LOGOMedical Vocabulary Teaching Office of Fundamental NursingWang Juan constructionvEnglish Medical Terminologyvprofessional literature reading vWriting for Abstract of Medical Thesisv ISPN and Related Issues vNursing Process vHealth Assessment vCommunity Health Nursing vNursing Care of the Oldest Old vPromoting Coping in Hospitalized Children vMidwifery and Perinatal Care vPrinciples and Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nursing 医学英语词汇概述医学英语词汇概述 教学内容教学内容医学英语语词的来源医学英语语词的来源医学英语词汇特点医学英语词汇特点 医学词根、前缀、后缀医学词根、前缀、后缀 词词 源源v古英语： 数量极少，只是最基本的人体解剖术语和与人体基本生理功能和疾患相关术语。
v有些单词意义基本没有变化： blood; bone; eye; mouth; hand…v拼写、读音、意义都发生变化： chest breast 词词 源源v希腊语： v借自希腊语的前缀： peri-(周围，围绕，靠近)；auto-(自己，独自)v借自希腊语的词根： append(o)-(阑尾)；mast(o)-(乳腺，乳房)v借自希腊语的单词： colon-(结肠)；coma-(昏迷) 词词 源源v拉丁语： v借自拉丁语的前缀： re-(再，又，重新)；centi-(百)v借自拉丁语的词根： audi(o)-(听觉，听力)； urin(o)-(尿)v借自拉丁语的单词： medicine-(医学)；tumor-(肿瘤) 词词 源源v阿拉伯语：syrup… v法语：hospital; benigh…v德语：aspirin; gene…v意大利语：influenza; malaria…v西班牙语：mosquito; quinine… 词词 源源v中医术语： yin(阴)；yang(阳)；jing(精)；qi(气) tui na(推拿)；acupuncture point(穴位) 医学英语词汇主要特点医学英语词汇主要特点1 1、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇2 2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近3 3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀4 4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词5 5、一个意义常有多个表达、一个意义常有多个表达 1 1、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇、医学英语借用普通英语部分词汇vIrrigation:冲洗--灌溉vSolution:溶液--解决问题vLabor:分娩--劳力vIndication:适应--指示vSecondary:继发性—中级的 2 2、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近、部分医学词汇中英之间音或形相近v音近： penicillin:盘尼西林 Gua Sha: 刮痧v形近： milk tooth:乳齿 chicken breast:鸡胸 3 3、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀、大量医学英语词汇包含词根、词缀vElectrocardiogram：心电图vAutotransplantation:自体移植 4 4、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词、医学英语词汇中存在大量缩略词v字母缩略词： 取自短语:BP=Blood Pressure SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 取自单词：ECG=electrocardiogramv截短词：cardiogram=electrocardiogram 5 5、一个意义常有多个表达、一个意义常有多个表达v近视： myopia; near-sighted; near/short-sightednessv小便： urinate(V.); urine(n.) pass water; pee 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v医学词素医学词素(morpheme)(morpheme)：：v医学词根医学词根(root)(root) v医学词缀医学词缀(affix:prefix,suffix)(affix:prefix,suffix) 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v词根：词根：v可以在不同的单词里出现，但它的基本形式和含义相同 erythr(o)-1、自由词根：abdomen2、黏着词根：vas(o)- 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v前缀（前缀（prefixprefix）：）： 