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1、Unit 19Language你会“口语”的同时懂“手语”吗?请阅读下面这篇文章吧!Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignlanguageisuniqueitsaspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoexplorehowthebraingenerates1andunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificdebate:whetherlangua
2、ge,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehaviour.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofoneteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworldsonlyliberal2artsuniversityfordeafpeople.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,he
3、wasenrolledinacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingstrange:amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode3,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidgin4English.Bu
4、tStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:mightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?Andcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronearth?Itwas1955andStokoesideawasconsideredacademicheresy5.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignlanguageisanaturallanguagelikeEnglish,Fre
5、nchandJapanese.Theyassumed6languagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation7ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplained,“isthatlanguageisnotrelatedtomouthbutbrain.”单词注释难句剖析导读诱思1.generate/denreIt/vt.形成;产生2.liberal/lIbrl/adj.开明的;人文的;不拘泥的3.code/kd/n.代码4.
6、pidgin/pIdIn/n.混杂语言5.heresy/hersi/n.异端邪说6.assume/sjum/vt.假定7.modulation/mdjleIn/n.调节;调整单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignlanguageisuniqueitsaspeechofthehand.剖析:句中的inthepast20years为时间状语,“only+状语”置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装;that引导宾语从句,作动词realized的宾语。译文:仅仅在过去的二十年里,研究语言的专家
7、们才意识到手语是独特的它是一种手的语言。单词注释难句剖析导读诱思1.Whostartedthepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguage?2.AccordingtoBillStokoe,whatislanguagerelatedto?答案:AnEnglishteacher.答案:Brain.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思Warm-up & Lesson 1Language Learning一二三四五六七一、释义搭配1.adjust A.thefactofsb.beingaway2.attainB.tomakesmallchangestosth.inordertoimpr
8、oveit3.absenceC.tosucceedingettingsth.4.guaranteeD.tomakeitcertainthatsth.willhappen5.surroundE.totellsb.aboutsth.6.informF.tostarttogofaster7.ensureG.tobeallaroundsb./sth.8.accelerateH.afirmpromisethatyouwilldosth.orthatsth.willhappen9.foldI.thestateofbeingexactorcorrect10.accuracyJ.tobendintotwoor
9、moreparts答案:110BCAHGEDFJI二、短语互译1.getahead2.standout3.intheabsenceof4.relyon5.taketheformof 6.holdthekeyto7.确保,务必8.告知某人某事9.记住10.以防万一取得成功;获得进步突出,显眼缺乏,不存在依赖,指望以的形式出现;存在抓住的关键makesureinformsb.ofsth.keepinmindincase一二三四五六七三、指出下列句子中画线部分是什么从句1.Itisnecessarythatwelivealow-carbonlife.2.Whowilltakeoverthecompa
10、nyisnotknown.3.ThatswhyIlikethefilmABeautifulMind.4.IhavenoideawhodidbestintheAsianGames.5.Shecantdecidewhethershewillattendtheparty.1.2.3.4.5.主语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句宾语从句一二三四五六七四、选词填空 1.Thetruthisshelikeslivingalone.2.IreallydontknowbikeIshouldchoose.3.canIworkouttheproblemthatpuzzlesme?4.Itisntknownyetwi
