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1、现现 在在 完完 成成 时时 态态 现在完成时现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense 构成:助动词助动词have/has + 过去分词过去分词1.肯定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的have或或has是助动词是助动词，has用于第三用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用人称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg. He has eaten supper.They have eaten supper.2.疑问句疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have
2、或或has提提到主语之到主语之前前。简略回答：。简略回答： Yes,have/has “No，havent/hasnt3.否定句否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnt过去分过去分词词”。 Eg: Has he eaten supper?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.Eg: He hasnt eaten supper.They havent eaten supper.用法一、用法一、表示表示过去过去发生的动作或存在的状态发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影对现在造成的影 响或产生的结果响或产生的结果。常跟常跟already, yet,
3、 since, just, never, before, ever, recently, so far ,in the last/past few years等时等时间状语连用。间状语连用。eg. He has already had his breakfast.小提示：小提示：already用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中要变为用于肯定句，在否定句和疑问句中要变为 yeteg. I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
4、现在完成时态的用法分类现在完成时态的用法分类( (这说明他现在已经饱了，不饿了。这说明他现在已经饱了，不饿了。这说明他现在已经饱了，不饿了。这说明他现在已经饱了，不饿了。) )现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 一般过去时表示的动作或状态，可以是一次性的，一般过去时表示的动作或状态，可以是一次性的，也可以是经常性的，所表示的动作或状态与现在无也可以是经常性的，所表示的动作或状态与现在无关。现在完成时表示的动作或状态与现在情况有联关。现在完成时表示的动作或状态与现在情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。如：系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。如： I had supp
5、er an hour ago 我一小时前吃的晚饭。（表示过去的动作）我一小时前吃的晚饭。（表示过去的动作） I have just had supper 我刚刚吃过晚饭。（强调对现在的影响我刚刚吃过晚饭。（强调对现在的影响-我不饿）我不饿）l 现在完成时有否定结构，现在完成进行时没有否现在完成时有否定结构，现在完成进行时没有否定结构。定结构。l 现在完成时可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验，现在完成时可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验，但现在完成进行时不可以。但现在完成进行时不可以。l 现在完成时强调对现在的影响。现在完成进行时现在完成时强调对现在的影响。现在完成进行时强调过去那一段过程（对现在的影响
6、）。强调过去那一段过程（对现在的影响）。区分现在完成时区分现在完成时（has/have done）与现与现在完成进行时在完成进行时（has/have been doing） I have done it. 我已经做了。我已经做了。(强调你做过的事情的本身，现在强调你做过的事情的本身，现在是否做不是关键。是否做不是关键。) I have been doing it for years.我已经做了几年了。我已经做了几年了。(说明这个行动没有断过，现说明这个行动没有断过，现在还在做。在还在做。)Exercisesv1. I _(have) lunch already.v2. the train_ (
7、arrive) yet?v3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China.v4. The twin _just _(see) my father.v5. The twins _(see) my father just now.v6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeenhasseensawHave riddenwrite wrote written ride rode ridden7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_ (do) that already. When _
8、 you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseenwillseewill seehavecomecome came come become became become1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final
9、. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparingD. has been preparing2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked3.Sofarthisyearwe_afallinhousepricesbybetween5
10、and10percent.A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe_Englishforayear.A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建福建) A. works B. is working C. has worked D. h
11、ad worked6. I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have ; shown B. Do ; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale. I am
12、tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have paintedv用法二用法二： for+一一段时间段时间since+过去时态的句子过去时态的句子since+ 过去的过去的时间点时间点E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去某个时间开始的动作或表示过去某个
13、时间开始的动作或存在的状态，存在的状态，一直持续到现在并一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去可能还将持续下去。动词动词使用延续性动词使用延续性动词。常与常与for或或since引导的时间连用引导的时间连用so far, up to/till now,in the last/past+一段时间，一段时间，all ones life. 一段时间一段时间+ago具体的过去的时间点具体的过去的时间点常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变v第一类第一类：动词：动词 be + adj.vdie finish vopen/closevfall ill/asleepvmarry sb
14、/get married tov第二类第二类：动词：动词 be + 介词介词.vstart/beginvleavevjoin be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married tov第三类第三类：动词：动词 另一个动词另一个动词 vbuyvborrowvget/begin to延续性延续性v.vbecomevput onveg.keephavebe延续性延续性v.wearvHis father died 2 years ago.vThe football match
15、 began at 9:00a.m.vThe twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.vMy teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old. M
16、y teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.重点句型重点句型:eg.他死了两年了：他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years /since two years ago.It is two years since he died.It has been two years since he diedTwo years has passed since he died. It is/ has been+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句
17、 一段时间一段时间+has passed+ since从句从句I borrowed the book a month ago.It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been invhave/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没已经去了或在途中，还没
18、有返回；反正不在说话地有返回；反正不在说话地!vhave/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经曾经去过某地，现在已经回来了回来了,后面可接表示后面可接表示“次数次数”、ever、never、before等的状语等的状语; vhave/has been in:表示某人表示某人“已在某地停留一已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。间的状语。用法三用法三：e. g. Have you ever been to Anqing? 你去过安庆吗？你去过安庆吗？ Yes, several times. 是的，去过几次。是的，去过几次。
19、 Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在那里？王先生在那里？ He has gone to Anqing. 他去了安庆。他去了安庆。He has been in Anqing for 3 days. 他已经在安庆待了有三天了。他已经在安庆待了有三天了。Exercises vTom在哪儿？他去书店了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Correct mistak
20、esv1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5 years.v4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of/a soldiersince 5 years a
21、go/ for 5 yearscame didcatchv6. Ten years have passed since they got married.v7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.How long has the factory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been inbeen openbeen to1.I like Guilin. I _ there twice. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been
22、 2. Wheres Li Lei? He _ Beijing. A. goes to B. went to C. has gone to D. has been to 3. He went to Toronto two years ago, so he _ Toronto for two tears. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has gone Where is Zhang Ming? Oh, dont you know he _ to see his parents, and he will be back tomorrow. (2010， 长沙）长沙） A. has gone B. has been C. had gone点拨点拨本题考查现在完成时本题考查现在完成时has been 与与has gone 用法，用法，has been 表示表示“去过某地去过某地”，has gone 表示表示“去某地的途中去某地的途中”根据句意选根据句意选A.