置于词根前对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素1、指事物基本状况的前缀：a-,dys-,hyper-…2、指时间、方位或位置的前缀： ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,trans-…3、指相互关系的前缀：auto-,idio-,homo-…4、指数字的前缀：uni-,bi-,tri-,cent-… 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v后缀（后缀（suffixsuffix）：）： 置于词根后对词根的含义加以补充与限定的词素v常常用于单词后作为添加词素来改变词汇含义的一小部分或改变词性，但不可能改变一个单词的含义v简单后缀（simple suffix） 复合性后缀（compound suffix） 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v简单后缀：简单后缀：v形容词后缀：-ar,-ic,-itic…v动词后缀：-ize,-ate,-fy…v名词后缀：-oma,-ia,-itis…v副词后缀：-ad,-ward,-wise… 医学英语词汇结构医学英语词汇结构v复合性后缀：复合性后缀： 由部分词根和简单后缀结合而成v-graphy=-graph+y:process of recordingv-logy=-log+y:study,sciencev-uria=-ur+ia:urine condition v连接元音字母：连接元音字母： 在两个词素之间常会被添加进一个连接元音字 母，以使人们在连读这两个词素时，在语音上顺 口流畅。
v连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一连接元音字母大多出现在两个词素相连而后一个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在个词素的起始字母发辅音的情况下，尤其是在前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的前一个词素的末尾字母发辅音而后一个词素的起始字母也发辅音的情况下起始字母也发辅音的情况下 6 6个连接元音字母：个连接元音字母：vo:o:为最常见的连接元音字母为最常见的连接元音字母vi:i:为较常见的连接元音字母为较常见的连接元音字母va,e,u:a,e,u:较少见的连接元音字母较少见的连接元音字母vy:y:为最少见连接元音字母为最少见连接元音字母 v-o-: therm（温）+meter（测量器）：thermometerv-i-：insect（虫）+cide（杀）：insecticidev-a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagonv-e-：liqu（液）+fy（…化）：liquefyv-u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple 连接元音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时连接元音字母的标注：一个词素在后连另一词素时需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的需要添加的连接元音字母是特定的。
vmy-,myo-:my-,myo-:肌肌vost-,osto-:ost-,osto-:骨骨vdent-,denti-,dento-:dent-,denti-,dento-:牙牙vant-,anti-:ant-,anti-:对立，反抗，制止对立，反抗，制止 快速记忆快速记忆v-centesis 穿刺术穿刺术v-graphy 记录，摄影记录，摄影v-plasty 成型术成型术v-scopy 镜检镜检v-stasis 停止，制止停止，制止 测试测试varthrocentesis vcardiography vmyoplasty vcystoscopy vmycostasis vpelvimetry v关节穿刺术关节穿刺术v心电图心电图v肌成型术肌成型术v膀胱镜检查膀胱镜检查v抑制霉菌作用抑制霉菌作用v骨盆测量仪骨盆测量仪 医学英语常用词根及构词医学英语常用词根及构词 呼吸系统（呼吸系统（The respiratory system) This includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from them. The purpose of this system is to take in air ,and from it extract oxygen which is then dissolved into the blood and conveyed to all the tissues . A waste product of the cells ,carbon dioxide ,is taken by the blood to the lungs ,whence it is expelled to the outside air. The respiratory system 1、呼吸、呼吸breathv词根：-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o)v例词：orthopnea端坐呼吸；pneumothorax气胸； Pneumoperitoneum气腹；expiration呼气2、鼻、鼻nosev词根：nas(o)-,rhin(o)-v例词：nasopharynx鼻咽；rhinitis鼻炎 