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1、ItalyFacts and StatisticsLocation:SouthernEurope,borderingAustria430km,France488km,HolySee(VaticanCity)3.2km,SanMarino39km,Slovenia232km,Switzerland740kmCapital:RomeClimate:predominantlyMediterranean;Alpineinfarnorth;hot,dryinsouthPopulation:58,057,477(July2004est.)Ethnic Make-up:Italian(includessma
2、llclustersofGerman-,French-,andSlovene-ItaliansinthenorthandAlbanian-ItaliansandGreek-Italiansinthesouth)Religions:predominatelyRomanCatholicwithmatureProtestantandJewishcommunitiesandagrowingMuslimimmigrantcommunityGovernment:republic.Thefamilyisthecentreofthesocialstructureandprovidesastabilizingi
3、nfluenceforitsmembers.Inthenorth,generallyonlythenuclearfamilylivestogether;whileinthesouth,theextendedfamilyoftenresidestogetherinonehouse.Thefamilyprovidesbothemotionalandfinancialsupporttoitsmembers.ItalianFamilyValuesItalian Style.AppearancesmatterinItaly.Thewayyoudresscanindicateyoursocialstatu
4、s,yourfamilysbackground,andyoureducationlevel.FirstimpressionsarelastingimpressionsinItaly.TheconceptofbellafiguraorgoodimageisimportanttoItalians.Theyunconsciouslyassessanotherpersonsageandsocialstandinginthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingthem,oftenbeforeanywordsareexchanged.ClothesareimportanttoItalians.
5、Theyareextremelyfashionconsciousandjudgepeopleontheirappearance.Youwillbejudgedonyourclothes,shoes,accessoriesandthewayyoucarryyourself.Bellafiguraismorethandressingwell.Itextendstotheaurayourprojecttoo-i.e.confidence,style,demeanour,etc.Catholicism.TheprimaryreligioninItalyisRomanCatholic.Therearem
6、oreCatholicchurchespercapitainItalythaninanyothercountry.Althoughchurchattendanceisrelativelylow,theinfluenceofthechurchisstillhigh.Manyofficebuildingswillhaveacrossorareligiousstatueinthelobby.Eachdayoftheyearhasatleastonepatronsaintassociatedwithit.Childrenarenamedforaparticularsaintandcelebrateth
7、eirsaintsdayasifitweretheirownbirthday.Eachtradeandprofessionhasapatronsaint.Thechurchpromulgateshierarchy,whichcanbeseeninallItalianrelationships.Theyrespectanddefertothosewhoareolder,thosewhohaveachievedalevelofbusinesssuccess,andthosewhocomefromwell-connectedfamiliesEtiquette & Customs in ItalyMe
8、eting Etiquette.Greetingsareenthusiasticyetratherformal.Theusualhandshakewithdirecteyecontactandasmilesufficesbetweenstrangers.Oncearelationshipdevelops,air-kissingonbothcheeks,startingwiththeleftisoftenaddedaswellasapatonthebackbetweenmen.Waituntilinvitedtomovetoafirstnamebasis.Italiansareguidedbyf
9、irstimpressions,soitisimportantthatyoudemonstrateproprietyandrespectwhengreetingpeople,especiallywhenmeetingthemforthefirsttime.ManyItaliansusecallingcardsinsocialsituations.Theseareslightlylargerthantraditionalbusinesscardsandincludethepersonsname,address,titleoracademichonours,andtheirtelephonenum
10、ber.IfyouarestayinginItalyforanextendedperiodoftime,itisagoodideatohavecallingcardsmade.Nevergiveyourbusinesscardinlieuofacallingcardinasocialsituation.Gift Giving Etiquette.Donotgivechrysanthemumsastheyareusedatfunerals.Donotgiveredflowersastheyindicatesecrecy.Donotgiveyellowflowersastheyindicateje
11、alousy.Ifyoubringwine,makesureitisagoodvintage.Quality,ratherthanquantity,isimportant.Donotwrapgiftsinblack,asistraditionallyamourningcolour.Donotwrapgiftsinpurple,asitisasymbolofbadluck.Giftsareusuallyopenedwhenreceived.Dining EtiquetteIfinvitedtoanItalianhouse:.Ifaninvitationsaysthedressisinformal
12、,wearstylishclothesthatarestillratherformal,i.e.,jacketandtieformenandanelegantdressforwomen.Punctualityisnotmandatory.Youmayarrivebetween15minuteslateifinvitedtodinnerandupto30minuteslateifinvitedtoaparty.Ifyouareinvitedtoameal,bringgift-wrappedsuchaswineorchocolates.Ifyouareinvitedfordinnerandwant
13、tosendflowers,havethemdeliveredthatday.Table manners.Remainstandinguntilinvitedtositdown.Youmaybeshowntoaparticularseat.TablemannersareContinental-theforkisheldinthelefthandandtheknifeintherightwhileeating.Followtheleadofthehostess-shesitsatthetablefirst,startseatingfirst,andisthefirsttogetupattheen
