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1、简单句简单句的五种基本类型的五种基本类型预备预备知识知识SubjectSubjectSubjectSubject主语主语? ?PredicatePredicatePredicatePredicate谓语谓语? ?ObjectObjectObjectObject宾语宾语? ?PredicativePredicative表语表语? ?Full VerbFull Verb实义行为实义行为动词动词? ?Link VerbLink Verb连系动词连系动词? ?还还 “简单句简单句”呢呢-分不清了耶分不清了耶! 郁闷死郁闷死!休要担心少要害怕休要担心少要害怕-简单句（简单句（Simple Sentenc
2、esSimple Sentences）就是就是只包含只包含一个主谓结构一个主谓结构的句子的句子 -它的结构就是这么简单它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫所以才叫简单句简单句的啊的啊!英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵呵呵,就像俺这样就像俺这样:Practice makes perfect!-熟能生巧熟能生巧按结构结构分一个完整的简单句简单句由 “主语部分主语部分+谓语部分谓语部分”构成The
3、 man is a teacher. 主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分 He works hard. 主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分 He teaches English well. 主语部分主语部分 谓语部分谓语部分哲学上说哲学上说:运动是绝对的运动是绝对的静止是相对的静止是相对的造句的关键就在于造句的关键就在于动词动词一般而言一般而言,每个句子都应该有个每个句子都应该有个动词动词( 除了省略句外除了省略句外 )动动词词 连系动词连系动词主要动词主要动词 行为动词行为动词 助动词助动词辅助动词辅助动词 情态动词情态动词be (am is are was were) / seem / k
4、eep是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上去上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得变得不及物动词不及物动词 laugh / smlie / look / listen及物动词及物动词 see / hear / drank / eatbe (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / hadwill / shall / be going tocan / may / must / shall
5、 / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better连系连系动词动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保保持持look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看看/感觉感觉/尝尝/闻闻/听起来听起来(上上去去)become / turn / get / grow / 变得变得表语表语:表示表示主语主语是什么是什么(身份身份)或者或者怎么样怎么样(处于什么状态处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等
6、充当。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和连系动词一起构成谓语和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说也就是说: 连系动词连系动词后面的就后面的就/才是才是表语表语!He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.He looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.主语主语 连系动词连系动词 表语表语连系连系动词动词主主系系表表结构结构（SVP） = =主语主语+ +连系动词连系动词+ +表语表语Mr
7、. Li is a good teacher.The movie is interesting/wonderful.He feels hungry.The flower looks beautiful.主语主语SubjectSubject :表示句子所说的是表示句子所说的是“什什么人么人”或或“什么事物什么事物” 。也就是也就是动作的发出者动作的发出者。一般由一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相或相当于名词、代词的词或当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。短语等充当。 谓语谓语PredicatePredicate :说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”、“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么怎么样样”。也就是也就是做
8、了什么行为动做了什么行为动作作或或处于什么状态处于什么状态。谓语（谓语部分里主要谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用的词）用动词动词。 宾语宾语ObjectObject :表示动作、行为的表示动作、行为的对象对象。也就是也就是动作的接受者动作的接受者。一般由一般由名词、代词名词、代词或相当或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。于名词的词或短语等充当。 狗狗 咬咬 人人 。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 人人 咬咬 狗狗 。主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语及物动词及物动词是是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week
9、.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词不及物动词是是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily.They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teache
10、r in class.They laughed at us after the match. 什么是什么是及物动词及物动词和和不及物动词不及物动词呢呢?!The doctor listened carefully.The worker ran fast.The boy is fishing.The girl dances well.The duck is swimming.The woman walks slowly.主主谓谓结构结构（SV） = =主语主语+ +谓语动词谓语动词不及物不及物动词动词He likes basketball game.He plays computer games
11、 every day.He played soccer yesterday.He is playing the guitarnow.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓宾宾结构结构（SVO） = =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：他们放风筝。他们放风筝。They fly the kites.风筝在天上飞。风筝在天上飞。The kites fly in the sky.He gave me a present.She teaches us.She teaches English.She t
12、eaches us English. She told me a story.及物及物动词动词主主谓谓双宾双宾结构结构（SVOiOd）= =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾语直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / doHe bought me a new bike.也可以改为也可以改为for sb. 的句式的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give
13、 / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / handShe lent me a book.也可以改为也可以改为 to sb. 的句式的句式 She lent a book to me.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补结构结构（SVOC）= =主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语的补足语宾语的补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancing.Our teacher as
14、ks us to read English every day.及物及物动词动词可以用于这种句式的动词主要有可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish / get / sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth.help sb. (to) do sth.hope和和welcome 比较特殊我们可以说比较特殊我们可
15、以说:I hope to visit your school. I hope that you can visit our school. I wish you to visit our school. Welcome to visit our school. You are welcome to visit our school. Welcome to our school.但不可以说：但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to visit our school. 1 主系表型主系表型 She is a very good girl . (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) T
16、he girl is very good. (_语语) (_词词) (_语语)2 主谓型主谓型_式式: They laughed. The kites fly in the sky. (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_词词)_式式: I bought a new bike. He plays volleyball. (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_语语) (_词词) (_语语)_式式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book. (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_语语) (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_语语)_式式 He
17、 asked me to help him. He made me happy. (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_语语) (_语语) (_词词) (_语语) (_语语)原来也蛮简单的哦原来也蛮简单的哦! !我来分析一下我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分这些句子中所包含的成分1 主系表型主系表型 She is a very good girl . (主语主语) (连系动词连系动词) (表语表语) The girl is very good. (主语主语) (连系动词连系动词) (表语表语)2 主谓型主谓型主谓式主谓式: They laughed. The kites fly in the
18、 sky. (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) 主谓宾式主谓宾式: I bought a new bike. He plays volleyball. (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语)主谓宾宾式主谓宾宾式: She told me a story. He gave me a good book.(主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语宾语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语宾语)主谓宾宾补式主谓宾宾补式 He asked me to help him.
19、He made me happy.(主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语补足语宾语补足语) (主语主语) (谓语动词谓语动词) (宾语宾语) (宾语补宾语补足语足语)keyskeysThe boy is asleep.The boy is sleeping.主谓宾主谓宾主谓主谓The boy is playing the guitar.His music is very beautiful.It is beautiful music.主系表主系表He is playing happily.判断这些句子的类型并判断这些句子的类型并理解理解be动词的双重身份动词的双重身份（连系动词（连系动词助动词）助动词）
