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1、动词不定式的基本用法归纳动词不定式的基本用法归纳 一、动词不定时的形式v肯定式:肯定式:to do sth v否定式:否定式:not to do sth. v 被动式:被动式:to be done v完成式:完成式:to have done 1.作主语A. 动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:如: (1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gives us much help in the study of sience. B. 不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用不定式或不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形
2、作形式主语,构成式主语,构成“It is + 形容词形容词(+for sb.)不定式不定式”结构。结构。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking. 二、动词不定式的用法2.作宾语A动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多,如want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。等等。 I mean to go there at once.B.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之
3、后,而用往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式作形式宾语。句型为宾语。句型为“主语主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词形容词/名词名词+to do sth”。I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it interesting to work with him. C动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语,但仅限于动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语,但仅限于介词介词except和和but(除了)。(除了)。v常用句型有:常用句型有:There is n
4、othing to do but+动词原形动词原形do nothing but+动词(除做动词(除做.之外别无选择)之外别无选择)can but+动词原形动词原形 (只能原形(只能原形(“只有做只有做)have no choice but to do ,只得),只得)cannot help/choose but+动词原形动词原形(不能不不能不)3作表语和宾语不足语v动词不定式作表语,一是主语有不定式充当;二是主语由抽象名词充当。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient.【注意】如果在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中)又
5、实意动词do时,作表语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词(【注意】在感官动词(see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等)和使役动词(等)和使役动词(let, have, make )后的补足语中,不定式不带)后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。 I saw him play in the park. He
6、 was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. Those men were made to work day and night.5.定语1、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如、不定式与被修饰的名词往往构成逻辑上的关系。如名词为不定式的逻辑主语,构成主谓关系;名词为不定式的逻辑主语,构成主谓关系; 若名词若名词为逻辑宾语,则构成动宾关系;为逻辑宾语,则构成动宾关系; He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough spa
7、ce to stand in on the earth 2、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系,、作定语的不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系, 不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词,如一个介词,如; He has a nice pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.6.作状语不定式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或条件。不定式作状语时,可表示目的,原因,结果或
8、条件。 如如;Im very glad to hear the news. (原因(原因)不定式作目的状语时,常可与不定式作目的状语时,常可与to, to order to, so as to 连用。连用。He got up early so as not to be late.不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有些不定式短语可以做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开。有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号的开。 不定式作结果状语常用如下句型 Too + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + to do sth 名词名词/ 形容词形容词/副词副词 + enough + to do sth enough+名词名词 +to do sth such +(形容词)名词(形容词)名词 +as to do sth so + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + as to do sth 【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子的【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。主语必须一致。