11、llgiveusalecture.5.Itsdoubtfultherellbeanyseatsleft.whichwhothathowwhetherthatwhichHowwhowhether一二三四五六七五、阅读课文GET AHEAD WITH YOUR ENGLISH,完成下列各题1.WhyhavemoreandmorepeopledecidedtolearnEnglishinrecentyears?A.Becausetheythinkitscooltoknowanewlanguage.B.BecauseEnglishisacompulsorycourseinschools.C.Becau
12、sethegrowthofinternationalcompaniesandthegreatadvancesincommunicationsmakepeoplerealizetheyneedtolearnEnglishasaforeignlanguage.答案:C一二三四五六七2.Accordingtosometheories,whatisthebestwaytolearnaforeignlanguage?A.Learningaforeignlanguageinitsnativelanguageenvironment.B.Rememberingallthewordsinthedictionar
13、y.C.Practicingitinyourdailylifeasmuchasyoucan.3.WhatshouldteachersdotohelpstudentslearnEnglishintheclassroom?A.LetstudentsmemorizesomeEnglishpassages.B.TrytoexplaintheEnglishgrammarclearly.C.Trytocreatearichlanguageenvironmentintheclassroom.答案:A答案:C一二三四五六七4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothe
14、text?A.Setachievabletargetsandaskyourfriendstomotivateyou.B.UseallyoursparetimetostudyEnglish.C.Ifyoureachatarget,treatyourself.5.WhenyoulearnEnglish,whatdoyouneedtokeepinmindtostaydedicated?A.Yourtargets.B.ThetimeyouspendonEnglish.C.ThereasonwhyyouarelearningEnglish.答案:B答案:C一二三四五六七六、阅读课文GET AHEAD W
15、ITH YOUR ENGLISH,回答下列问题1.WhenwasitforetoldthatEnglishwouldcoverthewholeworld?2.Whyareteachersencouragedtocreatearichlanguageenvironmentintheclassroom?3.Whatisrequiredofthematerialsthattheteachersgivetothestudents?答案:Inthe1700s.答案:BecausebydoingthisthestudentscangetanadequateamountofinputinEnglish.答案
16、:Thematerialsmustbeofthehighestquality.一二三四五六七4.Whyisitimportanttostudywithyourclassmates?5.Howmanywaysarereferredtoinlearningalanguagefor15minutesadayinthetext?答案:Becausebystudyingwithyourclassmates,youcantesteachotherandsharelearningstrategiesthismakeslearningmoreenjoyable.答案:Sixways.一二三四五六七七、根据你对
17、课文的理解,将下面的表格补充完整GetaheadwithyourEnglishimportancepredictedtrendstandout一二三四五六七absencerelyonguarantee一二三四五六七suggestions/tips/advicetargetsRewarding一二三四五六七123456789101112131415161.fluency n.流利度,流畅度Hissonwaspraisedforspeechesofremarkablefluency.他儿子因为发言流畅自然而得到了表扬。HespeaksEnglishandFrenchwithequalfluency
18、.他的英语和法语说得同样流利。归纳:withfluency表示“流畅地,流利地”。阅读下面的句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义Heisfluentinfiveforeignlanguages.他能流利地讲五种外语。词性:形容词含义:流利的归纳:befluentinsth.表示“在方面流利”。活学活用语法填空1)His(fluent)inChinesewasremarkeduponbyallhisChinesecolleagues.2)Aninterpretermustbefluentatleasttwolanguages.fluencyin123456789101112131415162.accur
19、acy n.精确度,准确度Wecannotguaranteetheaccuracyofthesefigures.我们不能保证这些数据的准确性。Everybankpayscloseattentiontotheworkingspeedandaccuracyofitsstaff.每家银行都非常关注员工工作的速度和准确度。12345678910111213141516【高考典句】Powerful,yes,butnotalwaysaccurate.(电话)的确如此强大,但却并不总是很准确。Itsimpossibletopredicttheweatheraccurately.准确无误地预报天气是不可能的。
