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1、New New CollegeCollege EnglishEnglishUnit EightIPreparationIIReadingActivitiesIII Further Development IV Translation & Writing Part I Preparation1.TalkingAboutTwins2.ProverbsandSayingsActivity 1 Talking About TwinsDirections: Work in groups to the following questions.Doyouknowanytwins?Whatcanyousaya
2、boutthem?Whyarepeoplecuriousabouttwins?Howdoyouthinkitfeelstobetwins?Activity 1 Talking About TwinsSampleLookalikeandusuallydressalikeEasytomixthemupDifferentpersonalitiesNotmanutwinsaroundusUsualresemblingActivity 1 Talking About TwinsSampleTwinsmustbeproudbecausetheyaredifferentfromothersTheymayfe
3、elhappybecausetheycanenjoyeachotherscompanyTheymayfeellonelybecauseitisdifficulttomakefriendswithothrpeopleTheymayfeelboredanddiscouragedbecauseeverydaytheywillseethemirrorimageofthemselves.Activity 2 Proverbs and SayingsGeniuswithouteducationislikesilverinthemine.BenjaminFranklin未受教育的天才，犹如矿中之银。未受教育
4、的天才，犹如矿中之银。 富兰克林富兰克林Geniusonlymeanshard-workingalloneslife.Mendeleyer天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。 门捷列耶夫门捷列耶夫Activity 2 Proverbs and SayingsThepeoplewhogetoninthisworldarethepeoplewhogetupandlookforcircumstancestheywant,andiftheycannotfindthem,theymakethem.BernardShaw在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想在这个世界上，取得成
5、功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。要机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。 肖伯纳肖伯纳Part II Reading Activities1. Pre-reading Questions2. Text Organization3. Sentence Study4. Words & Phrases1.Many identical twins are much alike in both appearance and behavior, even when raised apart. Does it suggest that the genes pla
6、y a more important role in ones development?Pre-reading QuestionsNo,itonlysuggeststhepowerofthegenesandthelimitationoftheeffectofenvironment.Inthestudy,theseidenticaltwinswereraisedinthesamephysicalenvironment.Evenwhenraisedapart,theywereputinhomeswithasimilarbackground.Therefore,itsnotsurprisingtha
7、tthesetwinsdevelopedsimilarly.2. What criticism would you make of the study designed to observe the relative effects of heredity andenvironment?Pre-reading QuestionsTheconclusionisnotjustifiedbecausethesetsoftwinsstudiedsharednotonlythesamegenesbutalsothesameenvironment.Thesimilaritiesarenotdueentir
8、elytogenessinceenvironmentalsoplaysarole.Text OrganizationIntroduction:NocharacteristiciscausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentNocharacteristiciscausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes.orgenes.Conclusion:Whatwecandoissetbythegenes,butwhatweactuallydoisWhatwecandoissetbythegenes,butwhatweactuallydo
9、islargelydeterminedbytheenvironment.largelydeterminedbytheenvironment.ResearchontherelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironmentA.A.StudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedtogetherStudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedtogether(Para. 2)(Para. 2) B.StudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartinsimilarenvironmentsB.Studiesonidenticaltwin
10、sraisedapartinsimilarenvironments(Para. 3-4)(Para. 3-4)C.StudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironmentsC.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironments(Para. 5-8)(Para. 5-8)Para.1Para.2-8Para.9Sentence Study1. 1. weweseeseethatthattheretherecancanbebeno developmentdevelopme
