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1、英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前, ,谓语在后（主语谓语在后（主语+ +谓谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+ +主语）主语）, ,就叫就叫倒装结构倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, , 叫叫; ; 如果只如果只把助动词或把助动词或be be 动词放在主语之前就叫动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。部分倒装。基本语序基本语序（natural ordernatural order）：）：主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +宾语宾语（subject + predicate+ object）I love English.谓语谓
2、语+ +主语主语完全倒装完全倒装 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ + 主语主语 + + 动词动词部分倒装部分倒装 (partial inversion)Nerve will I forgive you.一、完全倒装一、完全倒装1. There be1. There be结构。另外结构。另外, ,在此结构中可以用在此结构中可以用来代替来代替bebe动词的动词有动词的动词有:exist, seem, :exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, standhappen, a
3、ppear, live, rise, stand等。等。Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.例题:_abeautifulpalace_thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at2 2 ，(1).(1).在以在以herehere、therethere、nownow、thenthen等副等副词开头的句子里。词开头的句子里。 句式：副词句式：副词vivi名词主语名词主语 “He
4、re,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语结构。 Herecomestheoldlady!Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Nowcomesyourturn.如果主语是人称代词如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装，不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.(2). (2). 表示方向的副词表示方向的副词out, in, up, downout, in, up, down等等置于句首置于句首, ,要用全部倒装。要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称如果主语是人称代词代
5、词, ,就不用倒装。就不用倒装。如如: :IncameMr.White.Upwentthearrowintotheair. Away went the boy.题题：There_.Andhere_. A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;isshe C.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe注意：注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。则主、谓不需要倒装。Inhecameandbackhewentagain.3.3.当表示地点的介词词组当表
6、示地点的介词词组( (如如on the wall, on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the roomin the middle of the room等等) )在句首时。在句首时。 句式：介词短语句式：介词短语vivi主语（必须是名词）主语（必须是名词） 如：Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewasl
7、yingawoundedsoldier.4.4.分词分词( (代词代词) + be + ) + be + 主语主语 结构。结构。Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.题题：_,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein_arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.Gone B.G
8、oC.TogoD.Going5 5，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强，某些表语位于句首，保持句子平衡，以强调表语调表语. . 句式：表语系动词主语（必须是句式：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）名词） 1)1)表语为介词短语表语为介词短语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.2)2)表语为形容词表语为形容词Present at the meeting were Mr White and many other guests.4)4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词表语为进行时态中的现在分词 Lying on the
9、floor was a boy.Standing beside the desk was a teacher.3)3)表语为过去分词表语为过去分词Seated on the ground are a group of young people.二、部分倒装二、部分倒装 部分倒装是把部分倒装是把bebe动词、情态动词、助动动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词, ,要在主语之前加助动词要在主语之前加助动词do / does / diddo / does / did等等, ,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在
10、主语之后。 1. 1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）（立即）, by no means（决不）（决不） ，not only, in no way（决不）（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等等, 句式：句式： “ “否定词否定词/ /词组助动词词组助动词
11、/ /情态动词情态动词/be/be动词主语动词主语其他其他”。 Not until+Not until+从句从句/ /时间状语时间状语+ +主句（部分倒装）。主句（部分倒装）。 No sooner had sb done than No sooner had sb done than；Hardly/scarcely had Hardly/scarcely had sb done when sb done when 刚刚刚刚就就 Not only+ Not only+分句（部分倒装）分句（部分倒装）but also+but also+分句（不倒装）分句（不倒装） 注意：注意：not onlyno
12、t only置于句首置于句首but(also)but(also)部分不倒装，部分不倒装， 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrivedC. had I reachedD. I had got to2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seenC. never have I seen
13、 D. I have seen3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do2. Only + 2. Only + 状语（副词状语（副词/ / 介词短语介词短语/ / 状语从句）状语从句），位于句首，位于句首 , ,要部分倒装。要部分倒装。 Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词副词) Only when the wa
14、r was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句从句)注意：注意： 在在onlyonly状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装，状语从句主句结构中，主句倒装， 但从句用正常语序。但从句用正常语序。 only only修饰主语，不倒装。修饰主语，不倒装。 3. so3. so或或soso引导的短语放在句首引导的短语放在句首, ,前半部分倒装。前半部分倒装。Isawthefilm,sodidshe.So loudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.1)Thedoc