20、Shehitstheballwithgreataccuracy.她击球很准。归纳accurateadj.表示“准确的”;accuratelyadv.表示“准确地,精确地”;withaccuracy也表示“准确地”。12345678910111213141516活学活用语法填空1)(accurate)ismoreimportantthanspeedinhisnewjob.2)Itwasimpossibletostate(accuracy)thenumberoftheinjured.Accuracyaccurately1234567891011121314151612345678910111213
21、1415163.A person folds his arms across his chest.有一个人双臂环抱在胸前。考点foldv.折叠;交叉Hefoldedthemapupandputitinhispocket.他把地图折叠起来,放进了口袋。【高考典句】(2017全国高考)Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.人们可以把这些零件折叠成一个小包并系在腰带上。活学活用语法填空1)Inthecafeteria,thewaitresseswere(fold)thechairswhiletheboss(fol
22、d)hisarmsaside.2)Theteachercameinwithhisarms(fold).foldingfoldedfolded4.Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language.如果你已经用母语看过这则消息,再用英语阅读这则消息就没有意义了。剖析这是一个复合句。if在句中引导条件状语从句。考点Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth.做某事没有意义。Thereisnopoint(in)gettingupsetaboutit.为这件事
23、不安是没有用的。123456789101112131415161)类似句型:Thereisnoneedtodo.没必要做Thereisnodoubtthat.毫无疑问Itisnowonderthat.难怪2)由point构成的短语:come/gettothepoint谈正题tothepoint恰当;中肯onthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事时活学活用语法填空Thereisnopoint(try)totalkhimintojoiningus.Heenjoysbeingalone.trying123456789101112131415165.It was predicted as e
24、arly as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪,人们就预言英语有一天将会成为全球性语言,而这一预言在过去的几十年中已经得到证实。剖析本句是由and连接的并列句。前一个分句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句;后一个分句中的that为代词。在英语中,在不便或不必指明某种看法、说法或消息的来源时,往往使用句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+t
25、odosth.”。考点Itispredictedthat.据预测Itispredictedthatmanyyoungpeoplewillbuytheirhousesincities.据预测,很多年轻人会在城市里买房子。12345678910111213141516Itisbelievedthat.人们认为;人们相信Itisconsideredthat.有人认为Itisreportedthat.据报道Itissaidthat.据说Itissupposedthat.据推测Itistoldthat.据传Itiswellknownthat.众所周知Itisgenerallyacceptedthat.人
26、们通常认为;一般认为;大家公认Itissuggestedthat.有人建议以上句式可以转换成sth./sb.+be+predicted/said/believed.+todo.12345678910111213141516上面的句子可以改写成:Manyyoungpeoplearepredictedtobuytheirhousesincities.活学活用语法填空1)isgenerallybelievedthathealthisjustlikethenumber“1”,withoutwhichallthe“0”saremeaningless.2)Heissaid(finish)hisnovela
27、yearago,butIdontknowwhyithasntcomeout.Ittohavefinished123456789101112131415166.In todays world,being able to speak more than one language,including English,is how you stand out and get ahead.在当今世界,能够说包括英语在内的多种语言,是使你突出和取得成功的一种方式。剖析本句是一个复合句。how在句中引导表语从句;主句中用了动词-ing短语beingableto.作主语。考点一morethan超过,多于【高考
28、典句】Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.这些小生物们有着无私奉献的精神,它们在这个地球上存活了一亿四千多万年,比恐龙存活的时间要久远得多。123456789101112131415161)“morethan+名词”表示“不仅仅是”。Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。Davidismor
29、ethanateacher;heisawriter,too.戴维不仅是一位老师,他还是一位作家。2)“morethan+形容词”表示“很,非常”。Indoingscientificexperiments,onemustbemorethancarefulwiththeinstruments.在做科学实验时,必须非常小心地使用这些仪器。12345678910111213141516提示:1)在“more.than.”中,肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的内容,可译为“是而不是”。Everythingintheworldshouldberegardedmoreasinmotionth
