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1、Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTour and AnderssonTour and AnderssonThe Three Hydronic Conditionsfor an accurate control in HVAC systems精确控制精确控制HVAC系统的三个水力工况条件系统的三个水力工况条件Why and how to satisfy them in the simplest way为什么及如何用最简单的方法满足这些条件1Chin
2、a September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe空调系统的目的空调系统的目的All HVAC installations should reach 2 fundamental objectives:所有空调采暖系统应达到两个主要目的: To deliver the specified comfort level提供要求的舒适度 To reach the first objective, by consuming a minimum
3、 quantity of energy以最少的能耗达到以上目的Production冷热源Distribution输配系统Terminal units末端装置2China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe理论和实践理论和实践In theory, current technology makes it possible to achieve these 2 objectives理论上,现代控制技术使实现这两个目标成为可能I
4、n practice, even the most sophisticated control systems lead often to reduced comfort at increased operation costs但实际上,即使是最复杂的控制系统也不能带来满意的效果,而且运行成本较高3China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe奇怪的现象奇怪的现象 Too hot in some parts, too c
5、old in others 在某些地方太热, 在某些地方太冷 Start up after a set-back difficult in some rooms 在一些房间里回设之后的启动比较困难 Installed power is not deliverable 装机功率不能充分利用 Higher energy consumption than expected 比预期的能耗更高4China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western E
6、urope奇怪的现象奇怪的现象In most cases, solutions are to be found on the hydronic side在大部分案例中, 我们可以从水系统找到答案5China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介为什么水力系统要平衡？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键常见的问题在供热或空调系统中，由于种种原因，大部分输送环路及冷热源
7、机组环路存在水力失调，使得流经终端用户及机组的实际流量与设计流量不符。多数水泵选型偏大或水泵运行在不合适的工作点处，导致水系统处于大流量、小温差运行工况，水泵运行效率低、热量输送效率低。各用户处室温不一致、不稳定，近热源处室温偏高，远热源处室温偏低。近冷源处室温偏低，远冷源处室温偏高。对热源或冷源机组来说，机组达不到其额定出力，使实际运行的机组台数超过按负荷要求的台数。6China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe水力
8、系统平衡的好处？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键提高舒适度保证室温达到设计要求，短时间内达到设定温度流量分配合理水力平衡阀可以吸收超量压差，还可以控制及设定系统所需的流量节约能量，降低运行费用在空调系统中温度每降低1C，会造成能耗升高15%。在供热系统中温度每升高1 C，会造成能耗升高10%。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介7China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe为什么水力系统要平衡
9、？采暖及空调系统中水力平衡的技术是节能及提高供冷或供热品质的关键水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介8China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe水力平衡系统的几种方法？水力失调分为静态水力失调与动态水力失调。静态水力失调是指由于设计、施工、设备材料等原因导致的系统管道特性阻力数比值与设计要求的系统管道特性阻力数比值不一致，从而使系统各户的实际流量与设计要求流量不一致，引起的水力失调，叫做静态水力失调。静态水力失调是稳态的
10、、根本性的，是系统本身所固有的，是暖通空调水系统中水力失调的重要因素。通过在管道系统中增设静态水力平衡阀，在系统初调试过程中对系统管道特性阻力数比值进行调节，使其与设计要求一致，当系统总流量达到设计流量时，各空调单元也同时达到设计流量。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介9China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe水力平衡系统的几种方法？水力失调分为静态水力失调与动态水力失调。动态水力失调是指系统实际运行过程中当某些阀门
11、开度变化引起水流量改变时，系统的压力产生波动，其他用户的流量也发生改变，偏离系统要求流量，从而引起的水力失调，叫做动态水力失调。动态水力失调是动态的、变化的，不是系统本身所固有的，在系统运行的过程中产生的。通过在管道系统中增设动态水力平衡设备，当其它用户阀门开度发生变化时，通过动态水力平衡设备的屏蔽作用，使自身的流量不发生变化，末端流量不互相干扰。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介10China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Eu
12、rope水力循环系统的三个条件水力循环系统的三个条件The design flow must be available at all terminal units in design conditions所有末端装置必须都能够达到设计流量The differential pressure across the control valves must not vary too much.通过控制阀的压差不能有太大的变化The water flows must be compatible at system interfaces.一二次环路水流量必须一致11China September 2004
13、Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe第一个水力工况条件第一个水力工况条件The design flow must be available at all terminal units in design conditions所有末端装置必须都能够达到设计流量第一个水力工况条件第一个水力工况条件12China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, H
