《Lesson-4-Edgar-Allen-Poe-美国文学-课件PPT》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Lesson-4-Edgar-Allen-Poe-美国文学-课件PPT（102页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、EdgarAllanPoe2021/8/261EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)I. Literary Status 埃德加. 爱伦坡的文学地位Pioneer of American Horror Tales美国恐怖小说的先驱Pioneer of American Detective Tales 美国侦探小说先驱Pioneer of American Psycho-Analytic fiction 美国心理分析小说先驱Editor, Poet and Professional literary critic 编辑，诗人，文学评论家2021/8/262II. Life and Ca
2、reerBorn in an actor and actress family his parents died when he was very small adopted by a Virginia rich businessman John Allan entered the Virginia University at 17 West Point where he began to write poetry then tales editor of magazines such as The Southern Literary Messenger, Grahams magazine,
3、etc. Poe 生在一个演员家庭，当Poe很小的时候他的父母就过世了，由弗吉尼亚的商人 John Allan 收养。Poe 17岁进入弗吉尼亚大学学习。他在西点军校任职期间开始写诗歌，神话，做过杂志的编辑 如南方文学信使，格雷厄姆杂志等。At 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin Virginia who died very young in 1847. Poe 27岁时和他13岁的表妹结婚，他的表妹太太很年轻就离开了人世，1847.2021/8/2632021/8/2642021/8/265 III.EdgarAllanPoesWorksTales of
4、 the Grotesque and the Arabesque奇异怪诞故事集MS. Found in a Bottle瓶子里发现的手稿The Murders in the Rue Morgue 毛格街杀人案The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌The Masque of the Red Death红色死亡的化妆舞会The Cask of Amontillado一桶酒的故事The Raven乌鸦Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔Annabel Lee安娜贝尔李To Helen致海伦The Poetic Principle诗歌原理The Philosophy of C
5、omposition创作哲学2021/8/266IV. Controversial Comments on PoeProbably the most controversial and most misunderstood literary figure in American literary history Poe 也许是美国文学历史上最备受争议的人物。Reasons:His criticisms against Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 他曾发表过对 朗费罗的负面评论。Negative comments Emerson “jingle man” 爱默生评论他是
6、一个叮当诗人顺口溜 Mark Twain Poes unreadable 不值得一读 Henry James “enthusiasm for Poe is the mark of a decidedly primitive state of development” 2021/8/2672021/8/268 V. Poe as a literary critic (his aesthetics) Poe作为文学评论家（他的美学观）1. Aesthetic writings: “The Philosophy of Composition” “The Poetic Principle”2. Aes
7、thetic ideas:A. Brevity: the poem should be short, readable at one sitting 诗歌必须简洁B. Beauty: the chief aim is beauty, namely to produce a feeling of beauty in the minds of the reader 美，给读者创造一种美。 The melancholy is the most legitimate of all poetic tones; the death of a beautiful woman is the most poet
8、ic topic in the world.忧郁是所有诗歌调子里面最真实的一种情感；美丽姑娘的死去也是一个最诗意的主题。2021/8/269C. Purity: Poe is opposed to the heresy of the didactic and called for pure poetry. What he seems to be saying is that art lies not so much in what is being said as in the way it says it.纯正：Poe被认为是主流诗歌之外的一个异类，他认为艺术并不在于它被说成该是艺术的样子。
9、 Besides, he stresses rhythm, defines true poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or ideas, of poetry.” Poe 强调诗歌的韵律，他认为诗歌是音律创造的美，并称音乐使得灵魂，思想，诗歌更完美。 He cited his own poem “The Raven” of 108 lines to show his aesthetics : a sense of melanc
10、holy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem.他以自己的108行诗 乌鸦为例子，该诗歌整个气氛就是哀伤 作者喜欢的美丽姑娘死去，这一悲伤充满了整首诗歌。2021/8/26102021/8/2611VI. Poes Writing Features 写作特点1. Poe was a fascinating man of imagination. 富有想象力2. In theme, Poe anticipated 20th century literature in his treatm
11、ent of the disintegration of the self in a world of nothingness. 主题：虚无3. Poe was sensitive enough to feel the pressure of a world where science and reason reign supreme, where “there is neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor help from pain.”Poe 敏感地感受到 一个被科技和理性统治的世界，没有喜悦，没有爱，
12、没有光，没有确信，没有和平，没有缓解痛苦的帮助。2021/8/26124. Baudelaire first took note of the psychological content of Poes tales and regarded Poe as “a writer of nerves”, and Erich Heller saw Poes contribution to the “discovery and colonization of the mind”; what interests Poe most is the deep abyss of the unconscious a
13、nd subconscious mental activity of the people. Poe 在精神分析小说做出了贡献，他对非意识和潜意识的精神活动的分析非常感兴趣。5. Poes assumption seems to be that every mind is half mad or capable of slipping into insanity. As a result of this, his fictional characters are mostly neurotics. Poe 认为每个人都有神经质的一面，所以他的小说主人公大多是神经病患者。6. Poes hero
14、es are mostly “isolatoes”, with no sense of identity, no names even, alienation from society. 他的小说主人公大多没有确切的身份，没有名字，远离社会。2021/8/26137. Poe was also a full rational human being with an intuitive faculty; he was immensely interested in deduction and induction. He wrote half a dozen detective stories.