30、anasatrest.世界万物都应该看成是在运动之中,而不是处于静止状态。2)“morethan”或“more.than.”后接含“can”的分句时表示“否定意义”。ThatsmorethanIcando.那不是我能做到的。12345678910111213141516考点二standout突出,显眼,引人注目Joyceisthesortofpersonwhostandsoutinacrowd.乔伊丝是那种在人群中很显眼的人。【高考典句】Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovet
31、herest.正如人们所预料的那样,总体上来说他的写作思路很清晰,并且说句公道话,其中的一些章节也确实出类拔萃。123456789101112131415161)注意standout的其他用法:Heorderedthesoldiertostandout.他命令那名士兵出列。Theyrestandingoutagainstanychangeinthelaw.他们反对对法律作任何修改。归纳:standout还可以表示“向前跨步”;“坚持”。2)与stand相关的短语:standby袖手旁观standbehind支持standfor代表standup站立12345678910111213141516
32、考点三getahead取得成功,获得进步Hewantstogetaheadinhiscareer.他想在事业上取得成功。与get相关的常用短语还有:getacross被理解getdownto开始认真对待getover克服getintouchwith与取得联系getthrough完成;接通(电话);度过getdown写下,记下12345678910111213141516活学活用完成句子1)Im(很高兴)totakeyouthereinmycar.语法填空2)Herinterestingface,withalongnoseandbigeyes,iswhatmakesherstand.3)Shes
33、oongotoftheothersinherclass.morethanhappyoutahead123456789101112131415167.However,learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而,没有英语语言环境,学英语是很难的。考点absencen.缺乏;缺席Hewassetfreebecauseoftheabsenceofdefiniteproof.因为缺乏确凿的证据,他被释放了。【高考典句】(2017全国高
34、考)Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.由于缺少灰狼,草原狼的数量也急剧增长。123456789101112131415161)注意absence的其他用法:Histeacherbegantosuspectthereasonforhislongabsence.他的老师开始怀疑他长期缺勤的原因。归纳:absence还可以表示“不在,缺勤”。2)阅读下列句子,体会黑体词的词性及含义Shehasbeenabsentfromschoolforthreedays.她已经旷课3天了。词性:形容词含义:缺席的;缺勤的Lovewastot
35、allyabsentfromhischildhood.他童年时根本没有得到过爱。词性:形容词含义:缺少的;缺乏的归纳:beabsentfrom表示“不参加;缺少”。12345678910111213141516活学活用语法填空1)Itisbecauseofalong(absent)fromschoolthatIamabitbehindtheotherclassmates.完成句子2)由于没有进一步的证据证明他有罪,警察不得不放了他。furtherevidencetoprovehewasguilty,thepolicehadtoreleasehim.absenceIntheabsenceof12
36、3456789101112131415163)相关短语:intheabsenceof.不在时;缺少时inonesabsence某人不在时absenceofmind心不在焉8.Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language,you need to be surrounded by it.一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为,要想达到高水平的外语流利度和准确性,你得置身于该语言的环境中。剖析re
37、spected是过去分词作定语,修饰theories。that引导宾语从句;toattainahighlevel.是不定式作目的状语。归纳:过去分词作定语,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句,单个的过去分词位于被修饰的名词前,过去分词短语位于被修饰的名词后。12345678910111213141516考点一attainvt.达到;获得Notallpeoplecanattainthisstandard.并非所有的人都能达到这个标准。Stillmoreeffortsareneededbeforewecanattainfame.我们还需要付出更多努力,才能获得荣誉。辨析:attain,achieve,o
38、btain,acquire与gain1234567891011121314151612345678910111213141516考点二surroundvt.环绕,围绕Thisvillageissurroundedbymanytalltrees.这个村子被许多大树包围着。归纳:表示“被包围”,用besurroundedby.。派生词:surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.(pl.)环境12345678910111213141516活学活用选词填空(attain/acquire)1)Manypeoplehopetheycouldthespecialskill.2)Wetr
39、iedhardtohisstandard.语法填空3)Anislandisasmallpieceofland(surround)bywater.4)Wearegoingtoplantmorethan300trees(surround)theschoolyard.acquireattainsurroundedsurrounding123456789101112131415169.What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the student