3、喉、喉throat词根：laryng(o)-例词：laryngitis喉炎；laryngospasm喉痉挛4、气管、气管windpipe词根：trache(o)-例词：tracheotomy气管切开术； tracheal气管的The respiratory system 5、支气管、支气管bronchi词根：bronch(o)-例词：bronchiectasis支气管扩张； bronchitis支气管炎6、细支气管、细支气管bronchiole词根：bronchiol(o)-例词：bronchiolitis细支气管炎； bronchiole细支气管The respiratory system 7、肺、肺lung：：词根：pneumon(o)-,pulmo(n)(o)-例词：pneumonia肺炎；pulmonary肺的8、胸、胸chest：：词根：thorac(o)-例词：thoracentesis胸腔穿刺术；The respiratory system PracticePracticevRespiratory distress syndrome vPneumoniavLung ventilationvMetabolic compensationvdyspneav呼吸窘迫综合征呼吸窘迫综合征v肺炎肺炎v肺通气肺通气v代谢代偿代谢代偿v呼吸困难呼吸困难 Diagnostic termsvInspection：视诊vAuscultation ：听诊 vPercussion：叩诊vPalpation：触诊 AbbreviationsvARDSvBronchvCOPDvCPRvCXRvDPT AbbreviationsvARDS: Adult (or acute) respiratory distress syndromevCOPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasevCPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitationvCXR: Chest X-rayvDPT: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus The circulatory systemvThe heart ,blood vessels, lymph vessels and lymph nodes all make up the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues, bringing with it food ,oxygen and other substances ,and carrying away waste materials. The circulatory system1、心、心heart：：v词根：词根：cardi(o)-v例词：例词：electrocardiogram心电图；心电图； cardiomyopathy心肌病心肌病2、心房、心房auricle：：v词根：词根：atri(o)-v例词：例词：atrial心房的；心房的；sinoatrial窦房的窦房的 The circulatory system3、心室、心室ventricle：：v词根：词根：ventricul(o)-v例词：例词：ventricular心室的；心室的； interventricular室间的室间的4、瓣膜、瓣膜valve：：v词根：词根：valvul(o)-v例词：例词：valvular瓣膜的瓣膜的 The circulatory system5、血管、血管vessel：：词根：词根：vas(o)-,angi(o)-例词：例词：vasculitis血管炎；血管炎； angiography血管造影血管造影6、动脉、动脉artery：：词根：词根：arteri(o)-例词：例词：arteriography动脉造影；动脉造影； arteritis动脉炎动脉炎 The circulatory system7、静脉、静脉vein：：词根：词根：ven(o)-,phleb(o)-例词：例词：venous静脉的；静脉的；phlebitis静脉炎静脉炎8、主动脉、主动脉aorta：：词根：词根：aort(o)-例词：例词：aortitis主动脉炎；主动脉炎；aortic主动脉的主动脉的 The circulatory system9、毛细血管、毛细血管capillary：：v词根：词根：capillar(o)-v例词：例词：postcapillary后毛细血管；后毛细血管； 10、脉搏、脉搏pulse:v词根：词根：puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-v例词：例词：pulse脉搏；脉搏；sphygmogram脉搏图脉搏图 PracticePracticevAcute myocardial infarctionvPrimary coronary stentingvAngioplastyvProspective studyvIntracoronary stentv急性心肌梗死急性心肌梗死v冠状动脉主支架术冠状动脉主支架术v血管成形术血管成形术v前瞻性研究前瞻性研究v冠状动脉内支架冠状动脉内支架 AbbreviationsvAFvBPvCathvCCUvCHDvCHFvCVPvDVTvECCvHDLvLDL AbbreviationsvAF：atrial fibrillationvBP: blood pressurevCath: catheterizationvCCU: coronary care unitvCHD: coronary heart diseasevCHF: congestive heart failure AbbreviationsvCVP: central venous