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1、副词性从句状语从句步步高培训学校一一.基本概念基本概念1.什么是状语？由哪些词来做状语？什么是状语？由哪些词来做状语？ 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等担当。例句： Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day
2、. (不定式)Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)2.什么是状语从句？什么是状语从句？ 在句子中起状语作用的句子就是状语从句，用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。二二.状语从句的种类状语从句的种类Adverbial Clauses of Time Adverbial Clauses of Time （时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Reason (Adverbial Clauses of Reason (原因状语从句）原因状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Co
3、nditions (Adverbial Clauses of Conditions (条件状语从句）条件状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Place (Adverbial Clauses of Place (地点状语从句）地点状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (Adverbial Clauses of Purpose (目的状语从句目的状语从句) )Adverbial Clauses of Result (Adverbial Clauses of Result (结果状语从句结果状语从句) )Adverbial Clauses of Comp
4、arisonAdverbial Clauses of Comparison（比较状语从句）（比较状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Concession (Adverbial Clauses of Concession (让步状语从句）让步状语从句）Adverbial Clauses of Manner (Adverbial Clauses of Manner (方式状语从句方式状语从句) )1.时间状语从句： 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：the minut
5、e, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when例句：I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment th
6、ey saw the guard.2.原因状语从句： 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.例句：My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height
7、of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.3.条件状语从句：常用引导词：if, unless,特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that例句：Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed as/so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposi
8、tion, we shall hold the meeting here.4.地点状语从句： 常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere例句：Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.5.目的状语从句： 常用引导词：so that, in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the
9、purpose that, to the end that例句：The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.6.结果状语从句： 常用引导词：so that, such that,特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent tha
10、t, to such a degree that例句：He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.7.比较状语从句：常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as B例句：She is as bad-tempered as her moth
11、er.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。8.让步状语从句：常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever例句：
12、 Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.9.方式状语从句: 常用引导词：as, as if, how特殊引导词：the way例句:When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She b
13、ehaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.三三.状语从句中的考点和难点状语从句中的考点和难点1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别2.状语从句的时态问题3.状语从句的省略问题4.状语从句的倒装问题5.状语从句的虚拟语气问题6.状语从句与其他从句的区分区别1.几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别几类状语从句中引导词的基本用法和区别： 1）时间状语从句中when ，while，as的区别：见下页表格！whenwhileas动作动作先后先后同时发
14、生或同时发生或先发生先发生同时发生同时发生同时发生同时发生时间时间内涵内涵时间点或时间点或时间段时间段时间段时间段时间段时间段时态时态规定规定从句用一般从句用一般现在时表示现在时表示将来时间将来时间从句用进从句用进行时态行时态从句与主句时态从句与主句时态一致一致动词延续动词延续性性持续动词或持续动词或短暂动词短暂动词持续动词持续动词持续动词持续动词Eg: 1). When he comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. (when = at that time)2）While he was walking in the street, he met Tim =Whe
15、n he was walking in the street, he met him.3)As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. (as: 一边一边.一边一边, 随随着着）4)I like tea while she likes coffee. (这里的这里的while是等立连词不是从属连词，表示是等立连词不是从属连词，表示“然而，却然而，却”)2）.时间状语从句的中的till、until和和notuntil：肯定句肯定句: 主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主从句都为肯定式主从句都为肯定式,意
16、为意为 “某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止某一动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 ”。Eg: You may stay here until / till the rain stops. He remained there until / till she arrived.否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词, 从句为肯定式，从句为肯定式，意为意为 “某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。Eg: He will not go to bed until (till) his mother comes. Until she told me, I had
17、no idea of what they had said.注意注意: till 不可置于句首不可置于句首。3）.时间状语从句中before 和和 since 的用的用法：法：1)BeforeBefore he returned, his mother had prepared food for him. (在在之前之前) 2)The fire lasted four hours before the firefighters could control it.(才才)3)Before I could speak to him, he had left hurriedly.(没来得及没来得及)
18、4)Write down the telephone number before you forget it.(趁趁; 以免以免)5)I hadnt waited long before he came back. (就就)6) Get out before I call the police. (否则否则; 要不然要不然) 8) It is/was/will be + some time + before-clause (多久以后才多久以后才)Eg: It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be long before we me
19、et again.since =(from the time that)9）主句现在完成时主句现在完成时+since + clause（一般过去时）：（一般过去时）：Eg: 1). I have known him ever since he was a boy. 2). I have worked here since I graduated from the university. 3). It is (has been) two years since he came here.4）.时间状语从句中 By the time的用法：的用法：这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止这个词组常用来指到
20、某一时间点为止,主句常用完成时态。主句常用完成时态。Eg: By the time he arrived, the train had already gone. By the time he comes, we will already have left.例外：例外： By the time he went abroad， he was fourteen.(主句主句是系表形式或像是系表形式或像know等表示等表示”认知认知”的持续动词的持续动词, 则往则往往用一般时态。往用一般时态。)5）.原因状语从句中的原因状语从句中的because，since，as的区别。三者均表示的区别。三者均表示