40、s through various mediums.这就意味着,他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。剖析Whatthismeans.是主语从句,that引导表语从句。thereisanadequateamountof.是宾语从句,conveyed.是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰anadequateamountofinput。考点一makesure确保;务必【高考典句】Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.每天他都会确保使用新鲜的蔬菜和高品质的食用油来烹饪。Iwilltrymyb
41、esttomakesureofherhappiness.我会尽全力来确保她的幸福。12345678910111213141516归纳makesure后可接that从句作宾语,常用一般现在时表示将来;后接名词时需加介词of。考点二adequateadj.足够的,充分的Thespaceavailableisnotadequateforourneeds.现有的空间不能满足我们的需要。Ihopehewillbeadequatetothejob.我希望他能胜任这项工作。归纳beadequatefor的意思是“对来说是足够的”,主语是物。beadequateto的意思是“胜任”,主语是人。派生词:adeq
42、uatelyadv.足够地,充分地12345678910111213141516活学活用语法填空1)Linda,makesurethetables(set)beforetheguestsarrive.2)Istheparkingspaceadequateallthecarsinthecommunity?Imafraidnot,onlyabouthalf.3)Ihavenoideawhocanbeadequatethejob.aresetforto1234567891011121314151610.Quality input ensures quality output,whether it i
43、s speaking or writing.不管是说还是写,高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。剖析本句是一个复合句。whether.or.在句中引导让步状语从句。【高考典句】Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasionoratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymboloftogetherness.无论是在特殊的场合,还是在家庭餐桌上,分享面包都是很常见的和睦的象征。123456789101112131415161)注意whether的用法:Whetherornothewillstay,Idontreallycare.他是否要留下
44、来,我真的不在意。IdliketobeinformedwhetherIamacceptedornot.不论我是否被录用,我都希望能得到通知。2)whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,但下列情况要用whether,不用if。whether后能直接加ornot,if不能。whether能用于动词discuss之后,if不能。whether能用于动词不定式之前,if不能。whether能用于介词之后,if不能。whether能引导同位语从句、主语从句、表语从句,if不能。12345678910111213141516考点ensurevt.确保,保证Wheninternationalaidisgiv
45、en,stepsmustbetakentoensurethattheaidreachesthepeopleforwhomitisintended.当给予国际援助时,必须采取措施确保援助能到达本应援助的人。Pleaseensurethatallthelightsareswitchedoffatnight.夜间请务必关掉所有的灯。活学活用语法填空1)Hetolduswhether(have)apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.2)Wemustensureallpatientshaveaccesstohighqualitycare.3)Itdoesntmatteryoupa
46、ybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.tohavethatwhether1234567891011121314151611.Here are what they recommend:下面是他们(对英语学习)的建议:剖析本句是倒装句。正常语序为:Whattheyrecommendarehere.what在句中引导主语从句。here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首时,常引起完全倒装,这时谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run等。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Thencamethemomentwehadbeenlookingforw
47、ardto.接下来就到了我们期待已久的时刻。Hereisyourletter.你的信在这里。12345678910111213141516表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首时常引起完全倒装,这时谓语常用表示运动的动词。Outrushedatallyoungman.一个高个子年轻人冲了出来。Atthenexttablesataprettygirlwaitingforsomeone.隔壁桌坐着一个在等人的漂亮姑娘。提示:上述完全倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词,则句子不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.他来了。12345678910111213141516活学活用将下列句子变
48、为完全倒装句1)Wildflowersofallkindsaregrowingonthehillsides.2)Adeeplakeliesinthemiddleoftheforest.3)Allthestudentsrushedoutoftheclassroom.4)Atempleliesthere.答案:Growingonthehillsidesarewildflowersofallkinds.答案:Inthemiddleoftheforestliesadeeplake.答案:Outoftheclassroomrushedallthestudents.答案:Thereliesatemple.