15、Poe 同时也是一个直觉超强的理性主义者；他对推理和归纳很感兴趣，写了不少推理小说2021/8/26142021/8/26152021/8/2616ToHelenBackground致海伦的背景EdgarAllanPoewrote“ToHelen”asareflectiononthebeautyofMrs.JaneStithStanard,ofRichmond,Va.,whodiedin1824.ShewasthemotherofoneofPoesschoolclassmates,RobertStanard.WhenRobertinvitedEdgar,then14,tohishome(at1
16、9thandEastGraceStreetsinRichmond)in1823,Poewasgreatlytakenwiththe27-year-oldwoman,whoissaidtohaveurgedhimtowritepoetry.Hewaslatertowritethatshewashisfirstreallove.致海伦这首诗是爱伦坡纪念JaneStithStandard夫人，1824年过世。Standard夫人是爱伦坡同学的妈妈，爱伦坡第一次见到她是在同学家里，里士满东格莱士街19号，1823年，当时爱伦坡只有14岁，惊叹于Standard夫人的美貌。Standard夫人待人友善并
17、鼓励爱伦坡写诗，后来爱伦坡写道Standard夫人是他的firstlove.2021/8/2617About Helen-海伦海伦海伦是宙斯和勒达的女儿,她是那个时代最漂亮的女子.还在当姑娘的时候,她被忒修斯劫持抢走.后来由两位兄长重新把她夺回来.她跟随继父斯巴达国王廷达瑞俄斯长大.之后，她嫁给了墨涅拉俄斯（亚各斯人的国王）。海伦给他生下一个女儿。后来，墨涅拉俄斯外出。海伦一个人在宫殿里很孤寂。一次外出中，她在阿尔忒弥斯神庙遇见帕拉斯王子。两人相爱了。于是，王子就把海伦“劫持”到了自己的国家。也就是这件事，引发了著名的特洛伊战争。2021/8/26182021/8/26192021/8/262
18、02021/8/2621The background information of the poemPoewroteToHelenasareflectiononthebeautyofMrs.JaneStithStanardwhodiedin1824.ShewasthemotherofoneofPoesschoolclassmates,whoissaidtohaveurgedhimtowritepoetry,andshewasPoesfirstreallove.在中学时代，爱伦.坡曾经热切地眷恋过一位同学的母亲，一个温柔娴静、知书达理的女人，而这个女人在三十一岁死于脑瘤，无疑给爱伦坡幼小的心灵刻
19、上了终生难愈的创伤。 2021/8/2622To Helen-To Helen-致海伦致海伦Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore往昔往昔，That gently, oer a perfumed sea,The weary, way-worn wanderer boreTo his own native shore. On desperate seas long wont to roam游游荡荡,Thy hyacinth风风信子信子 hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad水仙女水仙女 air
20、s have brought me homeTo the glory that was Greece,And the grandeur that was Rome. Lo! in you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agate玛玛瑙瑙 lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche普塞克普塞克, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!海伦，你的美貌于我，海伦，你的美貌于我，有如往日尼西亚的三桅船，有如往日尼西亚的三桅船，在芬芳的海上悠然浮起，在芬芳的海上悠
21、然浮起，把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，把劳困而倦游的浪子载还，回到他故国的港湾。回到他故国的港湾。早已习惯于怒海上的飘荡，早已习惯于怒海上的飘荡，你风信子似的秀发，你风信子似的秀发， 你闪烁着古典美的面庞，你闪烁着古典美的面庞，你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，你水精仙子般的呼吸引我还乡，重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。重见希腊的光荣与罗马的辉煌。看！那明亮的窗龛中间，看！那明亮的窗龛中间，我见你象一座神像站立，我见你象一座神像站立，玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，玛瑙的亮灯擎在你手里，哦！哦！普赛克普赛克 ，你所来自的地方，你所来自的地方原是那遥远的圣地原是那遥远的圣地！2021/8/2623Hyperbole 夸张
22、夸张海伦的美让大海也变得海伦的美让大海也变得“芬芳四溢芬芳四溢”。 Simile 明喻明喻海伦的美有如往日尼西亚的三桅船海伦的美有如往日尼西亚的三桅船”，乍一，乍一看去，三桅船并非常见的美的喻体，但在看去，三桅船并非常见的美的喻体，但在爱伦坡看来，两者的共通之处在于它们都爱伦坡看来，两者的共通之处在于它们都能将疲惫的水手带回家乡。能将疲惫的水手带回家乡。Analyseindetail:Helen, thy beauty is to me Like those Nicean barks of yore，That gently, oer a perfumed sea,The weary, way-
23、worn wanderer boreTo his own native shore.Alliteration 头韵头韵weary”weary”，“way-worn”“way-worn”和和“wanderer”“wanderer”都是以都是以ww开头的单词。开头的单词。诗人通过诗人通过头韵头韵将水手的疲惫形象活灵活将水手的疲惫形象活灵活现地展现出来现地展现出来. .2021/8/2624“风信子般的头发，典雅的风信子般的头发，典雅的面庞面庞,水仙女般的风姿带我水仙女般的风姿带我回到昨日希腊的光荣，回到昨日希腊的光荣，和往昔罗马的盛况。和往昔罗马的盛况。在第二节中，诗人进一步描写了海伦的美丽在第二
24、节中，诗人进一步描写了海伦的美丽On desperate seas long wont to roam,Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face,Thy Naiad airs have brought me homeTo the glory that was Greece,And the grandeur that was Rome Parallelism and Metaphor2021/8/2625Simile看！那明亮的窗龛中间，看！那明亮的窗龛中间，我见我见你你象一座象一座神像神像站立，站立，在第三节诗中，诗人的描写的对象从海伦转到了在第三节诗中，诗人的描
25、写的对象从海伦转到了普赛克（普赛克（Psyche）一个可以与一个可以与海伦海伦媲美的公主。媲美的公主。 在希腊神话中，在希腊神话中，普赛克普赛克公主，美丽公主，美丽绝伦。他是爱神绝伦。他是爱神厄厄洛斯洛斯之妻，之妻，厄洛斯厄洛斯禁止她看见自己的禁止她看见自己的模样，而模样，而普赛克普赛克因因好奇在夜晚举灯看好奇在夜晚举灯看丈夫的模样，灯油丈夫的模样，灯油滴到爱神脸上唤醒滴到爱神脸上唤醒了他，普塞克因此了他，普塞克因此被丈夫逐出家门。被丈夫逐出家门。Lo! in you brilliant window-nicheHow statue-like I see thee stand,The agat
26、e lamp within thy hand!Ah, Psyche, from the regions whichAre Holy Land!2021/8/2626The ThemeThe ThemeThe beauty of a woman with The beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14.Apparently when he was 14.Apparently she treated him kindly and she treated h
27、im kindly and may have urged him or may have urged him or perhaps inspired him to perhaps inspired him to write poetrywrite poetry.Beauty,as Poe uses the Beauty,as Poe uses the word in theword in thepoem ,appears to refer poem ,appears to refer to the womans to the womans bodybody as well as heras w
28、ell as her soul soul.On the one hand ,he On the one hand ,he represents her as represents her as Helen Helen of of Troythe quintessenceTroythe quintessence（典（典范范 ）of of physical beautyphysical beauty-at -at the beginning of this the beginning of this poem.poem. On the other ,her On the other ,her re
29、presents her as represents her as PsychePsyche at the end of the at the end of the poem.In Greek,Psyche means poem.In Greek,Psyche means soulsoul. .Physical beauty+Spiritual beautyThe true beauty2021/8/2627Abouttheauthorsfeeling这是一首写给内心深处所爱的女人的诗。充满了这是一首写给内心深处所爱的女人的诗。充满了古典主义式唯美古典主义式唯美, ,深刻的表达了作者深刻的表达