pressurevDVT: deep venous thrombosisvECC: extracorporeal circulationvHDL: high-density lipoproteinvLDL: low-density lipoprotein The digestive systemThis system comprises all organs which have to do with taking in food and converting the useful parts of it into substances that the body cells can use .Examples of these organs are the mouth, the teeth ,and the alimentary tract. The digestive system1、咽、咽throat：：v词根：词根：pharyng(o)-v例词：例词：pharyngitis咽炎咽炎2、胃、胃stomach：：v词根：词根：gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-v例词：例词：gastritis胃炎；胃炎；stomachache胃痛胃痛 The digestive system3、肠、肠intestine：：v词根：词根：enter（（o））-v例词：例词：enteritis肠炎；肠炎；entercele肠膨出肠膨出4、消化、消化digestion：：v词根：词根：peps(o)-,-gest(o)-v例词：例词：dyspepsia消化不良；消化不良；digestion消化消化 The digestive system5、胆囊、胆囊gallbladder：：v词根：词根：cholecyst(o)-v例词：例词：cholecystitis胆囊炎；胆囊炎；6、肝、肝liver:v词根：词根：hepat(o)-v例词：例词：hepatitis肝炎；肝炎；hepatocyte肝细胞肝细胞 The digestive system7、阑尾、阑尾appendix：：v词根：词根：appendic(o)-v例词：例词：appendicular阑尾的；阑尾的； appendicitis阑尾炎阑尾炎 PracticePracticevHypoplasiavLeft hepatic lobevGallbladderv发育不全发育不全v左肝叶左肝叶v胆囊胆囊 The urinary system This is also called the excretory system. Its main components are the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. Its purpose is to filter out and rid of the body of certain waste products taken by the blood from the cells. The urinary system1、尿、尿urine:词根：词根：urin(o)-,ur(o)-例词：例词：urine尿；尿；hematuria血尿血尿2、肾、肾kidney：：词根：词根：ren(o)-,nephr(o)-例词：例词：suprarenal肾上的；肾上的；nephritis肾炎肾炎3、输尿管、输尿管ureter:词根：词根：ureter(o)-例词：例词：ureteric输尿管的；输尿管的； ureterocele输尿管膨出输尿管膨出 The urinary system4、膀胱、膀胱bladder词根：词根：vesic(o)-,cyst(o)-例词：例词：vesical膀胱的；膀胱的；cystitis膀胱炎膀胱炎5、尿道、尿道urethra:词根：词根：urethr(o)-,meat(o)-例词：例词：urethritis尿道炎；尿道炎； The urinary system6、睾丸、睾丸testis:词根：词根：test(o)-,testicul(o)-,orchid(o)-, orchid(o)-,didym(o)-例词：例词：ovotestis卵睾体；卵睾体； orchitis睾丸炎睾丸炎 epididymis隐睾隐睾 The urinary system7、前列腺、前列腺prostate：：词根：词根：prostat(o)-例词：例词：prostatic前列腺的；前列腺的；prostatitis前列腺炎前列腺炎8、肾盂、肾盂renal pelvis:词根：词根：pelvi(o)-,pyel(o)-例词：例词： pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎肾盂肾炎 PracticePracticevTransitional cell carcinomavChronic renal failurevHemodialysis vInvasive bladder cancervRenal pelvic tumorv移行细胞癌移行细胞癌v慢性肾衰慢性肾衰v血透血透v侵袭性膀胱癌侵袭性膀胱癌v肾盂肿瘤肾盂肿瘤 AbbreviationsvADHvARFvCRFvIVPvUAvUTIvcysto AbbreviationsvADH: antidiuretic hormonevARF: acute renal failurevCRF: chronic renal failurevIVP: intravenous pyelogramvUA: urinalysisvUTI: urinary tract infectionvcysto: cystoscopic examination The endocrine systemvA