49、1234567891011121314151612.Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.读之前了解(新闻的)主要内容能确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解(所读新闻)。剖析knowing.是动词-ing短语作主语;whenreadinginEnglish是省略了的时间状语从句。Youmuststudyhardwhile(youare)young,oryouwillregretwhen(youare)old.趁年轻时要努力学习,不然到老了你
50、会后悔的。Iwontgounless(Iam)invited.我不会去,除非受到邀请。Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenientforyou.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。12345678910111213141516归纳在英语中,一些表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等的状语从句,如果其主语与主句主语一致或者主语为it,且从句谓语包含动词be,那么可以将从句的主语或it和动词be省略。考点guaranteevt.保证【高考典句】OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreasein
51、yourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage.我们的标准课程保证您能在外语学习上信心大增123456789101112131415161)注意guarantee的其他用法:Allourproductsareguaranteedforthreeyears.我们所有的产品保修三年。Icantgiveyouanyguaranteeatthemoment.现在我不能给你任何承诺。Thenewtelevisioncomeswithatwo-yearguarantee.这台新电视有两年的保修期。归纳:guarantee用作动词时,除了表示“保证”外,还可以表示“保修”;用作名词时,表示
52、“承诺”,“保修期”。123456789101112131415162)guarantee的常见搭配:beguaranteedtodosth.肯定会做某事guaranteesb./sth.againststh.保证免受underguarantee在保修期内Asisoftensaid,badmannersareguaranteedtoturnothersoff.常言道,不讲礼貌必定让人生厌。Thepolicyguaranteesusagainstanyloss.这项政策确保我们免受任何损失。3)派生词:guarantorn.保证人(尤指债务担保人)guaranteedadj.保证的,担保的123
53、45678910111213141516活学活用语法填空1)Thepoliceshouldguaranteethepassers-by,especiallythechildren,absolutelysafewhile(cross)thestreets.2)Canyouguarantee(offer)meajobwhenIgetthere?Youknow,Ihavetoworkinordertopayformyschooling.3)Mycomputerdoesnotwork.Fortunately,itisguarantee.4)Thewashingmachineisguaranteedfi
54、veyears.crossingtoofferunderfor1234567891011121314151613.Watching a favourite DVD,but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.观看你最喜爱的一张光盘,但要把你熟悉的那些部分的语言调换成英语。考点adjustvt.调节;调整【高考典句】Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.很显然,学生们不能很好地调整他们的睡眠周期以适应他们
55、的日常安排。Wewillstartat9:00p.m.andnowletsadjustourwatches.我们将在晚上九点出发,现在让我们对对表。ShemustlearntoadjustherselftothelifeinBritain.她必须学会适应英国的生活。12345678910111213141516Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytostandingtheheatofthecountry.他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的天气。归纳:adjust.to.表示“调整使适应”,adjustoneselfto表示“使自己适应”,to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式
56、。123456789101112131415161)派生词:adjustableadj.可调整的adjustmentn.调整,调节2)辨析:adjust和adapt这两个词都有“适应,适合”的意思。adjust表示“调整/调节使之适应”。Watchoutforsharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordingly.当心急转弯并相应调整车速。adapt表示“修改或改变以适应新条件”。Youshouldadaptyourselftothenewenvironment.你应该使自己适应新环境。12345678910111213141516活学活用完成句子1)Eventhoug
57、hMarkhaslivedinChinaformanyyears,hestillcannot(使自己适应)theChinesecustoms.语法填空2)Youcantseethroughthetelescopeuntilitisadjustedyoureyes.3)Whenachildisstudyingabroad,hemustlearntoadjustto(live)onhisown.adjusthimselftotoliving12345678910111213141516用adapt/adjust的适当形式填空4)Thiskindofdeskcanbetotheheightyoune
58、ed.5)Theydiscoveredanewspeciesthatwelltocoldclimates.6)yourlanguagetotheageofyouraudience.adjustedadaptedAdjust1234567891011121314151614.Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.将你的目标告诉你的朋友,这样他们也可以帮着激励你。剖析so是并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示因果关系。IfeltIwasnotwell,soIdidntgototheparty.我感觉不
