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1、英英 语语2018河南专题五专题五介词和介词短语介词和介词短语(必考点:必考点: 23分,单选、分,单选、完形、词语运用完形、词语运用)CONTENTS目目录录中考解中考解读读考点精考点精讲讲试题精试题精练练中考解中考解读读考点 题型 年份 河南省近五年中考统计 高频考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 介词词单项选择 27题 义辨析 完 形填空 43题 词语运用 26题 28题 23题 29题 / / / / / 42题 / / 74题 河南省近五年中考统计 考点 题型 年份 介词短语 词语运用 高频考点 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 完形填空 / /
2、36题 / / 70题 / 68题 / / 从近 5年的河南真题来看,介词的命题特点有: 必考点:介词词义辨析主要在单项选择和词语运用中考查。 高频考点:介词短语主要在完形填空和词语运用中考查。 考点精考点精讲讲考点考点 时间介词时间介词( ) 1. at, on和in (1) at常用在具体的时刻之前或某些固定短语中。at five oclock, at night, at noon, at present。 (2) on常用在具体的某一天及特指某天的上午、下午、晚上前。on Sunday, on the morning of August 8th, on a cold night。 (3)
3、 in 常用在年、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、晚上和一段时间之前。in 2018, in September, in summer, in the morning/afternoon/evening, in two weeks。 还可表示“在?时间之后”, 常用于将来时。in three days, in a week 。 2. since, for和from (1) since意为“自从;自?以后”,后接过去的某一时间点,常与现在完成时连用。I have lived here since ten years ago. 我已经在这里住了十年了。 注意: since 可作连词,引导时间状语从句。
4、Great changes have taken place here since he left. 自从他离开以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。 (2) for 后跟一段时间,表示“(延续 )?之久”。 Mr. Smith has lived in Guangzhou for two years. 史密斯先生已经在广州住两年了。 (3) from表示时间的开始,“从”。from.to.“从?到?”。 I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我从周一到周五上学。 3其他时间介词 (1) during时间段,表示“在?期间”, 与延续性动词连用。 He lives
5、with us during these years. 这些年他和我们住在一起。 (2) by 时间点,表示“在?之前;不迟于?”, 后跟将来的时间点,应用一般将来时;后跟过去的时间点应用过去完成时。 We will learn 1000 English words by the end of this term. 到这学期期末我们将学习一千个英语单词。 (3) before “在?之前”, 后常接时间点。Ill go to Australia before Sunday. 我将于周日前去澳大利亚。 (4) after“在?以后”。接时间段时,常用过去时;接时间点时,常用将来时。 They f
6、inished the work after two months. 他们两个月后完成了这个工作。 Ill call you after two oclock. 我将在 2点后给你打电话。 (5) till/until “到?为止;直至”, 后跟连续一段时间的终点。not.until.“直到?才?”, 引导时间状语从句,谓语动词用短暂性动词。 We had better stay here till/until next week. 我们最好在这里待到下周。 I didnt go to bed until twelve last night. 昨晚直到12点我才睡觉。 1. When did
7、Mr. Green arrive in London? C He arrived there _the evening of December 6th. A. at C. on A. for C. in B. in D. to B. at D. after C2. They will have a maths test _two days. 考点考点 方位介词方位介词( ) 1. above, over, on和below, under【 详见第 1部分教材梳理九(全 )Units 11 12 P91】 2. in, on和to (1) in, on, to 均可表示方位,但三者又有区别:in
8、表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围), on表示与某地是毗邻关系,to表示在某一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China and Japan lies to the east of China. 上海位于中国东部,日本位于中国东边。 Henan Province is on the south of Hebei Province. 河南南邻河北。 注意:to还可表示“ 到;往(地点或方向)”。 He was on the way to the station.他在去车站的路上。 2. in front of, in the f
9、ront of 和in front【详见第1部分教材梳理七(下 )Units 5 8 P25 】 3. by, beside和near (1) by “在?旁边”, 较near 更近。My house is by the river. 我的家在河边。 (2) beside“近旁;紧靠”, 相当于 next to。 Come and sit beside me. 来坐在我的身旁。 (3) near“在?附近”, 可表示空间、时间关系等。She sits near the window. 她坐在窗户附近。 4. across, over 和through【详见第 1部分教材梳理七(下 )Units
10、 5 8 P25 】 5. between 与among【详见第 1部分教材梳理七(下 )Units 1 4 P17】 6 behind 表方位“在?后面;在?的背面”。Who is the girl standing behind Jane?站在简身后的女孩是谁? 注意: behind 还可表示“ 支持;赞成” 。 She knew that, whatever she decided to do, her family were right behind her. 她知道,无论她决定做什么,她的家人肯定会支持她的。 3. (2017河南 )The father brought his li
11、ttle boy to a concert. But he was too young to sit _the whole concert. DA. for C. during B. with D. through 4. (2016河南 )Its so cold outside. Remember to close the door _you Dwhen you leave. A. beside C. with B. before D. behind 考点考点 方式介词方式介词( ) 方式介词有by, in, with, without。 by常指乘坐某种交通工具或用某种方式或手段做某事,其后