30、了作者对爱与美的执对爱与美的执着追求着追求艾伦坡对自己的诗解释就是艾伦坡对自己的诗解释就是 ：为了美而美，为了为了美而美，为了诗而诗诗而诗。而他所提到的美绝不仅仅是。而他所提到的美绝不仅仅是外表外表上的，上的，还有还有精神精神上的纯洁与真挚上的纯洁与真挚。2021/8/2628Helen:AnallusiontoHelenofTroyinGreekmythology.Nicean:OforfromNicea(alsospelledNicaea),acityinancientTurkeynearthesiteoftheTrojanWar.barks:smallsailingvessels.End
31、rhyme:A,B,A,B,B.1 stanza2021/8/26292stanzawont:accustomedtoNaiad:NaiadswereminornaturegoddessesinGreekandRomanmythology.Theyinhabitedandpresidedoverrivers,lakes,streams,andfountains.Naiadairs:Peaceful,gentlebreezesorqualitiestheglorythat.Rome:Theselasttwolines,beginningwiththe glory that was,areamon
32、gthemostfrequentlyquotedlinesinworldliterature.Endrhyme:A,B,A,B,A.Halfrhyme:FaceandGreece2021/8/26303stanzaPsyche:InGreekandRomanmythology,Psychewasabeautifulprincessdeartothegodoflove,Eros(Cupid),whowouldvisitherinadarkenedroominapalace.Onenightsheusedanagatelamptodiscoverhisidentity.Later,attheurg
33、ingofEros,Zeusgaveherthegiftofimmortality.Erosthenmarriedher.Endrhyme:A,B,B,A,B.fromtheregionswhichareHolyLand:fromancientGreeceandRome;fromthememoryPoehadofMrs.Stanard2021/8/2631ImageryandSummaryofthePoem Poeopensthepoemwithasimile“Helen,thybeautyistome/LikethoseNicanbarksofyore”thatcomparesthebeau
34、tyofHelen(Mrs.Stanard,)withsmallsailingboats(barks)thatcarriedhometravelersinancienttimes.2021/8/2632Heextendsthisboatimageryintothesecondstanza,whenhesaysHelenbroughthimtotheshoresofthegreatestcivilizationsofantiquity,classicalGreeceandRome.ItmaywellhavebeenthatMrs.Stanardsbeautyandotheradmirablequ
35、alities,aswellashertakingnoticeofPoeswritingability,helpedinspirehimtowritepoetrythatmimickedinsomewaystheclassicaltraditionofGreeceandRome.Certainlythepoemsallusionstomythologyandtheclassicalagesuggestthathehadagroundingin,andafondnessfor,ancienthistoryandliterature.2021/8/2633Inthefinalstanzaofthe
36、poem,PoeimaginesthatMrs.Stanard(Helen)isstandingbeforehiminarecessoralcoveinfrontofawindow.Sheisholdinganagatelamp,asthebeautifulPsychedidwhenshediscoveredtheidentityofEros(Cupid).2021/8/2634Theme Beauty,asPoeusesthewordinthepoem,appearstorefertothewomanssoulaswellasherbody.Ontheonehand,herepresents
37、herasHelenofTroythequintessenceofphysicalbeautyatthebeginningofthepoem.Ontheother,herepresentsherasPsychethequintessenceofsoulfulbeautyattheendofthepoem.InGreek,psychemeanssoul.2021/8/2635Annabel LeeBy Allen Poe2021/8/26362021/8/2637SettingThenarrator(persona)writesaboutafictionalkingdomalongtheocea
38、nshore.Itisanidyllic,beautiful,landofenchantmentaparadiseonearthwhereheandAnnabelLeefellinloveasadolescents.Onecanimaginethattheystrolledthebeaches,handinhand,ingentlebreezeswhilethesunwentdownandthetiderushedin.Thiskingdom,whereloveruledtheirhearts,remainsdeartothememoryofthepoetafterAnnabelLeedies
39、,forhissoulremainsunitedwithhers.2021/8/2638CharactersNarrator(persona):Amanofdeepsensibilitywhoextollsayoungmaidenwithwhomhefelldeeplyinlove.AnnabelLee:Beautifulyoungmaidenlovedbythepoet.Shewasofnoblebirth,asLine17ofStanza1suggestswhenitsaysshehad“highborn”relatives.AnnabelLeeprobablyrepresentsPoes
40、wife,whodiedatayoungage.Seraphs:MembersofthehighestorderofangelsaroundthethroneofGod.AccordingtotheBible,theyeachhadthreepairsofwings.Inthepoem,theseraphsaresoenviousofthelovebetweenthenarratorandAnnabelLeethattheycauseAnnabelsdeath.RelativeofAnnabelLee:A“highbornkinsman”(Line17,Stanza1)whocarriesaw
41、ayandentombsherbody.2021/8/2639Familiar Motif: Romeo and JulietLikeShakespearesRomeoandJuliet,thenarratorandAnnabelLeearebothveryyoungwhentheyfalldeeplyinlove.Inaddition,likeShakespeares“star-crossed”lovers,Poesloversbecomevictimsofforcesbeyondtheircontrol.Finally,thenarratorandAnnabelLeelikeRomeoan
42、dJulietexperiencealovebeyondtheunderstandingofolderpersons.(Seetheopeninglinesofthesecondstanza.)The Real Annabel LeeThemodelforAnnabelLeewasprobablyPoeswife,VirginiaClemm,whomhemarriedwhenshewasonly13.Theirmarriagewasaveryhappyone.Unfortunately,shediedoftuberculosisinJanuary1847whenshewasstillinher
43、twenties.PoediedtwoyearsandninemonthslateronOctober7,1849.“AnnabelLee”washislastpoem.Rhyme, Rhythm, Repetition:PoeusesthreeRsrhyme,rhythm,andrepetitionin“AnnabelLee”tocreateaharmonyofsoundsthatunderscoretheexquisiteharmonyofthenarratorsrelationshipwithhisbeloved.2021/8/2640ThemeEternallove.Thelovebe
44、tweenthenarratorandAnnabelLeeissostrongandbeautifulandpurethateventheseraphs,thehighestorderofangelsinheaven,envyit.TheyattempttokillthislovebysendingachillingwindthatkillsAnnabelLee.However,theloveremainsaliveeternalbecausethesoulsoftheloversremainunited.ThedeathofabeautifulwomanisacommonthemeinPoe