59、舒服,所以没去参加聚会。考点informvt.告知,通知Thebossaskedhissecretarytokeephimwellinformedoftheprogramsprogress.老板要求他的秘书随时向他报告项目的进展情况。12345678910111213141516【高考典句】(2017江苏高考)Hesbeeninformedthathedoesntqualifyforthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.他被告知,由于他的学术背景他没有资格获得奖学金。IinformedhimthatIwouldnotbeabletoatten
60、d.我告知他我不能出席。归纳表示“通知某人某事”,可用“informsb.ofsth.”;inform后面还可接that引导的宾语从句。派生词:informationn.通知,消息12345678910111213141516活学活用语法填空1)Dontworry.Wellkeepyou(inform)ofwhathappens.2)Sincethen,ourstaffhavereceivedlotsofcallsfromparentsaskingformore(inform)aboutit.informedinformation1234567891011121314151615.Howeve
61、r,putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated,you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.然而,每天坚持那额外的十五分钟的确需要执着。你需要时常想想为什么要学英语以保持不断努力的势头。剖析动词-ing短语puttinginthoseextra15minutesaday作主语;tostaydedicated作目的状语,why引导宾语从句。考点一“do/does/did+动词原形”结构用来对谓语进行强调。Theydidh
62、aveagoodtimewhentheywereworkinginthecountryside.他们在农村劳动时的确过得非常愉快。12345678910111213141516考点二keep.inmind牢记Beforelearninganewtext,youshouldkeepasmanynewwordsaspossibleinmind.在学新课文之前,你应该尽量多记新单词。活学活用完成句子1)过马路时,切记要小心。carefulwhencrossingtheroad.2)她确实告诉过我她的电话号码,但是我忘记了。Shemeabouthertelephonenumber,butIforgot
63、allaboutit.Dobedidtell12345678910111213141516 16.名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于一个名词,因此这四种从句被称为名词性从句。一、主语从句在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that、连接代词和连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。有时可用it作形式主语,将真正的主语放到句子后面去,以避免头重脚轻。1.that引导主语从句时,在句中不充当任何成分,无词义,只起连接作用,不能省略。Thatthereisadequatewaterforthecitiesisimportantfortheind
64、ustry.城市有充足的水对工业来说很重要。123456789101112131415162.连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义,又起连接作用,在从句中充当一定的成分。Whowillwinisstillunknown.谁会赢还不得而知。Wherethematchwillbeheldhasnotbeenannounced.比赛在哪儿举行还未宣布。3.关系代词型what以及whatever,whoever这类词也可以引导主语从句。Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.你说的完全是实情。Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.谁来都欢迎。4.it作形式主语时,可
65、以将真正的主语放在句末。Itsnosurprisethatheshouldhavewontheprize.他本来就应该赢得奖品,这并不奇怪。12345678910111213141516二、表语从句在复合句中起表语作用的从句叫表语从句。表语从句通常位于系动词之后。1.that引导表语从句,表示一件事情,that只起连接作用,不作任何成分,但是不能省略。TheproblemisthatIhavelostmykeytomyhouse.问题是我弄丢了家里的钥匙。2.what常引导表语从句。Myhometownisnotwhatitwastenyearsago.我的家乡已经不是十年前的样子了。3.wh
66、ere,why,when,because,how,whether等引导表语从句。ThisiswhereIlivedwithmyparentsoneyearago.这是我一年前和父母住的地方。123456789101112131415164.asif引导表语从句。Itseemsasifhehasseenthemanbefore.看起来好像他以前见过这个人。5.主语是reason时,常用that而不用because引导表语从句。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathehadhisbikebroken.他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。6.如果主句的主语是idea,advice,su
67、ggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”的形式。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)informtheirparentsaboutthis.我的建议是把这件事情通知他们的父母。12345678910111213141516三、宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。1.连接代词what,who,whom,which等引导宾语从句。Doyouknowwhatweshoulddointhenextstep?你知道下一步我们要做什么吗?2.连接副词when,where,how,
68、why等引导宾语从句。Iwonderwhatyoucalltheseflowers.我想知道你把这些花叫作什么。3.that,if,whether引导宾语从句时,that没有实际意义,可以省略,而if和whether表示“是否”,不能省略。Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我她来还是不来。123456789101112131415164.it作形式宾语时,可以将真正的宾语放在句末。此类句子中常用动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,hate,take,owe,have等作谓语。IhavemadeitarulethatIrunfor2ki
