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1、Unit 4Global warming核心单词consumeconsumerrandom1_ vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完_n消费者phenomenonphenomena2_ adj.胡乱的；任意的3._ n现象_ (pl.) 现象4_ vi.同意；捐赠；订阅vt.(签署)文件；捐助subscriber_ n订购者；订阅者5_ n量；数量subscribequantity6_ vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理_n倾向；趋势tendtendencyopposeopposed7_ vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量_ adj.反对的；对立的consequenceconsequentconse
2、quently8_ n结果；后果；影响_adj.随之发生的；作为后果的_ adv.因此；所以9_ vt.陈述；说明_ n说明state10._ n种类；范围11_ vi.看一下；扫视n一瞥range12_ adj.分布广的；普遍的widespreadstatementglance13_ adj.平均的averageexistenceexist14._ n生存；存在_ vi.存在；生存15_ n承诺；交托；信奉commitment16._ n污染；弄脏_ vt.污染；玷污17_ n增长；生长_ v生长18_ adj.电的；与电有关的_ n电力pollutionpollutegrowthgrow1
3、9_ n环境；情况20_ n贡献_ v贡献；撰稿21_ n分歧；不一致_ n一致；统一_ v同意electricitycircumstancecontributioncontributelectricaldisagreementagreementagree常考短语comeaboutsubscribe1_ _ 发生；造成2_ to 同意；赞成；订购quantities3_ of 大量的goresultopposed4_ up 上升；增长；升起5_ in 导致evenkeep6be _ to 反对7_ if 即使8_ on 继续9on the _ 大体上；基本上whole10.on _ of 代表
4、一方；作为的代言人11_ _ with 忍受；容忍12as_ as 只要behalfput13and _ _ 等等14 have the _ to do. 有做的权利；有能力做longsopowercasualrefresh15be _ about.对漫不经心；随意16_ ones spirit 振作精神upon经典佳句Thereisnodoubtthat1 _ _ _ _ _ theearth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that hascaused this global warming rather than a ra
5、ndom but naturalphenomenon.毫无疑问，地球变得越来越热，全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。Withoutthanitis2_ the “greenhouse effect”， the earth would beabout thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler _ _.要是没有“温室效应”，地球上的温度将会比现在冷33 摄氏度。Ontheonehand3 _ _ _ _ ， Dr.Fosterthinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5degrees
6、would lead to a catastrophe.一方面，福斯特博士认为气温升高 5 度的趋势可能是一场大灾难。4 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on _ _ you are using itif not, turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！solongas课文回顾comparedduring/inthatnaturalWhen 1._ (compare) with most natural changes,that the temperature of the earth rose
7、about one degree Fahrenheit2_ the 20th century is quite shocking.And its humanactivity 3._ has caused this global warming rather than arandom but 4._ (nature) phenomenon.Dr.Janice Fosterexplains that we add huge 5._ (quantity) of extra carbondioxide to the atmosphere by 6._ (burn) fossil fuels.Fromt
8、he second graph and the 7._ (discover) of Charles Keeling,quantitiesburningdiscoveryingasesbetterall scientists believe that the burning of more and more fossil fuelshas resulted 8._ the increase in carbon dioxide.Greenhouse9._ (gas) continue to build up.Some think that the trendwould be a catastrop
9、he.On the other hand, George Hambley statesthat more carbon dioxide would encourage a greater range ofanimals and bring us a 10._ (good) life.单句语法填空tendstendencyconsumers1The storm _ (tend) to hit our city, and we observethe _ (tend) of it closely.2 Many _ (consume) complain about theproducts.stated
10、3 (2017 年北京卷 阅读理解D)On September 11,1933,famous physicist Ernest Rutherford _ (state) withconfidence ， “Anyone who expects a source of power in thetransformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”4In _ (consequent) of your bad work, I amforced to dismiss you.consequenceopposed5 At first he was _ (
11、oppose) to the scheme, butwe managed to argue him into accepting it.existence6Many people do not believe the _ (exist) ofghosts.7 I am doing a project _ behalf of my school aboutglobal warming.oncausing8 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in theatmosphere _ (cause) the global tempera
12、ture to go up.9 It is a rapid increase when _ (compare) withother natural paredgrowth10(2017年江苏卷任务型阅读)Second，if other factors suchas technology remain constant，economic _ (grow)andmaterial expectations will fall well below recent standards and thiscould invite trouble.1quantity n量；数量in quantityin la
13、rge amounts 大量地a large/small quantity of 大/少量的quantities of 大量；许多【名师指津】a quantity of/quantities of 意为“大量的”，修饰可数或不可数名词。“a quantity of名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数；“quantities of名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。运用单句语法填空(1)Your work has improved _ quantity and qualitythis term.inhas coveredhave been wasted(2)As a result of destroyin
14、g the forests, a large quantity ofdesert _ (cover) the land recently.(3)Large quantities of clean water _ (waste)in our city these days.counts(4)As far as I am concerned, it is quality rather than quantitythat really _ (count)2tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理tend to do sth.易于/往往会做某事tend to/towards sth.有的趋势；
