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1、Grammar: Modal verbsHow many modal verbs do you know?cancouldmaymightshallshouldmustwillwouldoughttohave to dare (darent)need (neednt) used to表示推测表示推测不表示推测不表示推测modal verbs表示推测表示推测一定，肯定一定，肯定must一定不，不可能一定不，不可能cant,couldnt可能肯定句可能肯定句may,might,could否定句否定句maymightnot疑问句疑问句can,could都可以都可以+dosth.表示现在表示现在bed
2、oing表示正在发生的动作表示正在发生的动作havedone表示表示过去发生的动作过去发生的动作Hemusthaveacarnow.must表示推测时，可以推测现在表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生正在发生的动作的动作/过去发生的动作。过去发生的动作。他一定有一辆车他一定有一辆车他一定在教室里做练习。他一定在教室里做练习。 他一定已完成了工作他一定已完成了工作Hemusthavefinishedthework.Hemustbedoinghisexercisesintheclassroom.一定不，不可能一定不，不可能cantcouldntHecantbeathome.Hecouldnthave
3、saidsuchathing.他们一定不在图书馆读书。他们一定不在图书馆读书。约翰是很聪明的，他应该不会叫他儿子那约翰是很聪明的，他应该不会叫他儿子那样做。样做。TheycantbereadinginthelibraryJohnisveryclever.Hecannothavetoldhissontodothat.可能可能肯定句肯定句could,may,might否定句否定句maymightnot（可能不）（可能不）疑问句疑问句can,couldv他可能正在睡觉。他可能正在睡觉。Thesestudentsmay/mighthaveseenthefilmbefore.否定句否定句Theboyma
4、y/mightnotbewatchingTVathome.（现在）（现在）这个男孩可能没在家看电视这个男孩可能没在家看电视Hemay/mightbesleepingnowv疑问句疑问句Howcouldhehaveforgottensuchanimportantthing?这么重要的事他怎么能忘这么重要的事他怎么能忘了呢？了呢？Itssolate.Wherecanshehavegone?天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？Canyouhaveleftthewatchathome?你你会不会把表丢在家里呢？会不会把表丢在家里呢？一.一.Choose the best answers
5、 to complete the Choose the best answers to complete the following sentences:following sentences: 1.Ithoughtyou_likesomethingtoread.SoIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.oughtB.mightC.couldD.must二二.2.ThatmanmustbeSarahshusband.-No,he_beherhusband.Sheisstillsingle.A.cantB.mustntC.maynotD.oughtto3.Peter_comewi
6、thustonight,butheisntverysure.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 4.What_itbe?-It_beamailbox,foritismoving.It_beacar.A.can;cant;mustB.can;can;mustC.can;mustnt;mustD.must;mustnt;can5.Look,someoneiscoming.Guess_.-Jack.Hesalwaysontime.A.whocanitbeB.whohemayC.whohecanbeD.whoitcanbe 6.IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.-Y
7、ou_her.Sheisstillabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustnthaveseenD.couldntsee7.David,you_playwiththevaluablebottle,you_breakit.A.wont;cant B.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;mustD.cant;shouldnt 表示能力表示能力一表示能力一表示能力can,could,beabletocan表示智力，体力方面的能力只能用表示智力，体力方面的能力只能用现在或现在或过去时。过去时。beableto通过努力克服困难作成事情通过努力克服困难作成事情,能用
8、能用于各种时态。于各种时态。*was/wereableto:设法做成某事设法做成某事相当于相当于managedtodosth.succeededindoingsth.。vcan与与beableto用法区别常与句子时态有关用法区别常与句子时态有关v1.现在时比较现在时比较v1) 表示表示”能力能力”时时,be able to 不用于第二人不用于第二人称称,v Youareabletodothework,Ithink. (X) 改用改用canvcan与感官动词与感官动词feel, hear, see, smell, taste连用时连用时, can显得可有可无显得可有可无,因而失去了情态因而失去了
9、情态动词的意义动词的意义,这种情况下这种情况下can不能用不能用be able to 代替代替ve.g., Wecanseebeautifulflowersandgreentreeshereandthere.vAnyonecanseeitisofnouse.3) can) can与某些表示意念的动词如：与某些表示意念的动词如：understand, understand, remember, forget, hope, imagine, believe, remember, forget, hope, imagine, believe, supposesuppose等连用时，同样没有情态动词的
10、意义，也等连用时，同样没有情态动词的意义，也不可用不可用be able tobe able to取代取代。e.g. I canI cant believe there are so many t believe there are so many tall buildings now in my home town tall buildings now in my home town v v2.过去去时比比较was/were able to 意含意含”经过努力努力” “凭借才能凭借才能” 获得的得的”能力能力”常与常与”manage to ”相通相通 They were short of mo
11、dern machines, but they were able to complete the project in time. 二表示允许vcan,could,may,mightmight,could表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。表达更客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。Excuseme,couldyoutellmethewaytothebusstation?Couldyouhelpme?Youcangonowifyoulike.MayIsmokeintheroom?三表示必须三表示必须oughtto/shouldhavetomust*haveto能用于各种时态能用于各种时态,且有人称和数的
12、变且有人称和数的变化化.oughtto的否定式为的否定式为oughtnotto或者或者oughtntto1.should和和oughttov大多数情况下，含义基本相同，大多数情况下，含义基本相同，should主要主要看主观看法，看主观看法，oughtto更多反映客观情况，更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律，规定，义务时使用。在谈到法律，规定，义务时使用。如：如：youshouldtryyourbesttopasstheentranceexamanations.Weoughttogoandseehellen,butIthinkwehavenotime.vShould还可以表示惊讶，出乎意料的意思还可以
13、表示惊讶，出乎意料的意思Whyshouldhedosuchathing?2.must与与haveto的用法的用法前者侧重于主观意念前者侧重于主观意念,后者则用于表示客观条后者则用于表示客观条件或义务件或义务,译为译为”只好只好”“不得不不得不”e.g., Hemustworktomakehisliving.Hehastobegforaliving.Must没有过去式没有过去式,在单句中若是过去时在单句中若是过去时,须用须用hadtoe.g., Hebeggedfromdoortodoor,forhehadtodosotolive若在从句中若在从句中,则可用则可用must来表示过去来表示过去e.