few scattered organs know as endocrine glands produce special substances called hormones, which regulates such body functions as growth, food utilization within the cells ,and reproduction. Examples of endocrine glands are the thyroid and the pituitary glands . The endocrine system1、分泌、分泌secretion：：v词根：词根：crin(o)-,secret(o)-v例词：例词：endocrine内分泌；内分泌；secretive分泌的分泌的2、腺、腺gland:v词根：词根：aden(o)-v例词：例词：adenoma腺瘤；腺瘤；adenocarcinoma腺癌腺癌3、下丘脑、下丘脑hypothalamus：：v词根：词根：hypothalam(o)-v例词：例词：hypothalamus下丘脑；下丘脑； hypothalamic下丘脑的下丘脑的 The endocrine system4、垂体、垂体pituitary：：v词根：词根：pitui-, hypophys-v例词：例词：pituitary垂体；垂体；hypophyseal垂体的垂体的5、松果体的、松果体的pineal：：v词根：词根：pineal(o)-v例词：例词：parapineal松果体旁的；松果体旁的； pinealoma松果体瘤松果体瘤6、甲状腺、甲状腺thyroid：：v词根：词根：thyr(o)-v例词：例词：thyroiditis甲状腺炎；甲状腺炎；thyroxine甲状腺素甲状腺素 The endocrine system7、性腺、性腺gonad：：v词根：词根：gonad(o)-v例词：例词：gonadal性腺的性腺的v8、钙、钙calcium：：v词根：词根：calc(i)-v例词：例词：calcification钙化钙化9、皮质、皮质cortex：：v词根：词根：cortic(o)-v例词：例词：corticosterone皮质酮；皮质酮； corticosteroid皮质类固醇皮质类固醇 The endocrine system10、胸腺、胸腺thymus：：v词根：词根：thym(o)-v例词：例词：thymosin胸腺素；胸腺素； thymocyte胸腺细胞胸腺细胞11、葡萄糖、葡萄糖glucose：：v词根：词根：gluc(o)-v例词：例词：glucocorticoids糖皮质激素糖皮质激素 PracticePracticevPerturbationvCortisolvEstrogenvGrowth hormonevthyroidv紊乱紊乱v皮质醇皮质醇v雌激素雌激素v生长激素生长激素v甲状腺的甲状腺的 AbbreviationsvBMRvGTTvHGHvFBSvTFT AbbreviationsvBMR: basal metabolic ratevGTT: glucose tolerance testvHGH: human growth hormonevFBS: fasting blood sugarvTFT: thyroid function test The nervous systemvThe brain ,the spinal cord and the nerves all make up this very complex system by which all parts of the body are controlled and coordinated. The organs of special sense, sometimes classed as a separate sensory system, together with the sense of touch ,receive stimuli from the outside world, which are then converted into impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain determines to a great extent the body’s responses to messages from without and within ,and in it occur such higher functions as memory and reasoning. 1、脑、脑brain：：v词根：词根：encephal(o)-v例词：例词：encephalitis脑炎；脑炎； encephalomyelitis脑脊髓炎脑脊髓炎2、大脑、大脑cerebrum：：v词根：词根：cerebr(o)-v例词：例词：cerebrovascular脑血管的脑血管的The nervous system 3、小脑、小脑cerebellum：：v词根：词根：cerebell(o)-v例词：例词：cerebrocerebellum皮层小脑；皮层小脑； 4、丘脑、丘脑thalamus：：v词根：词根：thalam(o)-v例词：例词：epithalamus上丘脑；上丘脑；subthalamus底丘脑底丘脑5、髓质、髓质marrow：：v词根：词根：medull(o)-v例词：例词：medullary髓质的髓质的The nervous system The nervous system6、脑膜、脊膜、脑膜、脊膜membrane：：v词根：词根：mening(o)-v例词：例词：meningitis脑膜炎；脑膜炎；meningocele脊膜膨出脊膜膨出7、脑室、脑室ventricle：：v词根：词根：ventricul(o)-v例词：例词：intraventricular脑室内的脑室内的 