14、ydronic College BU Western Europe“ “实用性实用性” ” 优于同程系统优于同程系统对于需要安装同程管道的同程系统，因为系统的不平衡较大的单元将得到更多的流量。只有在所有单元尺寸相等的情况下同程回路可达到平衡同程回路中各单元尺寸不一致不平衡同程管道13China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe自动流量平衡阀淘汰了同程管的使用，节余资金的同时提升系统的工作表现。“ “实用性实用性” ”
15、优于同程系统优于同程系统自动平衡的异程回路同程回路连接不同型号的单元更好的工作状态减少管路和投资14China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe在亚洲通常还在使用同程系统 + 手动平衡“ “实用性实用性” ” 优于同程系统优于同程系统自动平衡的异程回路在同程系统应用手动平衡更好的工作状态减少管路和投资15China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-C
16、hristophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe输配系统输配系统FlowEmissionAt start-up, the first circuits are in overflow to the detriment of the last ones.在刚开始启动时,最近的回路发生过流而损害了最后的回路的流量.The start-up time will be longer for the last circuits.最不利环路的启动时间将相对较长.An overflow does not necessarily mean an inc
17、reased heat output.过流并不会成比例增加热量的输出17China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe输配系统输配系统When a plant is balanced, start-up can be achieved as required by design.当系统平衡时，起动将很快很好地达到设计所需的要求When a plant is unbalanced, it must be started e
18、arlier.当系统不平衡时，必须更早地开始工作（开机）.hoursExtra start-up timeunbalancedRoom temp.balanced24C18China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe输配系统输配系统In many cases, the control system does not control the two-way valves any longer :在许多情况下，控制系统根本
19、不能很好地控制两通阀门Start-up起动Sudden load variation负荷突然变化Weird set-point at the thermostat温控装置的不理想设置19China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe不舒适的成本不舒适的成本The cost of 1C too high room temperature in winter: 6 to 11%在冬季室温每升高在冬季室温每升高1度的成本度的成
20、本: 百分之百分之6到到11The cost of 1C too low room temperature in summer: 12 to 18%在夏季室温每降低在夏季室温每降低1度的成本度的成本:百分之百分之12到到18Unbalanced,Supply t decreasedBalanced平衡Unbalanced不平衡Room temperature 室内温度 C% rooms 室内21China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU West
21、ern Europe AMETALTM alloy AMETALTM 合金 Stem with EPDM O-ring颈部EPDM的O型圈Fast and easy to access self-sealing measuring nipples自密封测量口Draining cock泄水口Shut offValve关断阀Fixedorifice固定孔板Valve with removedhandwheel手轮可卸Drain泄水阀All in one STAD、STAD囊括所有功能Mechanicalmemory机械式记忆装置STADSTAD平衡阀平衡阀22China September 200
22、4Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeSTADSTAD平衡阀平衡阀Spring for mechanical play tightening弹簧压紧装置Handwheel withdigital indication(80 setting positions)数字手轮（80个开度位置）Draining kit can be installed during operation使用中可安装泄水装置23China September 2004Hydron
23、ic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeSTAF STAF 手动平衡阀手动平衡阀160，240或者320位的数字式手轮，机械式记忆设置位置。快速方便的连接测量头自平衡阀芯24China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA-CBITA-CBI 仪表仪表流量，压差以及温度测量快速设置计算机内置
24、平衡法：TA平衡法 可与计算机通讯，配合TA Select II软件编辑平衡数据 数据记录（流量，压差以及温度）最多记录24000个数据The advanced balancing instrument 先进的平衡仪器先进的平衡仪器25China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA-CMI TA-CMI 仪表仪表 Flow, Dp and temp. Measurement 流量，压差以及温度测量 Viscosity
25、 correction (Glycol) 粘度修正（乙二醇） Wireless communication 无线通讯The hydraulic multimeter多功能水力测量仪表多功能水力测量仪表26China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe平衡选型软件平衡选型软件Calculation/Suggestion计算Info/technical documentation技术规格书List of selected p
26、roducts选择结果Project/TA-CBI data项目/TA-CBI 数据TA Select II27China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe平衡选型软件平衡选型软件TA Select II: Editing TA-CBI measured/logged dataTA Select II：编辑：编辑CBI测量测量/记录的数据记录的数据28China September 2004Hydronic Colle
27、geHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeThrough balancing, many operational problems may be detected:通过平衡,许多运作问题可能被发现 Filters or valves clogged 过滤器或阀门阻塞 Terminal units or exchangers wrongly mounted 终端单元和热交换器的错误安装 Pipe damaged or not connected as expected 管道损坏或安装错