12、常接动名词短语,构成by doing sth.; in常表示使用某种语言或材料等;with 表示使用某种具体的工具;without 表示“不用”。 (1) He makes a living by teaching. 他靠教书为生。 (2) He made the speech in English. 他用英语做了一个演讲。 (3) Please dont write with a pencil. 请不要用铅笔写。 (4) I couldnt finish the work without your help. 没有你的帮助我完成不了这项任务。 5. Jimmy was asked to ch
13、eck his answer_ Bdiscussing it with another student. A. in C. of B. by D. with 考点考点 其他常用介词其他常用介词( ) 1. for 的其他用法 表目的“为了”。Why not go for a walk? 为什么不去散步呢? 表原因“因为”。China is famous for the Great Wall。 中国因长城而出名。 表用途、对象。Drink milk is good for our health. 喝牛奶对我们的健康有好处。 表价格。 She sold her old bag for 10 yua
14、n . 她以十元的价格卖了旧包。 表赞成。Are you for the plan?你赞成这个计划吗? 2. against 表“倚着;靠着”。There is a piano against the wall in her room. 在她房间有一架钢琴靠着墙。 表“对抗;反对”。反义词组:be for “赞成”。Many people are against building a factory in town. 很多人反对在镇上建一座工厂。 3. with 表伴随“和?一起”。I live with my parents. 我和父母一起住。 表“穿;戴”。The girl with gl
15、asses is my sister. 这个戴眼镜的女孩是我姐姐。 4. as “作为;以?身份”,后接表职务、职业、身份的名词。She works as a Chinese teacher. 她是个语文老师。 5. like “像?一样”。He laughs happily, just like a baby. 他开心地笑着,像个婴儿一样。 6. without 表“没有”,作状语。I couldnt finish the task without your help. 没有你的帮助我完成不了任务。 7. about “关于;有关”。The film is about love. 这部电影是
16、关于爱情的。 表时间或数量“大约?;近于?”。 I got home at about 9 oclock yesterday. 昨天我大约九点到家的。 8 beyond “超出;除?之外”。The beautiful scenery there was beyond words. 那儿的美景无法用语言形容。 9. except, besides与but 【 详见第 1部分教材梳理九(全 )Units 9 10 P89 】 10. of 表所属关系“属于(某人 )的; 关于 (某人 )的”。The love of a mother for her child is always selfless
17、.母亲对孩子的爱总是无私的。 6 (2015 河南 )Wild animals are our friends. We shouldnt kill them D_food or clothing. A. in C. about B. with D. for 7. (2014 河南 )A conversation _a Cwise person is worth ten years study of books. A. for C. with B. like D. to 8. (2013河南 ) What did you get _ your birthday, Tony? D An iPad
18、3, from my aunt. A. to C. with B. at D. for 考点考点 常见的介词短语常见的介词短语( ) 1. 介词与名词的搭配 in: in a word 总而言之 in danger处于危险中 in time 及时 in fact 事实上 in trouble 处于困难之中 in the end 最后 in a hurry 匆忙地 in this way 用这种方法 in surprise 惊奇地 on: on time准时;按时 on foot 步行 on duty 值日 on business 出差 on show/display在展览 on ones wa
19、y to 在某人去?的路上 at: at the same time 同时 at a low price 低价 at first 首先 其他: by the way 顺便说一下 with /without ones help在某人的帮助下 /没有某人的帮助 to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是 thanks to 对亏 2. 介词与形容词的搭配 be good at 擅长 be good/bad for对 有益 /害 be late for ?迟到 be ready for为?做好准备 be different from 与?不同 be angry with 生?的气 be bus
20、y with忙于 be afraid of 害怕 be full of 充满 be proud of 为?感到骄傲 be interested in 对?感兴趣 be worried about 对?担心 be kind /nice/ friendly to对?好 be pleased/satisfied with对 感到满意 be sorry for 为 遗憾 be strict with/in对要求严格 be mad at 生?的气 3. 介词与动词的搭配 介词 at 搭配 look at 看 knock at 敲 laugh at 嘲笑 point at指着 shout at对?叫嚷 l
21、isten to听 get to 到达 look forward to 期待 shout to 对?大喊 belong to 属于 pay attention to 注意 agree with同意 deal/do with处理,对付 play with与?玩耍 to with 介词 for 搭配 look for 寻找 ask for 请求 pay for 为?付款 wait for等待 send for 派人去请 leave for 前往 hear of 听说 die of 死于 dream of 梦想 think of 思考;考虑 come from来自 hear from收到?的来信 l
22、earn fromof from 向?学习 stop /keep/prevent.from doing sth. 阻止?做某事 介词 about 搭配 think about 考虑 talk about 谈论 worry about 担心 care about 关心;在意 get on上车 depend on依靠;取决于 call on 号召 turn on 打开 pass on 传递 look like 看起来像 get off 下车 look after 照顾 arrive on 其他 in 到达 fall behind 落后 knock into撞上 regard.as.把?看作? be
23、lieve in 信任 look around向四周看 9. The man tried several times to start the car, and he succeeded_. BA. in the past C. at first B. in the end D. at once 10. Did you go to the exhibition on May 18th? Of course. There were many kinds of Taiwan fruits _. AA. on show C. on business B. on duty D. on purpose 谢谢观看谢谢观看ExitExit