11、ntwithouttheinteractingenvironment.theinteractingenvironment. (Line 4)(Line 4)我们就会明白，我们就会明白，没有没有与其相互作用的环境，与其相互作用的环境，就就不可能不可能有任何个人的发展。有任何个人的发展。【译文】【句型】no+NP+without构成双重否定，表达肯定构成双重否定，表达肯定意义。意义。其中其中no修饰的名词短语可作主语。修饰的名词短语可作主语。Sentence Study【例句】Nootherreproductioninanyformispermittedwithoutwrittenpermissi
12、onfromthepublishingwrittenpermissionfromthepublishinghouse.house.未经未经出版社同意出版社同意不得以任何形式进行复制不得以任何形式进行复制。InsomecountriesInsomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithout eyeeyecontact,requiringcontact,requiringface-to-faceface-to-faceconversationconversation. .在在有有些些国国家家里里,没没有有当当面面接接触触就就做做不不成成大大生生意意,需需要
13、要面对面的交谈。面对面的交谈。Sentence Study2. 2. Therelativeeffectsof heredityheredityandandenvironmentenvironmentare mostclearlyobservableinidenticaltwins.inidenticaltwins. (Line 7)(Line 7)遗传和环境的遗传和环境的相对影响相对影响在同卵双胞胎中在同卵双胞胎中最易观到最易观到。【译文】【句型】The(relative)effectsofare(mostclearly)observable.效果效果/ /影响是显而易见的影响是显而易见的
14、完全可以看出完全可以看出的影响的影响 Sentence Study【例句】Theenvironmentaleffectofthisnewfactoryisthisnewfactoryismostclearlyobservableinthesurroundingfieldandinthesurroundingfieldandriver.river.在在周周围围的的田田地地和和河河流流中中完完全全可可以以看看到到这这个个新新工工厂厂对对环环境的影响。境的影响。Theeffectofcultureshockismostclearly observable intheintheunpreparedun
15、preparedvisitorsvisitorswhentheywhentheyareinvolvedareinvolvedinin astrangeculture.astrangeculture.Sentence Study 3. 3. InIn a a studystudy therethere werewereno more significantsignificantdifferencesdifferencesthan existedexistedamongamongunseperatedunseperated pairspairsofoftwins.twins. (Line 21)(
16、Line 21)【译文】双胞胎之间的差异双胞胎之间的差异并不比并不比一起长一起长大的双胞胎之间的差异大的双胞胎之间的差异更更显著。显著。Sentence Study【句型】nomorethan和和一样不；比一样不；比更不；非常不更不；非常不nomorethan(=only)不过，仅仅不过，仅仅【例句】HeisHeisnomoreaGodaGodthanus.us.他和我们他和我们一样不是一样不是上帝。上帝。Sentence Study【例句】MoneyisMoneyisnomorethanourservant.ourservant.金钱金钱不过是不过是我们的仆人。我们的仆人。Noplacein
17、ChinacanproducecanproducemorememoriesmemoriesofthebeautyofyourcountryofthebeautyofyourcountrythanGuilin. .中中国国没没有有其其它它地地方方像像桂桂林林一一样样可可以以让让人人记记住你们美丽的国家。住你们美丽的国家。Sentence Study4. 4. ImportantImportant as theytheyare,are,genesgenesalonealoneareareneverneverabsolutelyabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.res
18、ponsibleforanytrait. (Line 68)(Line 68)【译文】尽管尽管基因基因非常重要非常重要，但是基因本身决不能完，但是基因本身决不能完全决定任何一个特点。全决定任何一个特点。【句型】这是这是as引导的让步状语从句，从句要倒装。引导的让步状语从句，从句要倒装。该句相当于：该句相当于：Thoughtheyareimportant,.“形容词形容词/副词副词/名词名词+as/though+主语主语+谓语谓语”句型，引导让步状语从句。句型，引导让步状语从句。Sentence Study【例句】MuchMuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Iadmirehima
19、sawriter,Idontlikehimasaman.Idontlikehimasaman.BraveBravethoughtheywere,theyhadnochanceoftheywere,theyhadnochanceofwinning.winning.TeacherTeacher asheis,hecannotfinishtaskinanhour.heis,hecannotfinishtaskinanhour.Words & Phrases1.interact v. (+ on / with) have an effect on each other or something els
20、e互相作用，互相影响互相作用，互相影响【例句】Wecollegestudentsshouldactivelyinteractwiththesociety.Wecollegestudentsshouldbeinactiveinteractionwiththesociety.Words & Phrases2. identical adj. 1. ( + with / to) exactly alike 完全相同的，完全一样的完全相同的，完全一样的 2. the same 同一的同一的【例句】Yourvoiceisidenticaltoyourbrothers.Youandyourbrotherha