14、dofthemeal.Thehostgivesthefirsttoast.Anhonouredguestshouldreturnthetoastlaterinthemeal.Womenmayofferatoast.Alwaystakeasmallamountatfirstsoyoucanbecajoledintoacceptingasecondhelping.Donotkeepyourhandsinyourlapduringthemeal;however,donotrestyourelbowsonthetableeither.Itisacceptabletoleaveasmallamounto
15、ffoodonyourplate.Pickupcheesewithyourkniferatherthanyourfingers.Ifyoudonotwantmorewine,leaveyourwineglassnearlyfull.Business Etiquette and Protocol in ItalyRelationshipsandCommunication.Italiansprefertodobusinesswithpeopletheyknowandtrust.Athirdpartyintroductionwillgoalongwayinprovidinganinitialplat
16、formfromwhichtowork.Italiansmuchpreferface-to-facecontact,soitisimportanttospendtimeinItalydevelopingtherelationship.Yourbusinesscolleagueswillbeeagertoknowsomethingaboutyouasapersonbeforeconductingbusinesswithyou.DemeanourisimportantasItaliansjudgepeopleonappearancesandthefirstimpressionyoumakewill
17、bealastingone.Italiansareintuitive.Therefore,makeanefforttoensurethatyourItalianscolleagueslikeandtrustyou.Networkingcanbeanalmostfull-timeoccupationinItaly.Personalcontactsallowpeopletogetahead.Takethetimetoaskquestionsaboutyourbusinesscolleaguesfamilyandpersonalinterests,asthishelpsbuildtherelatio
18、nship.Italiansareextremelyexpressivecommunicators.Theytendtobewordy,eloquent,emotional,anddemonstrative,oftenusingfacialandhandgesturestoprovetheirpoint.Business Meeting Etiquette.Appointmentsaremandatoryandshouldbemadeinwriting(inItalian)2to3weeksinadvance.Reconfirmthemeetingbytelephoneorfax(againi
19、nItalian).ManycompaniesareclosedinAugust,andiftheyareopenmanyItalianstakevacationsatthistime,soitisbestnottotrytoschedulemeetingsthen.Inthenorth,punctualityisviewedasavirtueandyourbusinessassociateswillmostlikelybeontime.ThegoaloftheinitialmeetingistodevelopasenseofrespectandtrustwithyourItalianbusi
20、nesscolleagues.HaveallyourprintedmaterialavailableinbothEnglishandItalian.HireaninterpreterifyouarenotfluentinItalian.Itiscommontobeinterruptedwhilespeakingorforseveralpeopletospeakatonce.Peopleoftenraisetheirvoicetobeheardoverotherspeakers,notbecausetheyareangry.Althoughwrittenagendasarefrequentlyp
21、rovided,theymaynotbefollowed.Theyserveasajumpingoffpointforfurtherdiscussions.Decisionsarenotreachedinmeetings.Meetingsaremeantforafreeflowofideasandtoleteveryonehavetheirsay.Business Negotiation.Inthenorth,peoplearedirect,seetimeasmoney,andgetdowntobusinessafteronlyabriefperiodofsocialtalk.Inthesou
22、th,peopletakeamoreleisurelyapproachtolifeandwanttogettoknowthepeoplewithwhomtheydobusiness.AllowyourItalianbusinesscolleaguestosetthepaceforyournegotiations.Followtheirleadastowhenitisappropriatetomovefromsocialtobusinessdiscussions.Italiansprefertodobusinesswithhigh-rankingpeople.Hierarchyisthecorn
23、erstoneofItalianbusiness.Italiansrespectpowerandage.Negotiationsareoftenprotracted.Neverusehigh-pressuresalestactics.Alwaysadheretoyourverbalagreements.Failingtofollowthroughonacommitmentwilldestroyabusinessrelationship.Heateddebatesandargumentsofteneruptinmeetings.Thisissimplyafunctionofthefree-flo
24、wofideas.Hagglingoverpriceanddeliverydateiscommon.Decisionsareoftenbasedmoreonhowyouareviewedbytheotherpartythanonconcretebusinessobjectives.Dress Etiquette.DressingwellisapriorityinItaly.Menshouldweardarkcoloured,conservativebusinesssuits.Womenshouldweareitherbusinesssuitsorconservativedresses.Eleg
25、antaccessoriesareequallyimportantformenandwomen.Business Cards.Businesscardsareexchangedaftertheformalintroduction.Todemonstrateproperrespectfortheotherperson,lookcloselyattheirbusinesscardbeforeputtingitinyourcardholder.ItisagoodideatohaveonesideofyourbusinesscardtranslatedintoItalian.Ifyouhaveagraduatedegree,includeitonyourbusinesscard.Makesureyourtitleisonyourcard.Italianslikeknowinghowyoufitwithinyourorganization