45、swriting.2021/8/2641Poerepeatsthisrhythmicpatternthroughoutthepoem,perhapstosuggesttheriseandfallofthetides.Healsorepeatskeyphrasessuchasin this kingdom by the seaandmy Annabel Lee(ormy beautiful Annabel Lee)tocreatehauntingrefrains.Inaddition,Poesometimesrepeatswordsorwordpatternswithinasingleline,
46、asin(1)many and many a year ago,(2)we loved with a love that was more than love,and(3)my darlingmy darling.Poefurtherenhancestherhythmofthepoemwiththerepetitionofconsonantsounds(alliteration).Notice,forexample,therepetitionofthe“w”and“l”soundsinthislineinStanza2:But we loved with a love that was mor
47、e than love.Poesometimescouplesrepetitionofconsonantsoundswithrepetitionofvowelsounds,asinmany and many,love and be loved,andthose who were older than we.2021/8/2642Word Choice:Poecarefullychosethewordsofthepoemtoevokeadreamlandorfairytaleatmosphere.It was many and many a year ago,forexample,echoest
48、hetraditionalfairytaleopeningofonce upon a time.Thewordskingdom, maiden,andchildthenleadthereaderintothenever-neverland,withkingdomsuggestingchivalryandromance,maidensuggestinginnocence,andchildsuggestingthewondermentofyouth.Althoughhefirstusessepulchre(Stanza3)torefertoAnnabelLeesburialchamberthenr
49、epeatsitintheseventhlineofStanza6heusestombinthelastlineofthepoemtorefertoherrestingplace.Tombhasamoreominousconnotation,suggestingfinality.Italsohasamoredeathlyring,likethecavernoustollofafuneralbell.2021/8/2643ImageryDarkness and Light: Impliedandexplicitimagesofdarknessandlightoccurthroughoutthep
50、oem.Poeimpliesthatthekingdombytheseaisabright,cheerfulplacewherethesunshinesontwoyounglovers,thenarratorandAnnabelLee.Ironically,inanotherrealmofdazzlinglightheaventhehighestorderofangels,theSeraphim,growdarkwithenvyoftheyoungcouple.Undercoverofnight,theysendacoldwindthatkillsAnnabelLee:Thewindcameo
51、utofthecloudbynight,/ChillingandkillingmyAnnabelLee.Butthenarratorsaysheremainsinarealmoflight,forhissoulandthesoulofAnnabelLeeareone.Inthelaststanza,Poeemphasizesthispointwithlightimagery2021/8/2644IhopeyouwontmindwhenIgowithoutyouforanicechatwithaclosefriendofmine.Youaremybosomfriend,butyoucannott
52、aketheplaceofotherfriendsanymorethantheycandoyours.Ineedtheircare,encouragementandsoberingcriticismjustasIdoyours.Astarlessskywithasolitarymoonwouldbedullandcheerless,whynotlettherebeamoonlitnightresplendentwithtwinklingstars.2021/8/2645mayoccasionallywanttomakeatouroffarawayplaces.Pleasedontholdmeb
53、ackwhenIstartpackingforit.Youarethecenterofmylife,butcertainlynotthewholeofit.Iyearntoseethemysteriesandwondersoftheworldmilesawaybeyondthemountains;Soletmehaveachancetoexploremy“AlicesWonderland”asa“loneranger”.SometimelaterwhenIcomebacktoyouwithexoticexperiencesandfreshinsights,Imsureyouwilllookat
54、meinanewlight.Mydearhusband,solongasyouletmehavesuchalittle,littleworld,Illbeverymuchindebtedtoyou.2021/8/2646Use of Alliteration: PoereliesheavilyonalliterationinAnnabelLeetocreatepleasingsoundpatterns.Followingareexamplesofalliterationinthepoem:2021/8/2647First StanzaNotice the recurrence of m and
55、 n sounds (alliteration).2021/8/2648SecondStanzaCoveted:envied, resented2021/8/2649ThirdStanzathis was the reason:theseraphsenvylongago:thesewordsechomany a year agoinLine1,Stanza1.a cloud:Usingthesewordsinsteadofthe skyinfusesforebodingandgloomwhilesymbolizingthedarkenvyoftheseraphs.selpulchre:Brit
56、ishspellingofsepulcher.Britain,ofcourse,hasalwayshadamonarchy,thetypeofgovernmentthatwouldruleinakingdombythesea2021/8/2650Fourthstanzaoutofacloudbynight:Useofthisphraseemphasizesthedarkenvyoftheangelsandtheirsneakyscheme(whichunfoldsunderthecoverofnight).chillingandkilling:anexampleofinternalrhyme2
57、021/8/2651FifthStanzaThenarratorherefocusesonthreeworlds:(1)earth,therealmofhumans;(2)heaven,therealmofangels;and(3)hell,therealmofdemons.ThelovebetweenhimandAnnabelisstrongerthananyotherearthlyloveandcansurvivethesinistereffortsoftheangelsandthedemonstosabotage蓄意破坏it.ever,dissever:internalrhyme2021
58、/8/2652SixthStanzaPoestressesimageryoflightinthisstanza,associatingmoonbeamswithdreamsabouthisbelovedandtheradianceofstarswithhereyes.Inthesixthline,heusesafigureofspeechcalledanaphora首语重复法whenhewritesthewordmyfourtimes.2021/8/2653因为每夜月亮的光辉都为我带来梦寐，梦见美丽的安娜贝尔丽；而每夜星星的上升都使我感到那眼神，来自美丽的安娜贝尔丽。于是，在整个夜间，我都躺下
59、，在她的身边，我的爱，我的爱，我的生命我的新娘在临海的孤坟里，在骚响的海畔的小墓里。2021/8/2654TheRavenEdagrAllenPoe(1809-1849)Hiswritingthemes:Poe的写作主题1.death-predominantthemeinpoeswriting死亡是Poe的诗歌的主题2.disintegrationoflife生命的瓦解，崩溃3.horrorandmystery恐惧，神秘2021/8/2655AglorifiedcrowAraven,whichcanbeuptotwofeetlong,isatypeofcrow.Ravenseatsmallan
60、imals,carrion,fruit,andseeds.Theyoftenappearinlegendandliteratureassinisteromens.Italwysstandsforevil，ghostandsomethingbad.Asymbolofdeath乌鸦，通常吃小动物，腐肉，水果，和种子。乌鸦通查出现在神话故事和文学作品中，象征邪恶的女人，是死亡的象征。2021/8/2656backgroundAmanwhohaslosthisbeloved,awomannamedLenore.Heisdepressed,lonely,andpossiblymentallyunstab