15、倾向于tend to sb./sth.照料；照管tendency n倾向；趋势have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向/可能性【名师指津】tend to do sth.这一结构根据具体语境翻译，往往不一定要翻译出来，表示“总是、易于”。如：Teenagers tend to stay up very late these days.这个年代的青少年总是熬夜很晚。tendingextremes运用单句语法填空(1)People under stress tend _ (develop) their fullrange of potential.(2)Mom was al
16、ways busy _ (tend) my youngersister during the night.tendency(3)The English seasons and climate tend towards _(extremely)(4)I have a _ (tend) to talk too much when Imnervous.to develop3oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量；使对立opposed adj.反对的；对立的be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事opposite adj.相反的；对立的n相反的人或事物oppose (
17、ones) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事【名师指津】(1)oppose 后跟表示动作的词做宾语时，后面要用动名词形式。(2)be opposed to 结构中，to 是介词，其后也要用 v.-ing 形式。同义短语：disagree with/object to/be againstsb./sth.；反义短语：agree with/be in favour of/be forsb./sth.。cuttinginoppositeopposed运用单句语法填空(1)Many old men oppose _ (cut) down the100-year-old tree for rebu
18、ilding a shopping center.(2)We are _ favour of her promotion to president.(3)Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while bad onesbring the _ (oppose)(4)Strangely, Mr.Green, also _ (oppose) to the newpolicy, made no remarks in the discussion.v变化；排列4range n种类；范围；山脉；行列；射程a range of 一系列的in/within
19、the range of 在范围内beyond/out of the range of 超出的范围range from.to.从到之间变化range between.and.在到之间变化【名师指津】ranging from.to.这一结构常在句中做后置定语，对前面进行补充说明。如：She has had a number of different jobs, ranging from chef toswimming instructor.她从事过许多不同的工作，从大厨到游泳教练等。运用单句语法填空(1)It is important for students to make the most
20、of theirdifferent learning environments and acquire _ wide rangeof knowledge.(2)I didnt fire the bird because it was _ the range ofmy gun.abeyondtoranging(3)The temperature of this city ranges from 0 _ 30 .(4)He has a number of interests, _ (range) fromplaying chess to swimming.1come about 产生；发生；造成c
21、ome out 出来；出版；(花)开come into being (开始)出现；产生come across 偶然遇到或发现；被理解come back 回来；重新流行；回想起来come up 长出；走上来；被提出come up with 想到；想出come true (梦想、愿望)实现when it comes to.当谈到【名师指津】come abouthappentake place，三者均无被动语态。常用it 做形式主语。如：aboutouttowithHow did it come about that.？是如何发生的？运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)How did it come _
22、 that he knew where we were?(2)The flowers are just beginning to come _.(3)When it comes _ diet and exercise, we knowwhat to do, but we dont do what we know.(4)He can always come up _ a new idea forincreasing sales.2result in 导致；造成result from.由造成；因而产生as a result 结果as a result of.由于的结果with the result
23、 that.其结果是without result 没有结果；白费【词义辨析】result in 与 result from 的主语和宾语刚好对调，表示一样的意义。如：The accident resulted from his carelessness.His carelessnessresulted in the accident.事故是由于他的粗心造成的。运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)As we all know, his success resulted _ his hardwork.frominaswith(2)The accident resulted _ three people
24、 being killed.(3)The exam was of vital importance for me; _ aresult, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.(4)I was late, _ the result that I missed the first bus.3keep on doing sth.继续做某事(强调动作的反复性)keep away from避开；离开keep out (of) 置身于(之)外；不入keep up 保持；继续；不低落keep up with 跟上；赶上【名师指津】keep
25、doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，表示不间断地持续做某事，强调动作的连续性。keep 后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的动词，而必须接延续性动词。而 keep on doing sth.意为“反复做某事”，强调做某事的决心与意志。运用用适当的介词或副词填空(1)Would you please close the door to keep the noise_？(2)The climbers kept _ in the hope of reaching the topwith one last effort.outonwithfrom(3)He walked so fast that I c
26、ouldnt keep up _ him.(4)Einstein was a shy man and kept away _ thecelebration.4put up with 忍受；容忍put away 放好；收好；储存put down 记下；放下；镇压；平定put forward 提出；建议；把向前移put out 熄灭；消灭，关(灯)；出版；发布；生产put off 推迟；延期put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)put up 提出；举起；升起；提(价)；为提供食宿；建造【联想发散】表示“容忍；忍受”的词还有 stand, tolerate, bear 等。运用用适当的介词或副
27、词填空(1)I can put up _ the house being untidy, but I hateit if its not clean.withoffforward(2)Having been told that it was going to snow, the climbersdecided to put _ their attempt on the high mountain.(3)He put _ a good plan at the meeting.原句1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmerand tha
28、t it is human activity that has caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球变得越来越热，全球变暖是人为的There is no doubt that. 为 固 定 句 式 ， 表 示 “ 毫 无 疑问”。注意：There is (some/any/several) doubt whether.表示“是否有(一些/任何)疑问(用于肯定句)”。运用单句语法填空(1)There is no doubt _ the celebration of Christmas isa good way of learning the Western cul
29、ture.(2)There is some doubt _ computer games can have abad effect on students health.thatwhether原句2Some byproducts of this process are called“greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbondioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的一种是二氧化碳。“.the most adj. one of which/who.”意为“中最的之一”，引导非限制性定语从句