The nervous system8、脊柱、脊柱spine：：v词根：词根：spin(o)-v例词：例词：spinal脊柱的；脊柱的；cerebrospinal脑脊的脑脊的9、运动、运动motor：：v词根：词根：-kinesiav例词：例词：bradykinesia运动迟缓；运动迟缓； hyperkinesia运动过多运动过多10、轴、轴突、轴、轴突axon：：v词根：词根：ax(o)-v例词：例词：axonopathy轴突病；轴突病；axplasm轴质轴质 The nervous system13、迷走、迷走vagus：：v词根：词根：vag(o)-v例词：例词：vagal迷走的；迷走的；14、精神、意志、精神、意志mind：：v词根：词根：psych(o)-v例词：例词：psychotic精神的；精神的；psychiatry精神病学精神病学15、神经、神经nerve：：v词根：词根：neur(o)-v例词：例词：neuroscience神经科学；神经科学； neurology神经病学神经病学 The nervous system16、皮质、皮质cortex：：v词根：词根：cortic(o)-v例词：例词：corticosteroid皮质类固醇；皮质类固醇；cortical皮质的皮质的17、蛛网膜、蛛网膜arachnoid：：v词根：词根：arachn(o)-v例词：例词：subarachnoid蛛网膜下；蛛网膜下； arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎蛛网膜炎18、锥体、锥体pyramid：：v词根：词根：pyramid(o)-v例词：例词：pyramidal锥体的；锥体的；extrapyramidal锥体外的锥体外的 The nervous system22、交感神经、交感神经sympathetic nerve：：v词根：词根：sympath(o)-v例词：例词：sympathoblast交感神经细胞交感神经细胞23、观念，理想、观念，理想idea:v词根：词根：ide(o)-v例词：例词：ideal观念的；观念的；idealism理想主义理想主义 PracticePracticevEncephalitisvSignal intensityvUpper ponsvBrainstemvMagnetic resonancev脑炎脑炎v信号强度信号强度v上桥脑上桥脑v脑干脑干v磁共振磁共振 AbbreviationsvCSFvCNSvCVAvEEGvICPvLP AbbreviationsvCSF: cerebrospinal fluidvCNS: central nervous systemvCVA: cerebrovascular accidentvEEG: electroencephalogramvICP: intracranial pressurevLP: lumbar puncture The integumentary systemvThe word “integument” means “skin”. The skin is considered by some authorities to be a separate body system. It includes the hair, nails ,sweat and oil gland ,and other related structures . 1、眼、眼eye:v词根：词根：ocul(o)-;ophthalm(o)-v例词：例词：oculomotor动眼的；动眼的；ophthalmitis眼炎眼炎2、睑、睑eyelid：：v词根：词根：blephar(o)-v例词：例词：blepharitis睑缘炎；睑缘炎； blepharospasm眼睑痉挛眼睑痉挛3、睫、睫eyelash：：v词根：词根：cycl(o)-v例词：例词：cyclodiathermy睫状体透热术睫状体透热术The integumentary systemSense organs The integumentary system5、角膜、角膜cornea：：v词根：词根：corne(o)-;kerat(o)-v例词：例词：corneal角膜的；角膜的；keratitis角膜炎角膜炎6、结膜、结膜conjunctiva:v词根：词根：conjunctiv(o)-v例词：例词：conjunctivitis结膜炎；结膜炎；conjunctival结膜的结膜的 The integumentary system7、虹膜、虹膜iris：：v词根：词根：irid(o)-v例词：例词：iridectomy虹膜切除术虹膜切除术8、巩膜、巩膜sclera：：v词根：词根：scler(o)-v例词：例词：scleritis巩膜炎巩膜炎 The integumentary system9、视网膜、视网膜retina：：v词根：词根：retin(o)-v例词：例词：retinitis视网膜炎视网膜炎10、皮肤、皮肤skin：：v词根：词根：cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-v例词：例词：subcutaneous皮下的；皮下的；dermatitis皮炎皮炎 dermatosis皮肤病皮肤病 The integumentary system11、耳、耳ear：：v词根：词根：auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-v例词：例词：auricula耳廓；耳廓；auris耳；耳； otosclerosis耳硬化耳硬化15、感觉、感觉sensation:v词根：词根：sens(o)-;esthesi(o)-v例词：例词：sensory感觉的；感觉的；paraesthesia感觉异常感觉异常 