61、leasaresultofhisbereavement.Hewasindeepsorrowinhiswifesdeath.诗歌背景：一个男人刚刚失去他的妻子Lenore，他非常的沮丧，孤独，精神状态极差，沉浸在丧妻的痛苦之中。2021/8/2657onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIponderedweakandweary,Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore,WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,Asofsomeonegentlyrapping,
62、rappingatmychamberdoor.Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoorOnlythis,andnothingmore.从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。“有人来了，有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房门正在叩击我的房门唯此而已，
63、别无他般。唯此而已，别无他般。”2021/8/2658Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;-vainlyIhadsoughttoborrowFrommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelostLenoreFortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnamedLenoreNamelesshereforevermore.哦
64、，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月；哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月；每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。我当时真盼望翌日；我当时真盼望翌日；因为我已经枉费心机因为我已经枉费心机想用书来消除悲哀想用书来消除悲哀消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。2021/8/2659The RavenIthaseighteenplotsandeachplothassixlinesIttellsofatalkingRavensmy
65、steriousvisittoadistraughtlover,tracingthemansslowfallintomadness.乌鸦共有18节，每节6行，乌鸦到访心碎如麻的爱人，记录了该男子几乎接近疯狂的悲伤。Thepoemmakesuseofanumberoffolksandclassicalreference!该诗歌引用了传说和古典神话。Thelover,oftenidentifiedasbeingastudent,islamenting(惋惜)thelossofhislove,Lenore.诗歌中的男子，正悲痛惋惜逝去的恋人，Lenore2021/8/2660SettingThech
66、amberofahouseatmidnight.Poeusesthewordchamberratherthanbedroomapparentlybecausechamberhasadarkandmysteriousconnotation.theaimistocreateanatmosphere-mysterious,horrible,gloomy故事发生在一个厢房，作者用chamber这个词而不用bedroom,因为chamber有着黑暗和神秘的联想。作者主要想创造一种神秘，恐惧，阴暗的气氛。2021/8/2661WordChoiceAsinhisshortstories,Poeiscaref
67、ultouseprimarilywordsthatcontributetotheoverallatmosphereandtoneofthepoem.Thesewordsincludeweary, dreary, bleak, dying, sorrow, sad, darkness, stillness, mystery, ebony, grave, stern, lonely, grim,ghastly,andgaunt.诗人主要用了一些词如weary 疲惫的, dreary 枯燥的, bleak 昏暗的, dying垂死的, sorrow悲伤, sad 悲伤的, darkness 黑暗,
68、stillness 寂静, mystery神秘, ebony乌黑的, grave 坟墓, stern 苛刻的, lonely 寂寞的, grim 阴冷的,ghastly 可怕苍白的,andgaunt 憔悴荒凉的.给诗歌烘托一种忧郁可怕的气氛。2021/8/2662SoundAndRhythmThemelancholytoneofTheRavenreliesasmuchonitsmusicalsoundandrhythmicpatternasonthemeaningofthewords.Thispatternusesastressedsyllablefollowedbyanunstresseds
69、yllable,withatotalofsixteensyllablesineachline.乌鸦的忧郁的调子也通过诗歌的韵律来体现，每行十六个音节，一个重音节紧跟着一个非重音节。2021/8/2663theRavenOnceuponamidnightdreary,whileIpondered,weakandweary，Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore，WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,Asofsomeonerapping,rappingatmychamberdo
70、or.Tissomevisitor,Imuttered,tappingatmychamberdoorOnlythis,andnothingmore.有一天阴沉的半夜时分，当我疲乏烦闷，面对一堆古籍奇书，想把失传的奥秘揭开，当我打着盹几乎睡着，忽听得一声剥啄，仿佛有人轻轻敲着，轻敲在我的房门外。谁敲门呢?我喃喃道，一定有客人来，别无其他，不必费疑猜。2021/8/2664Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.EagerlyIwishedt
71、hemorrow;vainlyIhadtriedtoborrowFrommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelostLenoreFortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenoreNamelesshereforevermore.啊，记得清清楚楚，那是十二月寒冷刺骨，行将熄灭的余烬投射的鬼影在地上摇摆。我焦急地盼望天亮，我徒劳地搜寻书章，想从书中借良方，止住失去丽诺尔的悲哀天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱，人间此名已永不存在。2021/8/2665Andthesilkensaduncertainrustlingo
72、feachpurplecurtainThrilledme-filledmewithfantasticterrorsneverfeltbefore;Sothatnow,tostillthebeatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating,TissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoorSomelatevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoorThisitisandnothingmore.每幅紫红的丝绸帘幕，发出悲哀的簌簌，使从未体验的荒诞的恐怖向我袭来；此刻为了止住心悸，我站着再次说道：这是有人来
73、找，敲着我的房门要求进来，这是半夜的客人，敲着我的房门要求进来，别无其他，不必费疑猜。2021/8/2666Presentlymysoulgrewstronger;hesitatingthennolonger,Sir,saidI,orMadam,trulyyourforgivenessIimplore;ButthefactisIwasnapping,andsogentlyyoucamerapping,Andsofaintlyyoucametapping,tappingatmychamberdoor,ThatIscarcewassureIheardyou-hereIopenedwidethedo
74、or;Darknessthere,andnothingmore.刹那间我鼓足了勇气，于是我不再迟疑，我诚恳地请你原谅，我说，先生或太太，事实我是瞌睡朦胧，而你又敲得太轻，那么模糊不清地敲着敲着，在我房门外，我不知是否真的听见，这时我把房门大开，一无所有，一片阴霾。2021/8/2667Deepintothatdarknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearingDoubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore;Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgave
75、notoken,Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,Lenore!“ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,Lenore!Merelythis,andnothingmore.我向这片黑暗张望，我愣在那儿，惊疑慌张，凡人从不敢做的怪梦纷纷向我袭来，但周围一片寂静，黑暗中毫无迹象可寻，唯有低语丽诺尔的声音在黑夜里徘徊，这是我低呼丽诺尔!而回声又传了回来，别无其他，除此以外。2021/8/2668Thenintothechamberturningallmysoulwithinmeburning,So