69、lometerseverymorning.我已经养成了每天晨跑2公里的习惯。5.介词后接宾语从句。Thenewbookisabouthowtomatoesareplanted.这本新书是关于怎样种植西红柿的。6.某些形容词后也可以接宾语从句。Iwassurprisedthatmyfriendhadntpassedtheexams.我很惊讶我的朋友考试没有及格。123456789101112131415167.在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句谓语常用“should+动
70、词原形”的形式,should可以省略。Heinsiststhatyou(should)doyourhomeworkalone.他坚持认为你应该自己做作业。12345678910111213141516四、同位语从句在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句,其作用是进一步解释对应名词的内容。能接同位语从句的常见名词有:idea,fact,news,belief,hope,information,evidence,opinion,problem,truth,answer,proposal,theory,decision,discovery,thought,certainty,condition等。1
71、.that引导同位语从句。ThenewsthathehasadjustedhimselftothedietinHunanmakeshisparentsglad.他已经习惯了湖南饮食的消息使他的父母很高兴。123456789101112131415162.whether引导同位语从句。Welldiscusstheproblemwhetherwewillgetupat6:30orat6:00.我们将讨论我们是在6:30还是在6:00起床的问题。3.when引导同位语从句。Ihavenoideawhentheywilldiscussthetheory.我不知道他们将什么时候讨论这个意见。4.how引
72、导同位语从句。Ihavenoimpressionhowheenteredthehall.关于他是怎样进入大厅的,我没有什么印象了。123456789101112131415165.why引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhytheweatherisbecomingdrieranddrierhasntbeenanswered.天气为什么变得越来越干燥这个问题还没有答案。6.who引导同位语从句。Theproblemwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.该由谁做这项工作的问题需要考虑。7.which引导同位语从句。Hehasntsolvedthepr
73、oblemwhichuniversityheshouldchoose.他还没有解决好选择哪所大学的问题。8.what引导同位语从句。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么事。12345678910111213141516归纳:在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,从句中使用陈述语序。12345678910111213141516活学活用填写恰当的名词性从句的引导词(1)(2017江苏高考改编)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepr
74、iceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofitusedtocharge.(2)(2017天津高考改编)SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadnt.(3)(2017北京高考改编)Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.whichwhetherwhoever(4)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.(5)Itisoftenthecasean
75、ythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(6)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(7)weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(8)IwonderMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.Byworkingouteveryday.(9)Ashipinharborissafe,butthatsnotshipsarebuiltfor.Howhowwhat123456789101
76、11213141516Whateverthatthat(10)hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreaders.(11)PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,wasitwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.(12)Howmuchoneenjoyshimselfwhentravellingdependslargelyonhegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(13)Agoodf
77、riendofminefromIwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.(14)Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeitwouldgetanybetter.(15)Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewshewassoangry.thatwho/whomwhereif/whetherwhy12345678910111213141516What(16)Evidenceh
78、asbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudychildrensearlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.(17)Despitethefacttheylackedfood,theexplorerscontinuedtowardsthegoal.(18)Weveofferedherthejob,butIdontknowshellacceptit.(19)Hiswritingissoconfusingthatitsdifficulttomakeoutheistryingtoexpress.(20)Wepromiseattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.thatthatwhether/ifwhatwhoever12345678910111213141516
