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1、专题十四 简单句的基本句型1. 概念：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子叫作简单句。2. 分类（1）句子分类（按结构）：简单句、并列复合句、主从复合句（2）简单句的基本句型主语+系动词+表语：S+V+P主语+不及物动词：S+V 考点归纳考点归纳主语+及物动词+宾语：S+V+O主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语：S+V+IO+DO主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语：S+V+O+OCthere be句型 考点归纳考点归纳考点一：考点一：简单句的五种基本句型句的五种基本句型1. 句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。(1) 主语：名词、代词主格
2、、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。(2) 谓语：动词，一般位于主语之后如：He put the book on the table. 他把书放在桌上。(3) 宾语：名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I lost my school ID card. 我丢了校园卡。 考点梳理考点梳理（4）表语：在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等如：My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的钥匙在书包里。（5）定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等如：The white model plan
3、e is hers. 白色的飞机模型是她的。（6）状语：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等如：Sports star eats well. 运动明星吃得很好。 考点梳理考点梳理（7）宾语补足语：形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等如：The loud music makes me nervous. 吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。（8）同位语：名词、数词、代词或从句如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 考点梳理考点梳理（9）连系动词的种类：be动词类：am，is，are，was，were
4、表示变化类：become，get，turn 感官动词类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel 表示延续性的动词：remain，stay，keep 考点梳理考点梳理2. 简单句的五种基本句型(1) 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）如：You look happy. 你看起来很高兴。(2) 主语+不及物动词（S+V）如：We talked a lot. 我们谈了很多。(3) 主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）如：I really enjoy my English class. 我真的很喜欢英语课。(4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）如：He sent
5、me some flowers. 他给我送了些花。(5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）如：I find English interesting. 我发现英语很有趣。 考点梳理考点梳理1. The twins fond of the new idea in the magazine article(2016上海市） A. be B. am C. is D. are2. Tom, dont throw the rubbish on the floor. We should keep the classroom . Oh, sorry. Miss Wang. (2015自贡市
6、) A. clean B. quiet C. dirty D. noisy3. The oranges sweet. Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou. (2016郴州市) A. taste B. eat C. drink D. see 考点自测考点自测DAA4. When the boy heard the words, his face red. (2016龙东地区) A. got B. turned C. changed D. became5. Dont hurry him. You will just have to be and
7、wait until he finishes the work. (2016安徽省) A. active B. careful C. patient D. famous 考点自测考点自测BC6. Tomorrow is our teachers birthday and we are going to give a big surprise. (2016淮安市) A. his B. him C. he D. himself7. What do you think of Chinese teacher, Jim？ Shes an excellent teacher, Ive improved a
8、 lot since she taught Chinese. (2016黄冈市) A. our；us B. our；our C. ours；us D. ours；our 考点自测考点自测BA考点二：考点二：there be句型句型1. there be句型的结构：There + be+某人 / 某物+某地表示：某地有某人或者某物2. there be句型的各种句式（1）肯定句：There are some trees in the picture.（2）否定句：There arent any trees in the picture. （将否定词not放在be 之后）（3）疑问句： Are t
9、here any trees in the picture? （将be 放在there 之前） Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) （回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语） 考点梳理考点梳理3. there be句型的各种时态（1）一般现在时：there is / are 如：There is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果。（2）一般过去时：there was / were 如：There was a football match in our school yesterday. 昨天我们学校有一场足球赛。（3）一般将来时：th
10、ere is going to be或 there will be 如：There will be a class meeting this afternoon. 今天下午有班会。 考点梳理考点梳理4.There be句型的主谓一致there be+并列主语结构中，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致，即就近原则。如：（1）There is a book and two pens on the desk. (a book 与be动词最近，故用is） 桌面上有一本书和两支笔。（2）There are two pens and a book on the desk. (two pens与be动词最近，故用
11、are） 桌面上有两支笔和一本书。 考点梳理考点梳理5. there be句型的反意疑问句there be 句型的附加疑问词要用there来充当，而不用it或者they来充当。如：There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isnt there? 花园里有个漂亮女孩，是吗？6. 辨析there be和have / hasthere be强调某地存在某物 / 某人have / has强调某人拥有某物（强调主语和宾语的所属关系） 如：There are quite a few trees in the school. 学校里有许多树。 I have a lot
12、 of good friends. 我有很多好朋友。 考点梳理考点梳理1. there any living things on other planets? I have no ideas. Maybe we can know more about that in the future. (2015广东省) A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have2. Excuse me. Is there a bus to the Olympic Center? .You can take the No.11 bus. (2016宜昌市) A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there is C. Im not sure D. Sorry, I have no ideaBB 考点自测考点自测