15、tortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand_.A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso2)Soloudly_that_hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4. Not only + 4. Not only + 分句分句,but also + ,but also + 分句分句 句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。
16、型中的前一分句要部分倒装。但但not only.but also.连接主语时连接主语时,不倒装。不倒装。如如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.如：_himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5 5、as/ though (as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句。句式：名词句式：名词 形容词形容词 副词副词 动词动词 分词分词+asthough+a
17、sthough+主语主语+ +其他其他如如:Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Although I am ugly, I am gentle.Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Ugly as I am, I am gentle. Though he is a child, he has to make a living.Though he is a child, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to make a living.Child as he is, he has to ma
18、ke a living.注意注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何不加任何冠词冠词6.6.用于用于So/neither (nor) + be ( have, So/neither (nor) + be ( have, 助动词或情助动词或情态动词态动词) + ) + 主语主语+ +其他的句子其他的句子表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so so it is with/It is the same withit is with/It
19、 is the same withHe has been to Beijing. So have I. Tom cant answer the question. Neither /Nor can I . So +be/So +be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语某人也是如此某人也是如此Nor/neither +be/Nor/neither +be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词+ +主语主语某人也不是如此某人也不是如此So +So +主语主语+be/+be/助动词助动词/ /情态动词情态动词某人确实如此某人确实如此如：如：I have never been to I h
20、ave never been to Guangzhou University, Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he.neither/ nor has he. 我从来没有去过广州大学，我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是他也是7.7.在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, were, had, shouldhad, should等词，可将等词，可将if if 省略，把省略，把 were, had, were, had, should should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。 （1）If I
21、 were you, I would work hard.Were I you, I would work hard. （2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.Should it rain tomorrow, we would putoff our meeting注意：注意：我们可以说我们可以说Were it not.或者或者Had it not been., 但但不不可以说可以说Weren t it. 或者或者hadnt it been.8.8.句首是表频率的副词及短语（句首是表频率的副词及短语（often,
22、well, often, well, many a time, now and again, once a many a time, now and again, once a week, now and then, every other dayweek, now and then, every other day 等等) ) 开头的句子中开头的句子中, ,要用部分倒装结构。要用部分倒装结构。如如: : Many a time has John given me good advice. Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have
23、 we made that test.Often have we made that test.题题：Manyatime_swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy9,9,在某些表示祝愿的句型中在某些表示祝愿的句型中如：如：May you all be happy. May you all be happy. Long live China! Long live China!巧记倒装句巧记倒装句在在带带有有倒倒装装句句的的复复合合句句（或或并并列列句句）中中，到到底底应应在在何何处处倒倒装装，下下面面的的顺顺
24、口口溜溜可可以以帮帮助助你你较较容容易易地地掌握其结构形式。掌握其结构形式。 NBNB前前倒倒后后不不， O O，NUNU主倒从不倒主倒从不倒， 2N2N前前倒倒后后也也倒倒， NM NM前后均不倒前后均不倒。NBNB代表代表Not onlyNot only，but alsobut also引导的并列句。引导的并列句。 not only not only位于句位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前前倒后不倒倒后不倒”。如：如：1）Not only did he come，but also he was very
25、 happy 2）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him ，but also his German citizenship（was taken away）OO代表代表onlyonly状语从句；状语从句；NUNU代表代表Not Not untiluntil状语从句。此两种结构位于句首状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主主倒从不倒倒从不倒”。如：如：1 1）Only when he told me did I know Only when he told me did I
26、 know itit 2 2）Not until I began to work did I Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wastedrealize how much time I had wastedNo soonerthanNo soonerthan，HardlyHardlyScarcelywhenScarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法等句型也属此类用法。如：如：No soonerNo sooner（HardlyHardly） had we reached had we reached home
27、 thanhome than（whenwhen）it began to rainit began to rain2N2N代表代表NeithernorNeithernor所引导的并所引导的并列句。列句。2N2N若位于两分句之首，则前后若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒前倒后也倒”。如：如：Neither do I know her name，nor does he.NMNM即即No matterNo matter引导的状语从句。此引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前前后均不倒后均不倒”。如：如：No matter how busy he is，he always comes to help usBye-bye !