76、onIheardagainatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore.Surely,saidI,surelythatissomethingatmywindowlattice;Letmesee,then,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexploreLetmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore;Tisthewind,andnothingmore!于是我转身进房，整个灵魂像着了火一样，马上又听到一声剥啄，响声超过了刚才。我敢断定，我说，有东西在敲我的窗格，让我看看那儿有什么，好把这神秘解开，让我的心稍微静一
77、静，就把这神秘解开，准是风声，岂有他哉!2021/8/2669OpenhereIflungtheshutter,when,withmanyaflirtandflutter,Intheresteppedastatelyravenofthesaintlydaysofyore;Nottheleastobeisancemadehe;notaninstantstoppedorstayedhe;But,withmienoflordorlady,perchedabovemychamberdoorPercheduponabustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoorPerched,and
78、sat,andnothingmore.这时我大敞了百叶窗，于是，抖动着翅膀，跨进一只严肃的乌鸦他属于神圣的古代；他毫无谦恭的礼仪，也毫不停步或迟疑，却摆出贵族的神气，跑到我房门顶上呆，在我门顶的智慧女神雅典娜的像上呆，呆在那里，再不下来。2021/8/2670ThenthisebonybirdbeguilingmysadfancyintosmilingBythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore.“Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,”Isaid,“artsurenocraven,Ghastlygrimand
79、ancientravenwanderingfromtheNightlyshoreTellmewhatthylordlynameisontheNightsPlutonianshore!”Quoththeraven,“Nevermore.”这头乌檀木的大鸟，一副庄严的外表，他的严肃高雅驱散我的忧思，逗我开怀；哪怕拔光你的毛发，我说，你胆量可真大，你这阴森森的古代乌鸦，来自夜的彼岸，请教你的尊姓大名，在夜的冥府之岸！乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2671MuchImarveledthisungainlyfowltoheardiscoursesoplainly,Thoughitsanswerlitt
80、lemeaning-littlerelevancyhore;ForwecannothelpagreeingthatnosublunarybeingEveryetwasblessedwithseeingbirdabovehischamberdoor-BirdorbeastuponthesculpturedbustaboveIuschamberdoor,WithsuchmimeasNevermore.这只难看的大鸟听得懂话，使我大为惊讶，（尽管他的回答不得要领，意思不甚明白，）因为我们不能不承认，普天下的世人谁也未曾有幸见到大禽在他的房门上呆，有幸见到鸟或兽在他门顶的雕像上呆，而且名叫永不再。20
81、21/8/2672Buttheraven,sittinglonelyontheplacidbust,spokeonlyThatoneword,asifhissoulinthatillwordhedidoutpour.Nothingfartherthenheuttered-notafeatherthenhefluttered-TillIscarcelymorethanmuttered,OtherfriendshaveflownbeforeOnthemorrowhewillleaveme,asmyhopeshaveflownbefore.Thenthebirdsaid,Nevermore.但栖在雕
82、像上的乌鸦，只说了这一句话，仿佛是他整个灵魂在这句话里吐了出来。接下去他什么也不说，没有一根羽毛抖动，直等到我喃喃地说：其他朋友都已离开，像我飞走的希望一样，到早晨他也会离开。乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2673Wonderingatthestillnessbrokenbyreplysoaptlyspoken,Doubtless,saidI,whatituttersisitsonlystockandstore,CaughtfromsomeunhappymasterwhomunmercifulDisasterFollowedfastandfollowedfastel-so,whenHopeh
83、ewouldadjure,SternDespairreturned,insteadofthesweetHopehedaredadjure-Thatsadanswer,Nevermore!这一应答如此聪明，不禁使我大吃一惊，无疑地，我说，这句话就是他的全部口才，得自某位倒楣的主人灾祸对他毫不怜悯，步步紧跟越跟越紧，直到他的歌身负重载，直到他所有希望的挽歌都身负同一个重载，这重载就叫永不再。2021/8/2674Buttheravenstillbeguilingallmysadsoulintosmiling,StraightIwheeledacushionedseatinfrontofbird,a
84、ndbust,anddoor;Thenuponthevelvetsinking,IbetookmyselftolinkingFancyuntofancy,thinkingwhatthisominousbirdofyore-Whatthisgrim,ungainly,ghastly,gaunt,andominousbirdofyoreMeantincroakingNevermore.但乌鸦还在逗我开心，消遣我的苦闷，我干脆把软垫座椅推到大鸟跟前来；往天鹅绒上一坐，吧种种幻想连成线索。把这阴森古怪，恐怖难看的不详古鸟猜，为什么他说永不再。2021/8/2675ThisIsatengagedingu
85、essing,butnosyllableexpressingTothefowlwhosefieryeyesnowburnedintomybosomscore;ThisandmoreIsatdivining,withmyheadateaserecliningOnthecushionsvelvetliningthatthelamplightgloatedoer,Butwhosevelvetvioletliningwiththelamplightgloatingoer,Sheshallpress,ah,nevermore!我猜着，全神贯注，但对大禽我一声不出，他那如火的眼睛此刻已烧透了我的心怀；凭直
86、觉我感知了许多，当我的头轻轻靠着，靠着灯光的幸灾乐祸之下的天鹅绒座垫，但座垫的主人呢，这淡紫色的天鹅绒座垫她不再靠了，永不再!2021/8/2676Then,methought,theairgrewdenser,perfumedfromanunseencenserSwungbyangelswhosefaintfoot-fallstinkledonthetuftedfloor.Wretch,Icried,thyGodhathlentthee-bytheseangelshehathsenttheeRespite-respiteandNepenthefromthymemoriesofLenore!L
87、etmequaffthiskindNepentheandforgetthislostLenore!Quoththeraven,Nevermore.我觉得空气变得稠密，无形香炉散出香气，那是天使们摇着香炉，丁丁当当隐隐走来。可怜虫!我喊道，上帝派天使给我送来了安息安息和忘忧药，让我把丽诺尔忘怀！让我饮尽忘忧灵药，把失去的丽诺尔忘怀！乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2677Prophet!saidI,thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil!-WhetherTemptersent,orwhethertempesttossedtheehereashore,Des
88、olate,yetallundaunted,onthisdesertlandenchanted-OnthishomebyHorrorhaunted-tellmetruly,Iimplore-Isthere-istherebalminGilead?(1)-tellme-tellme,Iimplore!Quotetheraven,Nevermore.先知！我说，一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!不管是诱惑者派你来，还是风暴把你抛来来到这被魔法迷住但未吓住的荒芜国土，来到这恐怖的小屋求求你，向我坦白：基列有没有止痛香膏?求求你，向我坦白!乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2678Prophet!saidI,
89、thingofevil!-prophetstill,ifbirdordevil!BythatHeaventhatbendsaboveus-bythatGodwebothadore-Tellthissoulwithsorrowladenif,withinthedistantAidenn(2),ItshallclaspasaintedmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore-ClasparareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnameLenore.Quoththeraven,Nevermore.(2)Aidenn：阿拉伯语的And,即Eden（天堂，乐园