30、。类似的句型有“some/many/both/all/neither/much/a few/ten.of which/ who(m).”运用单句语法填空(1)Millions of species die yearly, the quickest ones of _are unknown to us.whichmost important(2)Some effective measures should be taken to keep our livingenvironment from getting worse, the _ (important)one of which is to l
31、imit the use of private cars.原句3It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long asyou are using it.只要你在使用电器，你便可以把它开着该句是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语 to leave.; so long as (as long as)是连接词，意为“只要”。注意：as long as 还可译为“长达，和一样长，和一样长久”。(1)只要我知道钱安全，我就不会担心。_ _ _ I know the money is safe, I运用完成句子，每
32、空一词As/Solongasshall not worry about it.As/Solongasyou(2)只要你努力，奇迹迟早会出现。_ _ _ _ _ _，miracles will happen sooner or later.workhard(3)这张桌子长达 5 米。The desk is _ _ _ _ _.aslongasfivemetersComparedhas risenAswithEarths运用所学语言基础知识，补充完整下面短文，并背诵下来1._ (compare) with the last century, the Earthssurface temperatur
33、e 2._ (rise) by about 1 degree centigradetoday.3._ a matter of fact, we may feel that we can hardly putup 4._ much too hot summers and we cant get used to warmwinters.The rise of the 5._ (earth) surface temperature hasmade much 6._ (different) to human health, the existencedifferencebalancepermittin
34、gto improveof creatures and the 7._ (balanced) of the environment.Conditions 8._ (permit), all countries in the worldshould spare no effort 9._ (improve) our environment.10._ all peoples joint efforts, what would our future belike?Without语法填空(五)语法填空常考点之无提示词语法填空的 10 个空中，一般有 3 个是没有给提示词的，一般要求依据语境填相应的功能
35、词，包括冠词、介词、情态动词、助动词、连词与从句关系词以及部分代词。1冠词在名词或“形容词名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词 a/an 表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/”等；定冠词 the 表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外，特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物，用 the；在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用 the。【例】(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)Instead，she is earning6,500 a day as _62_ model in New York.解析：a考查冠词。model 在本句中是名词“模特”。故前面用不定冠词a 来修饰
36、。1Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm，which looked almost abandoned.解析：a名词 farm 前缺少限定词，根据语境可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填不定冠词 a，泛指“一个”，修饰单数可数名词 farm。2介词如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则名词或代词前一定是填介词。其次，还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。【例】(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)After school she plansto take a y
37、ear off to model full-time before going to university toget a degree _68_ engineering or architecture.解析：in考查介词。在某方面的学位用介词in。2He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby_ other food and made cheese and butter for the familywith what was left.解析：for根据句意可知此处表示的是他用牛奶换取其他的食物 。 这里是用短语 excha
38、nge.for. ， 意为 “ 用 交换”。故填介词 for。3情态动词与助动词若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词与助动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词或助动词。【例】(2017 年新课标卷阅读理解A)Visitpacificsciencecenter.org to find various ways you _support Pacific Science Center.解析：can 分析句子可知，此处表示“通过浏览太平洋科技中心的网站找许多方法，你就可以给予太平洋中心支持了。”表示“能够”，且后面动词是原形，因此填can。3You _ feel all
39、the trainings a waste of time, but Imsure later youll be grateful for what you did.解析：may由句中的 but 及后一分句中的 sure 可知，此处表示语气不强烈的推测。故填 may。4连词与从句关系词若两个或两个以上单词或短语之间没有连词，若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则一定是填并列连词或从属连词。常考的并列连词有 and，but，or，so，while，when 等；常考的从属连词有 if，although/though，while，once，unless，when，whe
40、re，since，before，after，because，as 等。若其中一个分句做另一个句子的成分，注意根据成分关系确定相应的复合从句，再根据从句中缺何种成分确定连词或关系词。【例】(2017 年新课标卷 语法填空)Like anything, it ispossible to have too much of both, _70_ is not good for thehealth.解析：which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is notgood for the health 为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have
41、too much of both “摄入过多的脂肪和盐”这件事。故填which。4Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale Universityyesterday?Yeah，but I have no idea _ he did it；thats one ofhis favourite universities.解析：why空后从句做 idea 的同位语，表示该想法的具体内容。由句意“我不知道他为什么拒绝耶鲁大学的录取”可知，表示原因，故填 why。5代词当句子缺主语或宾语时，填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还
42、是复数。为了避免重复，it，one(s)，that，those 都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it 可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句做形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词one，both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another 等的用法。【例】(2017 年新课标卷语法填空)However, the railwayquickly proved to be a great success and within six months, morethan 25,000 people were using _67_ every day.解析：it 这里用it 指代前句的railway, 故填it。5 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _ wasa wonderful holiday destination.解析：it it 指代上文提及的 Miami。