21、“因为，由于因为，由于”的的意思。它们区别是：意思。它们区别是：because语气最强，用于回答why引导的有较强逻辑性的因果关系问题，它常常与only，just以及否定词not连用。Because引导的从句通常置于主句之后，只有在强调的时候在置于主句之前。例句：1）Tom should attend school because he has reached 7. 2) Just because they wanted to earn more money, they made a lot of low-quality products.since和as语气都比较弱，多用在口语中，所表示的原
22、因比较明显，或者是大家都已知的事实。因此，它们的前面不可用just，only等强调词和否定词not。它们引导的从句多置于句首。例句：1)As you already know the truth, I need not explain the whole thing to you.2)Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting, shall we?注意：for也是一个表示原因的连词，与because，since，as不同的是，它是个等立连词，放在句中连接两个并列的句子。For比较文气，长用于笔语。例句：The days are getting
23、warmer and warmer, for spring is coming.because, since, as ,for1.I danced in front of the people because I liked it. 2. As/Since he was not well, I decided to go without him. 3.As/Since everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more. 4. I had to talk to him, for I had no second choice.6）.目的状语
24、从句中的目的状语从句中的so that和和in order that:（为了。以便。）（为了。以便。）它们引导的状语从句中需要情态动词, in order that 比 so that正式, 引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而 so that 引导的从句一般置于主句之后。Eg: 1). They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time. 2). In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.注意目的
25、状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互注意目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的互换换Eg: They set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time.= They set out early in order to ( so as to) arrive there in time7）.结果状语从句中的sothat和和suchthat：Such + adj.+PL/ +that-clauseSuch + a / an + adj. + n + that-clauseSuch + a lot of / lots of
26、+ PL + that-clauseso +adj./adv. +that-clauseso + adj.+a/an + n + that-clauseso + many/few + 复数名词 +that-clauseSo + much/little+不可数名词 + that-clauseEg: 1. It is so good a story that Ill never forget it. = It is such a good story that Ill never forget it.8）.让步状语从句although和though的用法：Although 与与 though 意思
27、相同意思相同,表示表示“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”的意思，一般可互换的意思，一般可互换,都可以与都可以与 yet, still 或或 nevertheless连用连用, 但不能和但不能和 but 连用。连用。例句：Eg: 1). Although (Though) he is old ,he works hard. = He is old, but he works hard.另外：另外：though 还可以用作副词，意为还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然可是，然而而”，置于句尾。例句：，置于句尾。例句：He said he would come; he didnt, though.(可是可是)2.状
28、语从句的时态问题：状语从句的时态问题：1）“主将从现”原则：一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例句：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.解说：这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主将从现原则。 As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(解说：从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished
29、。) If you work harder, you will pass the exam next time.(主将从现)=Work hard, and you will pass the exam. Ill return the book as soon as I have finished reading it. Hell have four years at university after he leaves school2）since与完成时： since 引导时间状语从句时，其主句通常要用现在完成时，有时也用现在完成进行时。从句用一般过去时。例句：He has grown an
30、inch since I saw him. 我上次见到他以后他已长高了一英寸。更多例句参看注：当主句为“It + be + 一段时间”时，则通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如：Its more than three years now since I saw her last. 我们已有三年多没见面了。 3）特定句式的时态： 由 no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcelywhen引出的时间状语从句，其主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。另外：通常会把no sooner和和hardly/scarcely提到句首时提到句首时,这个时候应用这个时候应用部分倒装语序
31、。（该知识点在倒装结构中部分倒装语序。（该知识点在倒装结构中有讲到，请参看！）有讲到，请参看！）例句：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚到她就抱怨起来。No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang. 他刚睡着电话铃就响了。We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就下起一阵雷暴。No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started
32、to have terrible doubts. 她刚同意嫁给他她就开始产生可怕的疑虑。3.状语从句的倒装问题：状语从句的倒装问题： 请参看PPT倒装结构的讲解。4.状语从句中的虚拟语气问题：状语从句中的虚拟语气问题： 请参看PPT虚拟语气的讲解。5.状语从句的省略问题状语从句的省略问题: 请参看PPT省略的讲解。6.状语从句与其它从句的区分区别。状语从句与其它从句的区分区别。四四.高考真题和对比训练高考真题和对比训练1. (01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her
33、_ _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenly D. once2. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time答案：答案：1.B 2.C3. (03北京春北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he bec
34、ame one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when4. (03上海上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案答案3.C 4.D5.(04福建福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible
35、 to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 6. (05北京春北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 答案：答案：5.C 6.B7. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏）江苏） A. While B. Since C. B
36、efore D. Unless8. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷）湖南卷） A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though 答案：7.A 8.B解析：while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。9. Th
37、e house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全国全国IV） A has done B is doingC does D had done 10.It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季）北京春季）A. before B. since C. after D. when 答案：9.C 10.B11. So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I
38、determined to learn English. (01 上海上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel12.Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize答案：
39、答案：11 D 12A解析：状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。13. Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man. A. yet B. but C. and D. or14. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. (NMET02) A. so B. andC. but D. yet答案：13A 14C解析：题13是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题14为并列句，而“Excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。