90、）先知!我说，一个先知!尽管你是鸟或恶魔!凭着上天，凭着上帝(咱俩对他同样膜拜)，请告诉我悲痛的灵魂：在遥远的伊甸园中，我能不能把升天的少女丽诺尔抱在胸怀？天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱！乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2679Bethatwordoursignofparting,birdorfiend!Ishrieked,upstarting-GettheebackintothetempestandtheNightsplutonianshore!Leavenoblackplumeasatokenofthatliethysoulhathspoken!Leavemylonelinessunb
91、roken!-quitthebustabovemydoor!Takethybeakfromoutmyheart,andtakethyformfromoffmydoor!Quoththeraven,Nevermore.用这句话告别吧，恶魔或乌!我跳起来狂叫，回到你那风暴之夜，回到你那冥府之岸！连一根黑羽也别留下，让我忘却你的谎话！别再对我的孤寂打岔!从我的雕像离开！别再啄我的心了，从我门上的雕像离开！乌鸦说道：永不再。2021/8/2680Andtheraven,neverflitting,stillissitting,stillissittingOnthepallidbustofPallas（
92、3）justabovemychamberdoor;Andhiseyeshavealltheseemingofademonthatisdreaming,Andthelamp-lightoerhimstreamingthrovehisshadowonthefloor;AndmysoulfromoutchatshadowthatliesfloatingonthefloorShallbelifted-nevermore!（3）Pallas:即雅典娜，智慧女神乌鸦仍然栖在门上，苍白的雅典娜像上，呆坐不动，不飞不动，看来再也不想离开；他的那副眼睛，纯粹像个恶魔陷入了梦境，而吊灯把他的投影映在地上轻轻摇摆，
93、我的灵魂啊被这黑影笼罩，再也起不来，要想摆脱?永不再!2021/8/2681Deathinthepoem诗歌中的死亡1.Especiallywhenheaskedwhetherhecouldmeethislostbelovedintheheaven.Withtherepetitionofthesameword“Nevermore”当诗歌中的男子问（乌鸦），他是否能再见到他的爱时，他得到的答复是Nevermore2.Everythingisserene/deadexceptthetappingandswipper诗歌里面的每一样都是死寂，除了轻敲的声音和猛击的声音3.theauthorshear
94、tdeeplyfallenintosorrow。作者的心情是极度地忧伤。2021/8/2682Thebeautyinthepoem诗歌的美Whenthetappingpersists,heopenstheshutterofthewindowanddiscoversaraven,whichfliesintotheroomandlandsabovethedooronabustofAthena(Pallasinthepoem),thegoddessofwisdomandwarinGreekmythology.Itsays“Nevermore”toallhisthoughtsandlongings.T
95、heraven,asymbolofdeath,tellsthemanhewillneveragain(nevermore)seehisbeloved,neveragainholdhereveninheaven.当轻轻的敲门声持续不断，作者打开窗发现了一只乌鸦，这只乌鸦飞了进来，落在雅典娜神（智慧女神）的雕像上。作者所有的遐想和思绪，它所有的回答都是Nevermore。乌鸦，死亡的象征，告诉作者，他将不会再见到他的爱，也不可能抱她入怀，即使是在天堂。2021/8/2683somethingdetailanalysisStanza10:TheRavenjustsitsthereandsaysnev
96、ermore.Thenarrator,alittlespookedbytheentireepisodemuttersthebirdwillprobablyjustleavetomorrow.Analysis:Thereissomethinginthewordnevermorethatbringsdespairtothenarrator.Hebelievestheravenispouringouthissoulwitheachutteranceoftheword,similartothepouringoutofthenarratorssoulashelongsforthereturnofLeno
97、re.Nevermore给了作者完全的绝望，他相信乌鸦说出了他灵魂深处的对Lenore复活的渴望。2021/8/2684SummaryItismidnightonacoldeveninginDecemberinthe1840s.Inadarkandshadowybedroom,woodburnsinthefireplaceasamanlamentsthedeathofLenore,awomanhedeeplyloved.Tooccupyhismind,hereadsabookofancientstories.Butatappingnoisedisturbshim.Whenheopensthed
98、oortothebedroom,heseesnothingonlydarkness.十二月的某个夜晚，一名男子正在昏暗的房间里怀念已逝的爱人-Lenore。为了填补空荡荡的心，他读了一些故事书，轻轻的敲门声传来，当他打开门，什么也没有。2021/8/2685Whenthetappingpersists,heopenstheshutterofthewindowanddiscoversaraven,whichfliesintotheroomandlandsabovethedooronabustofAthena(Pallasinthepoem),thegoddessofwisdomandwarinG
99、reekmythology.Itsays“Nevermore”toallhisthoughtsandlongings.Theraven,asymbolofdeath,tellsthemanhewillneveragain(nevermore)seehisbeloved,neveragainholdhereveninheaven.持续的敲门声不断，他打开百叶窗，发现了一只乌鸦，乌鸦飞了进来，落在雅典娜神的雕像上。面对作者所有的提问，乌鸦的回答都是Nevermore.乌鸦，象征着死亡，告诉了这个男子，他将再也见不到他的爱Lenore，即使是在天堂。2021/8/2686Theaim1.Thatis
100、,everythingwelovedisjustlikewhattheravenhasrepeatedinthepoem-Oncelost,theywillnevercomeback(Nevermore)2.Expresshissadnessafterlosinghisbeloved3.Arousesympathywithreaders正如乌鸦所言，任何事物，包括我们爱的人，一旦失去，再也寻不回来。2021/8/2687TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍府的倒塌2021/8/2688The Fall of the House of Usher, which first app
101、eared in Burtons Gentlemans Magazine in September, 1839, and was reprinted in Poes books of 1840 and 1845, is a detailed, symbolic account of the derangement(精神错乱精神错乱) and dissipation （精神精神消散消散）of an individuals personality.厄舍府的倒塌，该故事首次出现在厄舍府的倒塌，该故事首次出现在 Burtons Gentlemans Magazine 1839年年9月，重印在月，重印在
102、 Poe出版出版的书作中，该故事是对一个人的精神错乱和涣散的人的书作中，该故事是对一个人的精神错乱和涣散的人格的详细描述。格的详细描述。2021/8/2689outlineThe author Plot Structure analysis style and interpretation Theme2021/8/2690TheAuthorEdgarAllanPoe(born Edgar Poe, January 19, 1809 October 7, 1849)an American author, poet, editor and literary critic. Best known f
103、or his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre.2021/8/2691PlotAnunnamednarratorreceivedhisboyhoodfriendRoderickUshersletter,whichreadthatUsherspokeofacutebodilyillness-ofamen
104、taldisorderwhichoppressedhim-andofanearnestdesiretoseeme,ashisbest,andindeedhisonlypersonalfriend,withaviewofattempting,bythecheerfulnessofmysociety,somealleviation（缓和）ofhismalady（疾病）.Asareply,IcametothehouseofUshertoaccompanywithmyfriend.Ledbyaservant,ImetUsherinhisroom.Hegreetedmewithgreatwarmth.一
