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1、人教版高中英语人教版高中英语系列优秀课件系列优秀课件.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandLecture 1 Geography (2)Lecture 1 Geography (2)English Speaking English Speaking CountriesCountries.I.Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各英国的不同名称及其各组组成部分成部分II.Geographical Features 英国的地理特征英国的地理特征III.Rive
2、rs and Lakes 河流与湖泊河流与湖泊IV.Climate 气候气候Wwhatsfor.III.RiversandLakes，Mountain河流与湖河流与湖泊泊BenNevisisthehighestmountaininBritain(1,343m).本尼本尼维维斯山斯山为为英国最高峰，海拔英国最高峰，海拔1,343米。米。BenNevis,inScotland,isthehighestpointintheBritishIsles.1. Rivers a. Importance: Great ports (through river) to sea; Rivers to both E
3、uropean Continent and fishing grounds; Rivers (carry raw materials) to inland. b. Rivers: Severn River (338 km): longest river; Thames River (336 km): second largest and most important (water transportation, Oxford site); River Clyde: most important river in Scotland. .a. Severn River is the longest
4、 river in Britain (338km).塞文河是英国最塞文河是英国最长长的河流。全的河流。全长长338公里。公里。TheRiverSevern(Welsh:AfonHafren,Latin:Sabrina)isthelongestriverinGreatBritain,at220miles(354km).Itrisesatanaltitudeof2,001feet(610m)onPlynlimonnearLlanidloes,Powys,intheCambrianMountainsofmidWales.布里斯托海峡布里斯托海峡BristolChannel）.b. Thames Ri
5、ver is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km).泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。全是英国最重要的河。全长长336公公里。里。.c.RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.克莱德河是克莱德河是苏苏格格兰兰最重要的河流。最重要的河流。SnowdoniaisthehighestmountaininWales.（1,085m）斯诺多尼亚是威斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点，尔士的最高点，海拔海拔1,085米。米。.2. Lakes
6、 a. Lough Neagh: largest lake in Britain (located in Northern Ireland). b. Lake District: One of the popular tourist attractions in Britain; 15 lakes, the largest ones are Windermere, Ullswater, Derwentwater and Coniston Water; The home of the lake poets of 19th century: Wordsworth, Coleridge and So
7、uthey. .a.LoughNeaghisthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.(396squarekilometres).讷湖内伊湖是英国最大的湖，位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。.b.LakeDistrictInEngland.IV. Climate 气候气候1.Britainsfavorableclimate英国有利的英国有利的气候条件气候条件:Britainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyre
8、liablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.英国属于海洋性气候:冬季不过于寒冷，夏季不过于炎热。全年有稳定可靠的降雨量，气温变化幅度小。.GulfStream湾流.2.The factors influence the climate in Britain:影响英国气候的因素影响英国气候的因素:1Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingupthelandinwinterandcoolingitoffin
9、summer;环绕四周的海水。冬天，海水可使岛内气温升高，夏天则使气温降低，从而起到平衡季节温差的作用；2)Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyearroundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适宜；3TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsth
10、em.北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。.Greenwich Mean Time世界闻名的英国天文台，现位于英国南海岸苏塞克郡的赫斯特蒙苏堡。格林威治天文台始建于1675年，位于英国首都伦敦的格林威治，第二次世界大战后迁往新址，但保留了“格林威治皇家天文台的名称。1884年，经过这个天文台的子午线被确定为全球的时间和经度计量的标准参考子午线，也称为本初子午线，即零度经线。 格林威治天文台初建之时，目的在于精确地观测月球和恒星，帮助航海家确定经度。现在它已经发展为英国的一个综合性光学天文台。2019年12月28日，一种新的时间系统格林威治电子时间GET正式诞生，它将为全球电子商务提供一
11、个时间标准。而原有的格林威治时间GMT仍将保留，作为21世纪的世界标准时间。.3.Rainfall降雨量:Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超过1000毫米。英国北部、西部雨量过多，但是南部、东部有所缺乏。.Inthesecondhalfofthe19t
12、hcenturyandthefirsthalfofthe20th,Londonwasnotedforitsdensefogsandsmogs.FollowingthedeadlyGreatSmogof1952,theCleanAirAct1956waspassed,leadingtothedeclineofsuchseverepollutioninthecapital.TheGreatSmog(orBigSmoke)ofLondonistheseveresmogthataffectedthecityduringtheperiodofFriday5thtoTuesday9thDecember19
13、52,andisacknowledgedastheUKsworstairpollutionevent.Earlierreportssuggestedthat4000diedprematurelyand100,000weremadeillbytheGreatSmog,butmorerecentresearchhasshownthatthenumberofsmog-relateddeathswasunderestimatedandisnowthoughttobeconsiderablyhigheraround12,000.TheLondonSmogof1952isacknowledgedasone
14、ofthemostsignificantpollutionepisodesinhistoryintermsofitsimpactonenvironmentalresearch,governmentregulation,andpublicawarenessoftherelationshipbetweenairqualityandhealth.BritainWEATHERInstability&changeability.V. Major Cities.Edinburgh,Edinburgh,capital of capital of ScotlandScotlandCardiff,Cardiff