The integumentary system16、视觉、视力、视觉、视力vision：：v词根：词根：-opiav例词：例词：diplopia复视；复视；myopia近视近视18、皮脂、皮脂sebum：：v词根：词根：seb(o)-v例词：例词：sebaceous皮脂的皮脂的 The integumentary system19、瞳孔、瞳孔pupil:v词根：词根：pupill(o)-v例词：例词：pupillometer瞳孔计；瞳孔计；25、听觉、听力、听觉、听力hearing：：v词根：词根：audi(o)-;acou-v例词：例词：audiology听力学；听力学；acoustic听的听的 The integumentary systemSense organs26、嗅觉、嗅、嗅觉、嗅smell：：v词根：词根：olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-v例词：例词：olfactory嗅觉的嗅觉的27、味觉、味觉taste：：v词根：词根：gust(o)-;-geusi(o)-v例词：例词：gustation味觉味觉 PracticePracticevPupilvIntracutaneousvMyopiavRhinitisvRetinal detachmentv瞳孔瞳孔v皮内的皮内的v近视近视v鼻炎鼻炎v视网膜脱离视网膜脱离 AbbreviationsvIOPvODvOSvOUvVAvVF AbbreviationsvIOP: intraocular pressurevOD: right eyevOS: left eyevOU: each eye vVA: visual acuityvVF: visual field The skeletal and muscular systemvThe basic framework of the body is a system of over 200 bones with their joints. Collectively know as the skeleton.vBody movements are due to the action of the muscles which are attached to the bones. Other types of muscles are present in the walls of such organs as the intestine and the heart. 1、肌肉、肌肉muscle：：v词根：词根：muscul(o)-;my(o)-例词：例词：myoglobin肌红蛋白肌红蛋白2、骨、骨bone：：v词根：词根：os-;osse(o)-;oste(o)v例词：例词：ossicles小骨；小骨；ossification成骨；成骨； osteoblast破骨细胞破骨细胞The skeletal and muscular system 3、软骨、软骨cartilage：：v词根：词根：chondr(o)-v例词：例词：synchondrosis软骨结合；软骨结合； chondroma软骨瘤软骨瘤6、韧带、韧带ligament：：v词根：词根：ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-v例词：例词：ligamentous韧带的韧带的The skeletal and muscular system 7、骨骼、骨骼skeleton：：v词根：词根：skelet(o)-v例词：例词：skeletal骨骼的骨骼的8、颅骨、颅骨skull：：v词根：词根：crani(o)-v例词：例词：craniofacial颅面的；颅面的；craniometer颅骨量器颅骨量器The skeletal and muscular system 9、盘、盘disk：：v词根：词根：disc(o)-v例词：例词：discitis关节盘炎关节盘炎10、骶骨、骶骨sacrum：：v词根：词根：sacr(o)-v例词：例词：sacroiliac骶髂的骶髂的The skeletal and muscular system 11、脊柱、棘、脊柱、棘spine,rachis：：v词根：词根：spin(o)-v例词：例词：spinocerebellum脊髓小脑脊髓小脑12、肋骨、肋骨rib：：v词根：词根：costa;cost(o)-v例词：例词：intercostals肋间的；肋间的； costomediastinal肋纵隔的肋纵隔的The skeletal and muscular system 21、胸骨、胸骨sternum：：v词根：词根：stern(o)-v例词：例词：sternothyroid胸骨甲状软骨的胸骨甲状软骨的 22、枢椎、枢椎axis：：v词根：词根：axi(o)-v例词：例词：axial轴的；轴的；axonal轴突的轴突的The skeletal and muscular system 23、尾骨、尾骨coccyx：：v词根：词根：coccy(o)-v例词：例词：coccygeal尾的尾的24、关节、关节joint：：v词根：词根：arthr(o)-v例词：例词：arthritis关节炎；关节炎； arthrodesis关节固定术关节固定术The skeletal and muscular system PracticePracticevBone marrowvMusclevStem cellvBone regenerationvfemurv骨髓骨髓v肌肉肌肉v干细胞干细胞v骨再生骨再生v股骨股骨 AbbreviationsvIMvEMGvRAvROMvSLE