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1、Section Grammar & Writing语法精讲专项突破语法精讲专项突破品味语法品味语法品味语法品味语法读读下下面面课课文文中中出出现现的的句句子子，判判断断划划线线部部分分在在句中分别作什么成分。句中分别作什么成分。1(P17)_，I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2 (P18)_， his parents company， called“Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.3(P22)
2、_,it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.Wellknown for their expertiseDescribed as an enormous round plate过过去去分分词词作作状状语语可可以以表表示示时时间间、原原因因、条条件件、让让步步、方方式式或或伴伴随随情情况况等等。其其逻逻辑辑主主语语一一般般与与句句子子的的主主语语保保持持一一致致，过过去去分分词词与与逻逻辑辑主主语语之之间间一一般般是是被被动动关关系系。表表示示时时间间、原原因因、条条件件、让让步步的的过过去去分分词词短短
3、语语可可以拓展成相应的状语从句。以拓展成相应的状语从句。讲解归纳讲解归纳讲解归纳讲解归纳一、过去分词或过去分词短语作状语1时间状语过去分词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。也可在过去分词前加上连词“when，while，until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Seen from the top of the hill，the city looks more beautiful.When it is seen from the hill，the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,城市显得更漂亮。Dont speak until asked to.Dont speak u
4、ntil you are asked to.当被要求发言时，你才能讲话。2原因状语过去分词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.Because it was written in a hurry，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。3条件状语可用在连词if，unless之后，相当于一个条件状语从句。Given more time，we could do it much better.If we were given more time，we cou
5、ld do it much better.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。4让步状语有时可用在although，though，even if，even though，whether.or等连词之后，相当于一个让步状语从句。Though warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.Though they had been warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields.虽然农民们已被警告将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。5方式或伴随
6、状语此时相当于一个由and连接的并列结构。The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students.The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群他的学生。二、过去分词作状语用法点津(1)作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,即过去分词表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系。Given another hour，I can also work
7、out this problem.(I和give之间是动宾关系)再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。(2)值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)。Lost in thought，he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。(3)过去分词常跟when，while，after，if，unless，although/though,a
8、s if等连词一起用,修饰谓语动词。Metals expand when heated.金属被加热会膨胀。过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别：过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。Asked why he was late，he cried.被问到他为什么迟到时，他哭了。Looking out of the window，I saw some students playing there.我朝窗外望去，看见几个学生在那边玩耍。【助记】分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系
9、。主动用v.ing，被动用v.ed，having done表先后，千万要牢记。.用分词短语改写句子1Although we were exhausted by the climbing，we continued our journey._，we continued our journey.2She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared._，she suddenly appeared.专专专专项项项项训练训练训练训练Exhausted by the climbingDressed in white3Aunt Wu came in and she w
10、as followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in，_.4As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder._he has made，he works harder.5Once it is seen，it will not be forgotten._，it will not be forgotten.followed by her daughterEncouraged by the progressOnce seen.补全句子1(2011高考四川卷改编题)在一部新的电影被提供了一
11、个重要的角色,安迪将有机会成名。_ in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.2(2011高考天津卷改编题)被译成英语后，发现这个句子词序全部变化了。_，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.Offered an important roleTranslated into English3(2010高考陕西卷改编题)从塔顶上看，这座山的南麓是一片树的海洋。_，the south foot of the mountain is a sea o