21、vealmostidenticalvoices.声音相同声音相同Words & Phrases3. resemblance n. the fact or an instance of being like or similar to another person or thing相似，类似相似，类似resemble (v.) look or be like 像，似像，似【例句】Theidenticaltwinsresembleeachotherinappearancebutnotincharacter.这对同卵双胞胎这对同卵双胞胎(theidenticaltwins)长相长相相似相似但性但性格
22、不同。格不同。Words & Phrases4. substantially adv. quite a lot相当大地相当大地 substance n. 1. (C) a material; type of matter 物；物质物；物质 2. (the+, U) the important part; the real meaning 实质；本质；实质；本质；主旨；大意主旨；大意substantial adj. 1. solid; strongly made牢固的；结实的牢固的；结实的2. noticeable; important; of some size or value显著的；重要的
23、；有价值的显著的；重要的；有价值的Words & Phrases【例句】Student:Whatiswater?Teacher:Waterisa_.( (生命必须的物质生命必须的物质) ) substancevitaltolifeWords & Phrases【例句】Thoughyoung,hehassubstantiallycontributedtotheproject.尽管年轻，他已为这个工程尽管年轻，他已为这个工程作出了相当大的贡献作出了相当大的贡献。ToTo studystudy abroadabroad indicatesindicates toto makemake substan
24、tialsubstantialchangeschangesinlife.inlife.出国留学意味着在生活上出国留学意味着在生活上作出重大改变作出重大改变。Words & Phrases5. illustrate v. 1. (+ by / with) make the meaning (of something) clearer by giving related examples 阐明，说明阐明，说明 2. (+ with) put pictures in a book, article, etc. 给给作插图说明作插图说明【例句】他通过讲述自身的体验来他通过讲述自身的体验来阐明他的论点阐
25、明他的论点。He_byrelatinghisownexperience.illustratedhispointWords & Phrases6. resume v.1) start doing something again after stopping or being interrupted (中断之后中断之后)继续继续 2) take again 重新占用重新占用他的脸上很快就又他的脸上很快就又露出自信的露出自信的神情神情。Hisfacequickly_.【例句】resumeditsconfidentexpressionWords & Phrases7. distinguish v. 1
26、) hear, see, or recognize 辨认出；辨认出； 看清楚；听清楚看清楚；听清楚 2) ( + from / between) make or recognize differences 辨别；区别；辨别；区别； 3) behave (oneself) noticeably well 使出众，使扬名使出众，使扬名【例句】Everysooften,peoplecannotcarefullyEverysooften,peoplecannotcarefullydistinguishbetweenfactsandrumorsdistinguishbetweenfactsandrumo
27、rs. .有时人们无法谨慎地有时人们无法谨慎地区别事实和传言区别事实和传言。Words & Phrasesdistinguished adj. marked by excellent quality or deserved fame著名著名的，杰出的的，杰出的distinguishableadj. that can be clearly seen, heard, or recognized as different清晰可见的；可辨别的清晰可见的；可辨别的1. Case Study2. DebatePart III Further DevelopmentDirections: Work in g
28、roups to respond to the following case study.Case StudyYouareyoungparents.Youhaveabeautifuleight-year-olddaughter.Likeallparentsyouwantyourchildtobehappyandhealthy.Youwanttogiveheralltheloveandsupportyoucan.Whataremostimportantthingsyouwoulddotokeepherhealthyphysically,intellectuallyandemotionally?S
29、hareyourideaswithothergroups.Case StudySamplePhysicallyTakepartinsportswithherTakeheroutonwalksGivehergoodfoodthathelpshertobestrongandhealthKeephercleanandproperlydressedLetherdosomehouseworkSendhertoadanceschoolCase StudySampleIntellectuallySingsongswithherTellherstoriesabouthumanancestorsSendhert
30、oextraclassesLetherwatcheducationalprogramsonTVTakehertofamoushistoricplaces,museumsInvolveherinmakingdecisionswhenpossibleCase StudySampleEmotionallyBekindtoher,butalsostrictEncourageherorpraiseherwhennecessaryTeachhermoralvaluesVoiceourfeelingsfrequentlyRespectherownjudgementTeachherhowtofacefailu
31、reEncouragehertobekindtolivingcreaturesDirections: Work in 2 groups to debate which has a stronger influence, heredity or environment.DebateWhichhasastrongerinfluence,heredityorenvironment?SampleExercise,sportsandgoodfoodcanmakeyougrowtallerandstrongerPhysicaltraitsandcertaindiseasescanbeinherited,s