AbbreviationsvIM: intramuscularvEMG: electromyogramvRA: rheumatoid arthritisvROM: range of motion The reproductive systemvThis system includes the external sex organs and all related inner structures which are concerned with the production of new individuals. The reproductive system1、生殖、生殖reproduction：：v词根：词根：genit(o)-v例词：例词：genital生殖的；生殖的；urogenital泌尿生殖的泌尿生殖的2、子宫、子宫womb:v词根：词根：uter(o)-,uter(in)(o)-,hyster(o)-,metr(o)-v例词：例词：uterine子宫的；子宫的；hysteroscope子宫镜；子宫镜； perimetrium子宫外膜子宫外膜 The reproductive system3、女阴、女阴cunnus:v词根：词根：vulv(o)-v例词：例词：vulva外阴外阴4、阴道、阴道vagina：：v词根：词根：vagin(o)-,colp(o)-v例词：例词：vaginitis阴道炎；阴道炎；colposcope阴道镜阴道镜 The reproductive system5、骨盆、骨盆pelvis:v词根：词根：pelvi-v例词：例词：pelvic骨盆的；骨盆的；6、耻骨、耻骨pubis：：v词根：词根：pub(o)-v例词：例词：pubovesical耻骨膀胱的；耻骨膀胱的； The reproductive system8、卵、卵egg:v词根：词根：ovi(o)-,ovul(o),ov(o)-,oo-v例词：例词：ovulation排卵；排卵；oocyte卵细胞卵细胞9、月经、月经menstruation:v词根：词根：men(o)-v例词：例词：menopause绝经；绝经；amenorrhea闭经闭经 The reproductive system10、妊娠、妊娠cyesis:v词根：词根：pregn(o)-v例词：例词：pregnancy妊娠；妊娠；impregnation受精受精11、胚胎、胚胎embryo:v词根：词根：embry(o)-v例词：例词：embryology胚胎学；胚胎学； embryonic胚胎的胚胎的12、羊膜，羊水、羊膜，羊水amnion：：v词根：词根：amni(o)-v例词：例词：amnioscope羊膜镜；羊膜镜；amniotic羊膜的羊膜的 The reproductive system13、绒毛膜、绒毛膜chorion:v词根：词根：chori(o)-v例词：例词：chorionic绒毛膜的；绒毛膜的； choriocarcinoma绒毛膜癌绒毛膜癌14、胎盘、胎盘placenta：：v词根：词根：placent(o)-v例词：例词：placental胎盘的；胎盘的； uteroplacental子宫胎盘的子宫胎盘的 The reproductive system15、胎儿、胎儿fetus：：v词根：词根：fet(o)-v例词：例词：fetal胎儿的；胎儿的；fetoscope胎儿镜胎儿镜16、产次、产次parity:v词根：词根：-parav例词：例词：primipara初产妇初产妇17、雄、男、雄、男male:v词根：词根：andro(o)-v例词：例词：androgen雄激素；雄激素； The reproductive system18、精子、精子semen：：v词根：词根：semin(o)-,sperma(t)(o)-v例词：例词：seminal精液的；精液的；spermatozoon精子精子19、老年的、老年的old：：v词根：词根：sen-v例词：例词：senility老年期；老年期；senescence衰老衰老 The reproductive system20、卵巢、卵巢ovary：：v词根：词根：ovari(o)-,oophor(o)-v例词：例词：ovariotestis卵巢体；卵巢体；21、输卵管、输卵管fallopian tube：：v词根：词根：salping(o)-,-salpinxv例词：例词：hydrosalpinx输卵管积水输卵管积水 The reproductive system26、分娩、分娩delivery：：v词根：词根：parturi(o)-,toc(o)-v例词：例词：parturition分娩；分娩；tocology产科学产科学28、处女膜、处女膜hymen:v词根：词根：hymen(o)-v例词：例词：hymen处女膜；处女膜；hymenal处女膜的处女膜的 PracticePracticevGynecological tissuesvTotal abdominal hysterectomyvPortio vaginalisvMyometriumvovaryv女性生殖组织女性生殖组织v经腹全子宫切除术经腹全子宫切除术v阴道部阴道部v子宫肌层子宫肌层v卵巢卵巢 AbbreviationsvCSvCxvDUBvEDCvEMBvFHTvIUDvOBvGYN AbbreviationsvCS: cesarean sectionvCx: cervixvDUB: dysfunctional uterine bleedingvEDC: estimated date of confinementvEMB: endometrial biopsyvFHT: fetal heart tonesvIUD: intrauterine devicevOB: obstetricsvGYN: gynecology The End..... 。