28、误 Shut-off valves partially shut 截止阀不能关紧 Check valves or pumps installed back-to-front 止回阀或泵安装方向错误Balancing exposes these flaws while they can still be cheaply repaired. 平衡诊断出了这些缺陷，而且它们能被轻易的改正诊断的要点诊断的要点Diagnostics is the 2nd main use of balancing valves. Diagnostics is the 2nd main use of balancing
29、valves. 系统诊断是使用平衡阀的另一个主要原因系统诊断是使用平衡阀的另一个主要原因29China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe为什么要平衡为什么要平衡 ? ?Adjusting the design flows in all terminal units in design conditions (when all control valves are fully open),while creating m
30、inimum additional pressure drops.调整每个末端的流量至设计流量（当控制阀全开时），同时产生最小的额外压差1) Open a fortune cookie.2) Have a method.30China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe各式各样的平衡方案各式各样的平衡方案3 kPa11 kPa10 kPa15 kPa22 kPa20 kPa15 kPa6 kPa2 kPa5 kPa4 k
31、Pa3 kPa10 kPa25 kPa= 43 kPa= 50 kPa= 65 kPa1.2.3.20 kPa15 kPa20 kPa18 kPa17 kPa22 kPa29 kPa33 kPa32 kPa37 kPa44 kPa31China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe分割成单元分割成单元32China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Chr
32、istophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe分割成单元分割成单元Simplifying the drawing is essential最关键的是简化系统图33China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe分割成单元分割成单元34China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe
33、Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe Proportional method 比例法比例法 adapted from air system balancing methodologies 采用空气系统平衡方法 not optimal in pressure drops 系统压降方面不是最佳 Compensated method (Pr. Robert Petitjean) 补偿法 designed for application with balancing valves 专门为设有平衡阀的系统而设计 optimal in pressure d
34、rops 系统压降最优 TA Balance method (Pr. Robert Petitjean) TA平衡法 fully computerized: automatic determination of the index valve 全电脑计算；自动判断最不利环路 optimal in pressure drops 系统压降最优系统平衡方法系统平衡方法35China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe平衡显示了
35、最佳的设置点平衡显示了最佳的设置点Minimum pressure drops in the balancing valves(with the Compensated Method and TA-Balance)使通过平衡阀的压降最小（补偿法以及TA平衡法）All the pump head in excess islocated in the main valve所有过多的压头都位于主阀上Re-open the main valveand adjust the pump speed重新开启主阀，调整泵速12336China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHyd
36、ronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe实际案例实际案例Pfizer pharmaceutical production unit nearby Tours (France)图尔斯（法国）附近的辉瑞制药工厂 Installed cooling capacity of 5.4 MW (3 chillers in cascade) 总冷量5.4MW （3台冷冻机并联） Total design flow: 773 m/h 总设计流量：773 m/h Problem: production ala
37、rms! 问题：生产线问题 80 TA balancing valves from STAD 15/14 to STAF 200 80个TA平衡阀，从STAD 15/14 到 STAF 200 Audit of plant with TA Circuit based on a first measurement campaign 利用TA Circuit 做系统评估 Presettings calculated with TA Circuit TA Circuit 计算出结果后进行预设定 Viscosity corrections checked with TA Select II 利用TA
38、Select II进行粘度修正 Full balancing performed using TA-Balance on one TA-CBI 利用一台TA-CBI仪器完成了系统平衡的调试37China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe实际节约能耗实际节约能耗Industrial plant5.4 MW cooling capacity889 m/h335 kPa pump headAFTERBalancing平衡后7
39、73 m/h (-13%)270 kPa pump head (-20%)Pumping power saving 电力节约: 39 kWSavings 节约: 17200/yearBEFOREBalancing平衡前38China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe实际案例实际案例Berlaymont Brussels 布鲁塞尔布鲁塞尔(Belgium比利时比利时)European Union Commission b
40、uilding欧盟总部欧盟总部242000 m; 3000 people70 interpreter rooms for simultaneous translation70个同声翻译室39China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe实际案例实际案例Berlaymont Brussels 布鲁塞尔布鲁塞尔(Belgium比利时比利时) 8.7 MW cooling capacity: 7.2MW centrifugal