32、uchascancerorhighbloodpressureDebateSampleIntelligentprofessionalschildrenarenotnecessarilyintelligent,sointelligenceisnotinheritedIfheredityismoreimportant,whydowestudyfortests?Thesonofathiefisnotnecessarilyathief.ApersonwithverylowIQcanneverbecomeascientistnomatterhowhardhe/shetriesBothmyparentsar
33、epractical,andthatswhyIlackimaginationApersonwithouta“musicgene”canneverbeamusician1. Translation Skills2. Writing PracticePart IV Translation & WritingTranslation Skills状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译Translation Skills 状语从句也称为副词性从句，与名词性从状语从句也称为副词性从句，与名词性从句和形容词性从句（即定语从句）共同构句和形容词性从句（即定语从句）共同构成英语从句体系。状语从句在全句中的作成英语从句体系
34、。状语从句在全句中的作用类似副词，因此，像副词一样，状语从用类似副词，因此，像副词一样，状语从句在译文中的位置也较为灵活，可采用直句在译文中的位置也较为灵活，可采用直译法、倒译法，将其放在全句之前或全句译法、倒译法，将其放在全句之前或全句之后。此外，还可将状语从句转变为其他之后。此外，还可将状语从句转变为其他从句类型，使中文译文表达更地道。从句类型，使中文译文表达更地道。：Translation Skills（一）状语从句的直译法（一）状语从句的直译法【例句】Once human beings stand up and become masters of their own fate,ther
35、ewillbenodifficultiestheymaynotovercome.一旦人站起来，成为自己命运的主宰一旦人站起来，成为自己命运的主宰，就不会有就不会有他们克服不了的困难。他们克服不了的困难。Translation Skills（二）状语从句的倒译法（二）状语从句的倒译法Thelocalgovernmentwillsetupmorepapermillsif they can get more raw materials.【例句】如果能够得到更多的原材料如果能够得到更多的原材料，当地政府将兴建更多的造纸，当地政府将兴建更多的造纸厂。厂。Translation Skills（三）状语从句
36、的转译法（三）状语从句的转译法【例句】Newthingsalwayshavetoexperiencedifficultiesandsetbacksas they grow.任何新生事物的任何新生事物的成长成长都要经过艰难曲折。都要经过艰难曲折。（状语从句转译为作为主语的名词（状语从句转译为作为主语的名词“成长成长”）。）。.Writing PracticeDirections:Write a composition on the topic: Which has a stronger influence, heredity or environment? Your composition sh
37、ould be no less than 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1) 1) 父母遗传很重要；父母遗传很重要；2) 2) 后天环境影响起关键作用；后天环境影响起关键作用；3) 3) 我们是先天遗传与后天环境我们是先天遗传与后天环境的综合产物。的综合产物。Writing PracticeSampleWhichhasastrongerinfluence,heredityorenvironment?Which is more important in shaping a persons character,
38、heredity or environment? First, let us examine the influence of heredity. A kind-hearted mother may expect a child who is also gentle and kind. An engineer father who used to get high marks in mathematics tests is very likely to have a son or daughter who is also good at math and plans to be an engi
39、neer, maybe because the child inherits the “math gene” from the father. Stubborn (顽固的顽固的) parents are likely to have children who are as hard to turn as a donkey (犟牛般的子女犟牛般的子女). Writing PracticeSample However, the environment also plays a key role in molding many of a childs characteristics. Environ
40、ment can change a person no matter what one inherits from parents. Exercise, sports and good food, for example, can make a person grow taller and stronger, which explains the reason why young Chinese are obviously bigger and taller than their grandparents. Intelligent professionals children are not
41、necessarily intelligent, so intelligence is not inherited. On the other hand, the son of a thief is not necessarily a thief.Writing PracticeSample In conclusion, we are the product of nature and nurture. It is family, schools, and society that work together to shape who we are. Therefore, both heredity and environment have great influence on a persons personality. Heredity creates a person, but environment can create an improved one.