15、,capital of Walescapital of WalesScotlandScotlandWalesWalesLondon,London,capital of capital of EnglandEnglandBelfast,Belfast,capital ofcapital of Northern Ireland Northern IrelandDublin,Dublin,capital of capital of Republic of IrelandRepublic of Ireland.LondonTop:CityofLondonskyline,Middle:PalaceofW
16、estminster,Bottomleft:TowerBridge,Bottomright:TowerofLondon.LondoncontainsfourWorldHeritageSites:theTowerofLondon;thehistoricsettlementofGreenwich;theRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew;andthesitecomprisingthePalaceofWestminster,WestminsterAbbeyandSt.MargaretsChurch.HerMajestysRoyalPalaceandFortress,morecommonl
17、yknownastheTowerofLondon(andhistoricallyasTheTower),isahistoricfortressandscheduledmonumentincentralLondon,England,onthenorthbankoftheRiverThames.ItislocatedwithintheLondonBoroughofTowerHamletsandisseparatedfromtheeasternedgeoftheCityofLondonbytheopenspaceknownasTowerHill.Itistheoldestbuildingusedby
18、theBritishgovernment.Thetowersprimaryfunctionwasafortress,aroyalpalace,andaprison(particularlyforhighstatusandroyalprisoners,suchasthePrincesintheTowerandthefutureQueenElizabethI).ThislastusehasledtothephrasesenttotheTower(meaningimprisoned).Ithasalsoservedasaplaceofexecutionandtorture,anarmoury,atr
19、easury,azoo,theRoyalMint,apublicrecordsoffice,anobservatory,andsince1303,thehomeoftheCrownJewelsoftheUnitedKingdom.TowerHill-ToweroflondonByherownchoice,AnneBoleynwasbeheadedwithasword.ThelastbeheadingonTowerHillwasin1747.BuckinghamPalace白金汉宫.伦敦海德公园Hyde Park Hyde Park .BritishMuseum,London,England和纽
20、约的大都会艺术博物馆、法国的卢浮宫并称世界三大博物馆.TheRoyalOperaHouse.Palace of Westminster国会大厦国会大厦ThePalaceofWestminster,alsoknownastheHousesofParliament,isacomplexofbuildingsinLondon.ItistheseatofthetwohousesoftheParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom(theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons).ThepalaceliesonthenorthbankoftheRiverThames
21、intheLondonboroughoftheCityofWestminster,closetothegovernmentbuildingsofWhitehall.Big Ben大笨钟大笨钟.Greenwich(pronounced/rnt/(listen)GREN-itch,/rnd/GREN-idge,or/rnd/GRIN-idge)isadistrictinsouth-eastLondon,England,onthesouthbankoftheRiverThamesintheLondonBoroughofGreenwich.Itisbestknownforitsmaritimehist
22、oryandasgivingitsnametotheGreenwichMeridian(0longitude)andGreenwichMeanTime.ThetownbecamethesiteofaRoyalpalace,thePalaceofPlacentiafromthe15thcentury,andwasthebirthplaceofmanyintheHouseofTudor,includingHenryVIIIandElizabethI.ThepalacefellintodisrepairduringtheEnglishCivilWarandwasrebuiltastheRoyalNa
23、valHospitalforSailorsbySirChristopherWrenandhisassistantNicholasHawksmoor.ThesebuildingsbecametheRoyalNavalCollegein1873,andtheyremainedanestablishmentformilitaryeducationuntil2019whentheypassedintothehandsoftheGreenwichFoundation.Thehistoricroomswithinthesebuildingsremainopentothepublic;otherbuildi
24、ngsareusedbyUniversityofGreenwichandtheTrinityCollegeofMusic.WestminsterAbbeyUNESCOWorldHeritageSitepoetscorner.SaintMargaretsChurch*UNESCOWorldHeritageSiteTheCollegiateChurchofStPeteratWestminster,whichisalmostalwaysreferredtopopularlyandinformallyasWestminsterAbbey,isalarge,mainlyGothicchurch,inWe
25、stminster,London,justtothewestofthePalaceofWestminster.ItisthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteforEnglish,laterBritishandlaterstill(andcurrently)monarchsoftheCommonwealthRealms.Itbrieflyheldthestatusofacathedralfrom15461556,andisaRoyalPeculiar.CoventGarden(pronounced/kvnt/)isadistrictinLondo
26、n,England,locatedintheeasternmostpartsoftheCityofWestminsterandthesouthwesterncorneroftheLondonBoroughofCamden.Theareaisdominatedbyshopping,streetperformers,andentertainmentfacilities,anditcontainsanentrancetotheRoyalOperaHouse,whichisalsowidely-knownsimplyasCoventGarden,andthebustlingSevenDialsarea
27、.Edinburgh CastleEdinburgh.One of the top European Universities and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Famous graduates include: Charles Darwin, David Hume, and Adam Smith.Adam Smith 亚亚当斯密当斯密Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy.David Hume 休谟Scottish philosopher, known especially
