she said, ”I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.“It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old h
41、igh school student from Destrehan, Louisiana-she was still on cloud nine(2011全国卷全国卷II E)56. What do the words “on cloud nine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. frightened B. troubled C. very happy D. very angry I didnt hear them call my name,“ explained Shelley Hennig to Active Teens (AT) as she talk
42、ed about that exciting moment on national television when she won the honor of Miss Teen USA 2004. ”Are you ready?“ is what she heard. Then she said, ”I shook my head no, and then they said yes and it was announced again.“It was four days after that life changing moment for the seventeen-year-old hi
43、gh school student from Destrehan, Louisiana-she was still on cloud nine (2011全国卷全国卷II E)that exciting moment No difficult words to a willing heart! Try your best to guess the meanings of new words and expressions in the context!Review what we have learned in this class.Finish reading comprehension on your textbook.(P122&P123)Assignments