41、 - glycolised water; 1.5 MW absorption 8.7 MW 制冷量： 7.2MW 离心机; 1.5 MW 溴化锂吸收式制冷 Ice storage capacity: 324 tons of ice/day.畜冰量：324吨/天 7.8 MW heating capacity 7.8 MW 供热量 8 floors with 1200 cooling ceiling units per floor 8层楼，每层楼1200个左右末端 13000 TA balancing valves (STAD 10 to STAF 300) 总共13000个左右TA平衡阀 （
42、STAD 10 to STAF 300 ） 9730 TA terminal control valves + actuators 9730个TA末端控制阀以及执行器 Presettings calculated with TA Circuit TA Circuit 计算出结果后进行预设定 Full air and hydronic balancing achieved by The CommTech Group 由CommTech 集团进行全面的空气以及水力平衡 Hydronic balancing by 2 technicians with 2 TA-CBI 2位工程师用2台CBI完成了整
43、个系统的水力平衡40China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe第二个水力工况条件第二个水力工况条件The differential pressure across the control valves must not vary too much.通过控制阀的压差不能有太大的变化第二个水力工况条件第二个水力工况条件41China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic Colle
44、geJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe对非线性特性进行补偿对非线性特性进行补偿Cooling/heating coilControl valveControl is easy !供冷/供热盘管调节阀控制非常容易！42China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe两通调节阀阀权度两通调节阀阀权度The available Dp on a f
45、ully shut two-way control valve depends on the load conditions (i.e. on the opening of all other control valves). 两通阀全关时资用压差取决于负荷情况（即取决于所有其它调节阀的开启度The available D Dp at one given location is:某一点的资用压某一点的资用压 min. at design conditions, 最小值：发生于设计工况下 max. for the min. total flow in the plant pump head. 最
46、大值：发生于系统流量最小情况下 水泵扬程设计流量下调节阀全开时调节阀全关时43China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe在现实条件下控制阀阀权度经常远远不能满足要求在现实条件下控制阀阀权度经常远远不能满足要求现实条件下, 两通阀的尺寸选择过大以及根据系统要求流量变化而变化的压差导致阀权度远达不到要求在较低的系统要求下, 只有很少的流量和管道摩擦力, 导致作用于控制阀的压差增大一个很小的室温的变化可观的增加输出能量结果
47、 = 振荡控制44China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe两通调节阀阀权度两通调节阀阀权度Control valve authority should not be lower than 0.25控制阀阀权度不应低于0.25行程流量45China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic Colle
48、ge BU Western Europe压差的变化压差的变化010203040506070809010011012013050100150200250300FlowHeat output50 % power20 % flow4% pressuredropAt 50 % of the heat output, the flow in the plant is only 20% of the design value and the pressure drops are reduced to 4%.All the available pump head applies itself on the
49、2-way control valves. 在50%热输出时，系统中流量只有设计流量的20%，压降降至设计压降的4%。所有的水泵资用压头作用于两通调节阀上。100%46China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe控制质量下降控制质量下降Modulating control becomes ON/OFF ! FlowFlowOpeningOpeningPower50%9%34%50%开度调节型控制变成了开关型！调节型控制
50、变成了开关型！功率流量开度流量47China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe过低的阀权度使调节控制工作如开过低的阀权度使调节控制工作如开/ /关阀关阀! !变化的压差造成的过低的阀权度导致昂贵的两通阀的工作状态象便宜的开/关阀门结果 : 温度高低波动TemperatureSet pointTimeTemperatureSet pointTimeTheoryReality48China September 2004Hy
51、dronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe工作过程工作过程+-+-DPSTAPSTADFlow measurementDifferential pressureadjustmentDH流量测量压差调节50China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe工作过程工作过程pBpA= pA-pB
52、 = Circuit Dp for design flowDp STAPDp STAD Spring pushes to open the STAP. Secondary diff. pressure Dpl applies itself on the membrane: 二次侧压差p1作用于膜片上：When Dpl increases, the STAP shuts.当pl增加时，STAP关闭。When Dpl decreases, the STAP opens.当pl减小时，STAP打开。在设计流量下环路压降弹簧驱动打开STAP。pBpA51China September 2004Hydr
53、onic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe压力A通过与STAF的泻水口(1)STAP的出水口(2)相连的毛细管传导压力B作用于阀芯隔膜(3)的另一侧当作用于阀芯隔膜(3)压差(AB)大于设定弹簧拉力时, 阀将逐渐关小只到到达新的平衡点(4)(3)AB(2)DpLH(1)(2)(4)BASTAPSTAP如何工作如何工作52China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Caret