28、 for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism.William Wallace was a Scottish patriot and leader of Scottish resistance to English rule. He was beheaded in 1305 Movie: Braveheart.Robert the Bruce was King of Scotland after the death of Wallace.He learned much from Wallace and eventually defeated t
29、he English army in 1307.He also successfully defended Scotland from Englands further attempts to control Scotland StatueofRoberttheBruceinEdinburghCastle. Scottish poet and a lyricist. Ntl poet of Scotland. Pioneer of the Romantic movement. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the S
30、cots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, understood to an audience beyond Scotland. A Red, Red Rose Auld Lang Syne Scots Wha Hae.OmyLuveslikeared,redrose ThatsnewlysprunginJune; OmyLuveslikethemelodie Thatssweetlyplaydintune. Asfairartthou,mybonnielas
31、s, SodeepinluveamI: AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear, Tillatheseasgangdry: Tillatheseasgangdry,mydear, Andtherocksmeltwithesun: Iwillluvetheestill,mydear, Whilethesandsolifeshallrun. Andfaretheewell,myonlyLuve Andfaretheewell,awhile! AndIwillcomeagain,myLuve, Thoitweretenthousandmile.is traditionally su
32、ng to start the New Year at the stroke of midnight. It is also sung at funerals, graduations, and other farewell occasions.Auld Lang Syne is Scots for: old long since, or more idiomatically, long long ago.Shouldoldacquaintancebeforgot,andneverbroughttomind?Shouldoldacquaintancebeforgot,and(daysof)ol
33、dlangsyne?Forauldlangsyne,mydear,forauldlangsyne,welltakeacupofkindnessyet,for(daysof)auldlangsyne.Scots Wha Hae (Scots, Who Have”) is a patriotic song of Scotland which served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of the countryIt was written as a speech given by Robert the Bruce before
34、a battle where Scotland maintained its sovereignty from England. (the Battle of Bannockburn (1314).Scots,whahaewiWallacebled,Scots,whamBrucehasaftenled,Welcometoyeryourgorybed,Ortovictorie.Nowstheday,andnowsthehour:Seethefrontobattlelour,SeeapproachproudEdwardspower-ChainsandSlavery.Whawillbeatraito
35、rknave?Whawillfillacowardsgrave?Whasobase卑asbeaslave?Lethimturnandfleerunaway.Wha,forScotlandskingandlaw,Freedomsswordwillstronglydraw,Freemanstand,orFreemanfa,Lethimonwithme.ByOppressionswoesandpains,Byyoursonsinservilechains!Wewilldrain泄ourdearestveins血管,Buttheyshallbefree.Laytheproudusurperslow,T
36、yrantsfallineveryfoeenemy,Libertysineveryblow!-Letusdoordie.SirWalterScottEdinburghNotableresidentsScotlandhasarichhistoryinscienceandengineering,withEdinburghcontributingitsfairshareoffamousnames.JamesClerkMaxwell,thefounderofthemoderntheoryofelectromagnetism,wasbornhereandeducatedattheEdinburghAca
37、demyandUniversityofEdinburgh,aswastheengineerandtelephonepioneerAlexanderGrahamBell.OthernamesconnectedtothecityincludeMaxBorn,physicistandNobellaureate;CharlesDarwin,thebiologistwhodiscoverednaturalselection;DavidHume,aphilosopher,economistandhistorian;JamesHutton,regardedastheFatherofGeology;JohnN
38、apierinventoroflogarithms;chemistandoneofthefoundersofthermodynamicsJosephBlack;pioneeringmedicalresearchersJosephListerandJamesYoungSimpson;chemistanddiscovereroftheelementnitrogen,DanielRutherford;mathematiciananddeveloperofthemaclaurinseries,ColinMaclaurinandIanWilmut,thegeneticistinvolvedinthecl
39、oningofDollythesheepjustoutsideEdinburgh.ThestuffedcarcassofDollythesheepisnowondisplayintheNationalMuseumofScotland.沃尔特司各特爵士WalterScott1771-1832在十九世纪早期英国浪漫主义文学中占有特殊地位。他一搜集民间歌谣并创作富有浪漫主义色彩和冒险情节的民间诗歌开始他的文学生涯，被誉为西欧历史小说之父。他在苏格兰人民心目中更是深受尊敬并被引为苏格兰人民的骄傲.CityandCityandCountyofCountyofCardiffCardiffCardiff(p
40、ronounced/krdf/(listen),Welsh:Caerdydd(info)isthecapital,largestcityandmostpopulouscountyofWales.ThecityisWaleschiefcommercialcentre,thebaseformanynationalculturalandsportinginstitutions,theWelshnationalmedia,andtheseatoftheNationalAssemblyforWales.Accordingtorecentestimates,thepopulationoftheunitaryauthorityareais321,000.CardiffisasignificanttourismcentreandthemostpopularvisitordestinationinWaleswith11.7millionvisitorsin2019.BelfastBelfastCityHall.