14、g., HesaidhemustmanagetoownanewhouseforEaster.must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”； 四表示虚拟shouldhavedone本应该做（而没做）本应该做（而没做）shouldnothavedone 本不应该做本不应该做Heshouldnthavesaidsuchathing.他当时不他当时不应该说那种话。应该说那种话。Weshouldhavestudiedlastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead 这种句式也能用这种句式也能用oughttoneednothavedone没有必要做某
15、事没有必要做某事Ineednothavegotupsoearly.我本来我本来不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）不必要那么早起床的（事实上早已起床）Ineednothavewaitedforthetrainforanhour.我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。（事实上已经等了一个小时）（事实上已经等了一个小时）3.couldhavedone它表示它表示“过去本来能够过去本来能够”实际上没能做实际上没能做。Ifyoucouldhavefinishedthetaskintime，youcouldhavebeenpromoted.如如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已
16、果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了（实际上没有被提升）提升了（实际上没有被提升）Icouldhavelaughedtohearhimtalklikethat.听他那样讲话，我差点笑出声来。听他那样讲话，我差点笑出声来。v4.mighthavedone虚拟式表示与过去事实虚拟式表示与过去事实相反的假设结果。相反的假设结果。Ifshehadstartedalittleearlier，shemighthavebeenintimeforthetrain.如果如果她早点出发，她有可能及时赶上火车。她早点出发，她有可能及时赶上火车。(实际实际上没有早出发，便没有赶上火车上没有早出发，便没有赶上火
17、车)Itmighthavebeenbettertostopthen.如果那时就停止的话，也许比较好。如果那时就停止的话，也许比较好。5wouldhavedonev它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果，它表示的是与过去事实相反之假设的结果，意思是意思是“当时就会当时就会了了”而实际上没有而实际上没有IwouldhavehelpedyouifIhadknownofyourdifficulties.Ifithadntrainedyesterday,wewouldhavegoneclimbing.假如昨天没下雨，我假如昨天没下雨，我们就去了。（实际上没有去）。们就去了。（实际上没有去）。III. 若表
18、示若表示过去，去，则用用woulde.g., He would take a walk after supper when he lived in the country.He said he would help.表示表示“过去常常去常常”除了用除了用would，还可以用可以用used to，不，不过后者常常含有后者常常含有“现在不在不”之意。之意。e.g., When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays.(Now maybe still does)When young, he used to go out for a trip.(But
19、 now he doesnt)此外，此外，would表示表示“过去常常去常常”时后面后面动词须是某种行是某种行为或或动作，不能是静作，不能是静态动词 。e.g., Near the village, there _ be a stream.A. would B. used toWould更多的用来表示更多的用来表示语气而不是气而不是时态Will/wouldyoupleasedo.,Wouldyouliketodo.,Wouldyouminddoing.都表示建议、询问、请求等。都表示建议、询问、请求等。e.g., Would/ Will you mind opening the windows
20、?I would / will do anything for you , sir.有有时甚至只能用甚至只能用would而不用而不用wille.g., I would like. Would you like.?They would love. He would rather shallI. 表示表示询问或征求或征求别人的意人的意见看法用于一、三人称看法用于一、三人称e.g., Shall I open the door?要我开要我开门吗？Shall he stay here for the night? 让他留下过夜吗？II.表示表示说话人的允人的允诺，警告，命令，威，警告，命令，威胁等，用
21、于二、等，用于二、三人称三人称e.g., If you work well ,you shall be well paid He says he wont come, but I say he shall. If you go there again, you shall lose what youve got.vIII表示规章，知识，预言等vEach competitor shall wear a number.vThe rules shall be obeyed.6反义疑问句反义疑问句在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must,cant
22、时，疑问部分的助动词应与时，疑问部分的助动词应与must,cant后面的后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。1.Hemustbeaworker,?2.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,?3.YoumusthavelearnedEnglishformanyyears,?4.Hecantbeateacher,?5.Shecanthavefinishedherhomework,?didntithaventyouisntheishehassheHomework1.Finish exercises12 after class.2.Review Un
23、it 13.1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. wouldvGuesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.Great!You_readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.mustB.shouldC.mu
24、sthaveD.shouldhavevMyMP4playerisntinmybag.Where_Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.wouldvIcantfindmypurseanywhere.-You_havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would1. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not2. The fire spread through the
25、hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toA D -ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway?Thankyou._A.ItcouldntbebetterB.OfcourseyoucanC.IfyoulikeD.ItsuptoyouTheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit_beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.WillD.canAD-MayIsmokehere?-Ifyou_,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.ShouldB.couldC.mayD.mustHow_yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestorywhenyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle?A.ShouldB.canC.mustD.willDB