105、个匿名的描述者收到他的朋友RoderickUsher的信，信中Roderick说他被精神疾病困扰，并迫切地想见到我，因为我是他唯一的朋友。作为回应，我来到ThehouseofUsher厄舍府来陪伴我的朋友。由一名仆人带领，我见到了Usher，他很热情接待了我。2021/8/2692ItisrevealedthatRodericks twin sister, Madeline, is also ill and falls into cataleptic, death-like trances.ThenarratorisimpressedwithRoderickspaintings,andatte
106、mptstocheerhimbyreadingwithhimandlisteningtohisimprovisedmusicalcompositionsontheguitar.RodericksingsTheHauntedPalace,thentellsthenarratorthathebelievesthehousehelivesintobesentient（有感知的）,andthatthissentiencearisesfromthearrangementofthemasonry(石造建筑)andvegetation（植物）surroundingit.来到厄舍府，我发现，Roderick的
107、姐姐，Madeline也病了，精神恍惚。Roderick画画非常出色，我为了安抚Roderick，陪他读书，听他弹他改良后的音乐作品。Roderick唱了“TheHauntedPalace闹鬼的宫殿”并告诉我，他相信这个房子是有感知的，建筑的石头，屋外的植物都有着某种感知的能力。2021/8/2693Rodericklaterinformsthenarratorthathissisterdied.Thenarratorhelpstheentombment.Roderickdecidedtoputhissisterscoffininoneofvaults,whichhavebeendeserte
108、dforalongtime.Oncertainonenightthatisstormy,Roderickwasuneasy.So in order to calm him , the narrator read a story for him , which accidentally strikes Roderick mind that he buried his sister alive and refused to save her. Finally his sister Madeline came into the room bloody. They died together. The
109、 narrator frightened to escape from the house. The house collapsed in the storm. Roderick通知我，他的姐姐去世了，作者帮忙处理后事。Roderick想把他姐姐的棺材放在弃置已久的地下室。某个暴风雨的夜晚，Roderick非常地焦躁不安。为了安抚Roderick，我读故事给他听，突然Roderick想起姐姐没有死，而他见死不救。最后Roderick的姐姐满身是血，进来了房间。两人一同死去。作者恐惧万分，逃出了厄舍府，风雨中，厄舍府倒塌了。2021/8/2694StructureanalysisBasedont
110、hestoryandmyunderstanding,Idividedthestoryintoseveralparts. The first part isaboutthesettingorthebackgroundofthisstory:thenaturalenvironmentofthehouseofUsher,thestateofRoderickUsherandhissisterMadeline,myfirstimpressiononthehouse,etc.The second partisaboutthemyeffortstorelaxthenervesofRoderick.These
111、phenomenashow sighsofeasement.2021/8/2695The third partistheclimaxofthiswholestory.ThedeathofMadelinebroughtashocktoRoderick.Untilthestormynight,Madelinecameintotheroombloody.ItturnedoutthatMadelinedidntdieseveraldaysagobutRoderickputherintocoffinaliveandrefusedtosaveherevenifhehadheardthesound.Fina
112、llythesiblingsbothdiedinthehouseandthenarratorescapedfromthehouse.Inthefiercestorm,thehouseofUshershooktocollapse.2021/8/2696styleandinterpretationTheFalloftheHouseofUsherillustratesPoescriticaldoctrinethatunityofeffectdependsonunityoftone.Everydetailofthisstory,fromtheopeningdescriptionofthedanktar
113、nandthedarkroomsofthehousetotheunearthlystormwhichaccompaniesMadelinesreturnfromthetomb,helpstoconveytheterrorthatoverwhelmsandfinallydestroysthefragilemindofRoderickUsher.Poe的风格厄舍府的倒塌体现了Poe的一贯写作原则：效果取决于作品的基调。故事中的每一个细节，从开篇的黑暗的山中小湖到后来的可怕的暴风雨，伴随着Madeline从坟墓中爬出来，都提升了故事的恐怖色彩，最后Roderick脆弱的心不堪重负。2021/8/26
114、97RoderickandMadelinearenotjustbrotherandsisterbuttwinswhosharesympathiesofascarcelyintelligiblenaturewhichconnecthismentaldisintegrationtoherphysicaldecline.AsMadelinesmysteriousillnessapproachesphysicalparalysis,Rodericksmentalagitationtakestheformofamorbidacutenessofthesensesthatseparateshisbodyf
115、romthephysicalworldmakingallnormalsensationspainful.PoeusesthephraseHouseofUshertorefertoboththedecayingphysicalstructureandthelastofthealltime-honoredUsherrace.Roderick和Madeline不仅仅是兄妹关系，他们是孪生，他的精神上的不正常和她身体的恶化紧紧联系。随着Madeline的身体状况越来越差，几近瘫痪，Roderick的精神状态也逐渐恶化。2021/8/2698ThemeAccordingtoEdwardH.Davidso
116、ninhisbookPoe:ACriticalStudy,TheFalloftheHouseofUshercanbeinterpretedasadetailedaccountofthederangementanddissipationofanindividualspersonality.Thehouseitselfbecomesthesymbolicembodimentofthisindividual.Thefissure（裂缝）orthecrackinthedecayingmansion,thatisnotedbythenarratornearthebeginningofthestory,r
117、epresentsanirreconcilable（不能修复的）fractureintheindividualspersonality.Roderickrepresentsthemindortheintellect,厄舍府的倒塌可以理解为一个人的人格错乱，府邸的倒塌象征着一个人的崩溃。在一开始，作者描述到的的裂缝象征着人的性格上不能修复的缺陷。Roderick代表的是精神上的部分。2021/8/2699whiletheportionofpersonalitythatwerefertoasthesenses(hearing,seeing,touching,tastingandsmelling)i
118、srepresentedbyMadeline.LivingwithoutMadeline(thatiswithoutthesenses),Rodericksconditiondeteriorates（恶化）.Hebeginstosufferfroman.intolerableagitationofthesoul.感官上的，如听觉，视觉，触觉，味觉和嗅觉则由Madeline来体现。Roderick没有Madeline，就像一个人失去感官，所以Roderick的身体开始恶化，他开始焦躁不安，痛苦不已。2021/8/26100Attheendofthestory,Madelinereturnsfro
119、mherprematuretombtoclaimthemaddenedRoderick,avictimtotheterrorshehadanticipated.Asthetwoarereunitedindeath(themindcanneitherlivenordiewithoutitsphysicalcounterpart,thesenses),thehouse(asymbolofanowderangedindividual)crumblesintothedeepanddanktarn,asthenarratorfleesinterrorforhisownsanity.故事的最后，Madeline从坟墓中爬出，（她原是被Roderick活埋），来夺Roderick的性命。最后两者一同死去，就像一个人的心不能离开他的肢体，整个厄舍府象征着一个精神错乱的人，在作者逃离后，倒塌成碎片。2021/8/26101 刚才的发言，如刚才的发言，如有不当之处请多指有不当之处请多指正。谢谢大家！正。谢谢大家！2021/8/26102