54、te, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeSTAPSTAP安装在支路安装在支路STAPSTAD, STAM or STAF53China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe平衡阀门平衡阀门设计流量设计流量 (100%)50% 设计流量设计流量部分流量时典型阀权度部分流量时典型阀权度 手动平衡手动平衡54China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydroni
55、c CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe自自动平衡平衡 (动态)设计流量流量 (100%)50% 设计流量流量部分流量时典型阀权度部分流量时典型阀权度 自动平衡自动平衡55China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe压差控制器差控制器 (STAP) 安装于各个安装于各个环路环路设计流量流量 100%50% 设计流量流量部分流
56、量时典型阀权度部分流量时典型阀权度 STAPSTAP安装在支路安装在支路56China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeSTAPSTAP安装在各个盘管安装在各个盘管STAD, STAM or STAFSTAP57China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western
57、Europe压差控制器压差控制器 (STAP) 安装于各个控制阀安装于各个控制阀 设计流量流量 100%50% 设计流量流量部分流量时典型阀权度部分流量时典型阀权度 STAPSTAP安装在各个环路安装在各个环路58China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe Stabilisation of the differential pressure applied on the control valves. 稳定控制阀两端
58、的压差 Ensures stable and accurate modulating control.确保稳定及精确的调节型控制 Reduces the risk of noise in terminal unit control valves.降低末端调节阀产生噪音的危险 Allows the shutting of 2-way control valves even for high pump heads.即使水泵压头很高,两通阀也能关闭 Dynamic balancing 动态的平衡 Simple procedure.平衡步骤简单 Ideal for staged projects.对分
59、期实施的项目效果更好差压控制器的好处差压控制器的好处59China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe第三个水力工况条件第三个水力工况条件The water flows must be compatible at system interfaces.一二次环路水流量必须一致第三个水力工况条件第三个水力工况条件60China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJea
60、n-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动平衡阀AC & YR 型15 50mm易于拆卸的阀芯, 用于小口径管道WS 对夹型50 350mm使用多个80mm的阀芯,用于大口径管道。61China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA AutoflowTA Autoflow自动平衡阀自动平衡
61、阀 AC AC 型型 15 50mm 15 50mm防脱锌 (DZR)铜合金阀体, 英制标准螺纹接口。阀芯的筒体和弹簧由等级300的不锈钢制成。弹簧阀芯阀芯测量点测量点 关断关断(球阀球阀)接盘管的连接盘管的连接末端接末端62China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe全全 “ “自动自动” ” 操作操作 自动流量限制式平衡阀芯。平衡阀由工厂预设，避免在施工现场调整。63China September 2004Hydr
62、onic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量64China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量65China
63、September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量66China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自
64、动平衡阀自动限制流量67China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Autoflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量68China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeTA Autoflow TA Aut
65、oflow 自动平衡阀自动限制流量自动平衡阀自动限制流量69China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe不同压差下工作状态不同压差下工作状态压差超过最大设计要求，阀芯筒体全收缩-与节流孔板的功能一致。阀芯筒体根据压差的变化调整开度精确保持设计流量在5%的范围内。压差低于最小设计要求，阀芯筒体全开-与节流孔板的功能一致。70China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic Coll
66、egeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe不同压差下工作状态不同压差下工作状态如下所示例子，压差范围14 210 kPaD Design FlowPressure drop (kPaD)14 (22)kPaD RangeMinimum210kPaD RangeMaximumFlow (L/s)Flow limiting zoneBest to avoid operating above control range71China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic Coll
67、egeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题在没有自动平衡设备的条件下，即使每台冷冻机都安装一台泵，流量也会因为冷冻机分步启动而产生波动。Chiller CondenserON10 L/sCooling Towers30L/sChiller CondenserON10 L/sChiller CondenserON10 L/s72China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydron
68、ic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题对并联运行的定流量水泵，总流量由总的阻力决定- 包括管道。HeadPressureTotal flow (l/s)System resistance curve30All units on03 Combined pumps head curve1 pump head curve2 Combined pumps head curve1020Operating point all units running73China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJea
69、n-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题在系统没有自动平衡的条件下，当部分设备关闭时，管道中流量减少，泵头阻力减少，保持工作的泵加速运行产生过流。Chiller CondenserON17 L/sCooling Towers17L/sChiller CondenserOFF0 L/sChiller CondenserOFF0 L/s74China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydron
70、ic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题在没有自动平衡设备的条件下，当管道中的流量降低，泵头的压力将导致泵速度的增加和持续工作设备的过流。HeadPressureTotal flow (l/s)System resistance curve30All units on03 Combined pumps head curve1 pump head curve2 Combined pumps head curve10Design 1 unit17Actual 1 unitOperating point 1 pump75China September 2004
71、Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题在冷机后安装平衡阀可以有效地解决问题Chiller CondenserON10 L/sCooling Towers30L/sChiller CondenserON10 L/sChiller CondenserON10 L/s76China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydron
72、ic College BU Western Europe解决冷冻机分步启动的问题当泵的工作数量变化时，自动平衡阀将根据系统阻力的变化调整以保持设计流量。HeadPressureTotal flow (l/s)System resistance curve30All units on03 Combined pumps head curve1 pump head curve2 Combined pumps head curve10Design 1 unitOperating point 1 pump77China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic Col
73、legeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe重要重要 : 检查阀门的最小和最大和最大 作用压差在阀门的调整范围内!最大kPaD将在一台泵工作的时候得到。HeadPressureTotal flow (l/s)System curve All 3 units on30All units on0101 unit ondPmaxapplieddPmin appliedSystem curve 1 unit ondPmaxvalveProblematic selection78China September 2004Hy
74、dronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe自动平衡简化系统设计自动平衡阀只需要装在空气处理机组，风机盘管，冷机，冷凝器等处。不需要模块设计。Cooling TowerCooling TowerChillerChillerPrimary pumpPrimary pumpSecondary VSD pump/sDecoupling Bypass= 自动平衡阀FCU & AHUFCU & AHU79China September 2004Hydronic Colle
75、geHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe水力循环系统的三个条件水力循环系统的三个条件Let controllers control使控制器发挥作用Make your HVAC system satisfy the three hydronic conditions确保暖通空调系统满足三个水力工况条件80China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic Colle
76、ge BU Western Europe定流量系统与变流量系统定流量系统定流量是指系统中不含任何动态阀门，主要用于末端设备无须通过流量来调节的系统，如风机盘官采用三速开关，空调箱采用变风量调节温度的空调系统以及系统要求较低，只需补偿器调节供暖水温即可满足需要的采暖系统。定流量系统只存在静态水力失调，不存在动态水力失调，因此只要在相关部位安装静态水力平衡阀即可。通常在系统机房的集水器以及关键的垂直、水平回水支管上安装静态水力平衡阀。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介81China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christop
77、he Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe定流量系统与变流量系统变流量系统变流量是指在系统运行过程中各分支环路的流量随着外界环境负荷的变化而变化的。大部分时间系统流量是低于设计流量。变流量系统一般即存在静态水力失调也存在动态水调，因些既要安装静态水力平衡阀，又要合理选择动态水力平衡设备。通常在系统机房的集水器以及关键的垂直、水平回水支管上安装静态水力平衡阀。在需要恒定流量的锅炉及冷机管路附近安装固定式动态流量平衡阀。在需可调式动态流量平衡时采用静态阀与差压阀结合，对流量进行调节，主要用于重要分支管理及需精确调节的空气处理单元。水力系统平衡简介水
78、力系统平衡简介82China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe动态水力平衡设备可以取代静态水力平衡阀吗？静态水力平衡阀有一个非常可贵的特点，当调试完毕后，既与系统中其他管件组成一体，它保证的不是系统中某一段管道的流量不变，它维持的是系统中各串并联管道间的流量比值与设计流量比值一致。当系统处于部分负荷运行状态时总流量减少时，系统中各分支管路会自动等比例等比例的减少流量，而各分支管道的流量比值不变。动态水力平衡设备是解决暖
79、通空调水系统动态水力失调问题，使系统达到动态水力系统平衡，它的一个基本特征就是克服水力系统流量的变化，既在系统的压力波动时维持自身流量不变流量不变。水力系统平衡简介水力系统平衡简介83China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western EuropeSTAPSTAP安装在支路安装在支路STAPSTAD, STAM or STAF85China September 2004Hydronic CollegeHydronic CollegeJean-Christophe Carette, Hydronic College BU Western Europe自动平衡简化系统设计自动平衡阀只需要装在空气处理机组，风机盘管，冷机，冷凝器等处。不需要模块设计。Cooling TowerCooling TowerChillerChillerPrimary pumpPrimary pumpSecondary VSD pump/sDecoupling Bypass= 自动平衡阀FCU & AHUFCU & AHU86China September 2004