12、f trees.4因为Jimmy是由他祖父母养大的，所以他不习惯同他父母生活在一起。_，Jimmy wasnt used to living with his parents.Seen from the top of the towerBrought up by his grandparents5(2010高考大纲全国卷改编题)尽管看到我们很惊讶，教授还是热情地欢迎了我们。Though_， the professor gave us a warm welcome.6被咬过两次后，邮递员拒绝给我们送信除非我们把狗拴起来。_，the postman refused to deliver our l
13、etters unless we chained our dog.surprised to see usBitten twice7被提醒不要误了1520的飞机后，经理立即动身去了机场。_ the flight at 1520，the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.8如果给予他们适当形式的训练，这些青少年足球选手有一天也许会成为国际球星。_，these teenager soccer players may one day grew the international stars.Reminded not to missGiven the
14、right kind of training9受科技进步的鼓舞，许多农民在自己的土地上建立了风车农场。_，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.Encouraged by the advances in technology写作指导妙笔生花写作指导妙笔生花Chinese Sign Lunar Jeep写作例题写作例题随着科学技术的发展，机器人随着科学技术的发展，机器人越来越多地被应用到各个领域，越来越多地被应用到各个领域，计划于计划于2013年发射的年发射的“嫦娥三嫦娥三号号”将把中国最高智能的机器人将把中国最高智能的机器人“中华牌
15、月球车中华牌月球车”带上月球表面。带上月球表面。写作内容假设你是机器人的设计者，请你根据下表写一篇短文介绍一下这种机器人。功功能能自我导航、避障、选择路线、选择探测地自我导航、避障、选择路线、选择探测地点、选择探测仪器等。底部安装有雷达，点、选择探测仪器等。底部安装有雷达，可以探测到月球表面以下几百米的深处，可以探测到月球表面以下几百米的深处，还可以在还可以在180 环境下长期作业。环境下长期作业。作作用用机器人彰显我国的国际影响，并将进一步机器人彰显我国的国际影响，并将进一步丰富、完善人们的工作和生活。丰富、完善人们的工作和生活。写作要求1短文要求包含表格中的要点，但不必逐条翻译；2参考词汇
16、：detecting instrument 探测仪器；detect 探测；radar 雷达要点词汇1现代科技_2探测_3探测仪器_4使更丰富和完善_modern technologydetectthe detecting instrumentsmake.more efficient and enjoyable句式结构1机器人是我们现代技术的标志，它自我导航，避障选择探测地点和选择探测仪器。Robots are the signs of our modern technology，_ and choose proper routes and places.which can guide them
17、selves，detect objects lying ahead2机器人底部装有雷达，可以探测到月球表面以下几百米的深处，还可以在180 环境下长期作业。_，they can detect what exists several hundred meters beneath the surface of the moon and _ the 180 surroundings.With radar at the bottommake it possible to survive from连句成篇_佳作欣赏Robots are the signs of our modern technology
18、,which can guide themselves，detect objects lying ahead and choose proper routes and places.What is thought to be most human is that they can be used as the detecting instruments freely.With radar at the bottom，they can detect what exists several hundred meters beneath the surface of the moon and mak
19、e it possible to survive from the 180 surroundings.名师点津1确定体裁、人称及时态。本文的主体在于介绍月球探测远程控制机器人“中华牌月球车”的情况，属于说明文范畴，由此我们可以确定文章的时态应为一般现在时，人称的选用应以第三人称为主。2认真阅读写作要求，进行整理及完善。阐明事实的说明文必须注重条理和层次，从本文的要求来看，我们可以按照如下的层次进行描述：首先总述中华牌月球车作为机器人进行应用的范例；然后说明中华牌月球车的特性和功能；最后总述机器人技术的优越性和作用。在阐述事实的同时，应考虑句式的变换，有必要时可以将两个简单句合并为一个复杂句式。
20、还要注意各个要点之间的衔接，以使表达具有连贯性。词语串串练词语串串练I am taking up a job in a company as an accountant.In fact， previous to my entering the company，I took a course which trained and guided me a lot as how to become a good accountant.Therefore，I am very confident and optimistic about my job and believe that I can mana
21、ge it very well.My coworkers are very kind and warmhearted，who often helpme a lot to find the settlement to the difficult problem when I am uncertain about it.All the workers are hardworking with their best to speed up their work so as to finish it ahead of time，although the boss never presses us to
22、o much.And to my great delight，the surroundings of this company are very pleasant and picturesque.In a word，I have a good impression of this company and I am very satisfied with my present job in that it can make us workers work in a relaxing and efficient way.And as time goes by，I believe I can not
23、 only make quick adjustments to my job but also perform very well， even though I lack some experience.我现在正在一家公司从事会计的工作。事实上,在我进入这家公司前，我曾经参加过指导我如何成为一名合格的会计的课程。因此，我对这份工作很有信心也很乐观。我坚信我可以做好这份工作的。我的同事都很好也很热心，当我对一些疑难问题拿不准而找不到它们的解决方法时，他们会给予我非常大的帮助。所有的工人都尽自己的最大努力加速工作进程，以便能够提前完成任务，尽管老板从来都不会给我们施加太多的压力。令我非常高兴的是，这家公司环境宜人，风景如画。总而言之，我对我们公司的印象非常好，并且对目前的工作非常满意，因为我们的公司可以让员工在一种放松而高效的氛围中工作。所以，随着时间的流逝，尽管我经验不足，我相信我会很快适应自己的工作并且做得很好。
