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1、壶腹部肿瘤手术治疗进展概念:壶腹部:十二指肠乳头,Vater壶腹、胆总管第4段(十二指肠壁内段)、胰管终末段及其周围的括约肌。壶腹部肿瘤是指胆总管第4段、 Vater壶腹(胆总管末端斜行进入十二指肠后壁内与主胰管形成的共同通道)及十二指肠乳头的肿瘤。概述(Introduction)(10%10%)1-2;2.与遗传性息肉病综合征关系密切,如FAP;3.确诊壶腹癌年龄一般在60-70岁;4.一些证据表明:生物学行为更接近于肠道而非胰胆管肿瘤。1ParkSH,KimYI,ParkYH,KimSW,KimKW,KimYT,KimWH.Clinicopathologiccorrelationofp53
2、proteinoverexpressioninadenomaandcarcinomaoftheampullaofVater.WorldJSurg.2000Jan;24(1):54-9.2ParkSW,SongSY,ChungJB,LeeSK,MoonYM,KangJK,ParkIS.EndoscopicsnareresectionfortumorsoftheampullaofVater.YonseiMedJ.2000Apr;41(2):213-8壶腹癌治疗(壶腹癌治疗(TreatmentTreatment):u局部切除u胰十二指肠根治切除(PD)及改良(保留幽门)(PPPD)u微创非手术疗法(
3、Minimally-invasivenonsurgicaltherapies)局部切除(局部切除(Local resectionLocal resection)自1899年Halsted开展,未广泛接受(患者生存6个月,复发率高,疗效差)发病年龄较大,并存疾病多目前此种方法的文献报道较少,之间对比缺少标准(eg, ampullectomyversuslocalresection)解剖学依据1:*十二指肠内段胆总管长*进入十二指肠前1-2cm紧贴肠壁*46.7%胆胰管汇合形成Vater壶腹2*50%胆胰管并行1、GasslerN1,KnchelR.TumorsofVatersampullaPat
4、hologe.2、FunabikiT1,MatsubaraT,MiyakawaS,IshiharaS.Pancreaticobiliarymaljunctionandcarcinogenesistobiliaryandpancreaticmalignancy.08-0336-0.Epub2008May24.理论依据理论依据解剖学依据病理依据1-2:*壶腹癌以腺癌多见,分化程度高,*恶性程度低1、BegerHG1,TreitschkeF,GansaugeF,HaradaN,HikiN,MattfeldtT. TumoroftheampullaofVater:experiencewithlocal
5、orradicalresectionin171consecutivelytreatedpatients.ArchSurg.1999May;134(5):526-322、GasslerN1,KnchelR.TumorsofVatersampullaPathologe.理论依据理论依据解剖学依据病理依据肿瘤生物学依据1:*生长缓慢、转移较晚*常沿十二指肠或胆总管粘膜*少侵及肠壁外1、BegerHG1,TreitschkeF,GansaugeF,HaradaN,HikiN,MattfeldtT. TumoroftheampullaofVater:experiencewithlocalorradica
6、lresectionin171consecutivelytreatedpatients.ArchSurg.1999May;134(5):526-32理论依据理论依据解剖学依据病理依据肿瘤生物学依据其他1:Whipple可以清扫淋巴结,但不能减少血行转移1、TopalB,FieuwsS,AertsR,WeertsJ,FerynT,RoeyenG,BertrandC,HubertC,JanssensM。Pancreaticojejunostomyversuspancreaticogastro-stomyreconstructionafterpancreaticoduodenectomyforpan
7、creaticorperiampullarytumours:amulticentrerandomisedtrial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 Jun;14(7):655-62.理论依据理论依据手术范围文献报道不尽相同包括:不涉及胆胰管末端的单纯十二指肠黏膜切除广泛的乳头区域切除:乳头、壶腹胆胰管末端和相应的十二指肠后壁,以及胆胰管末端再植技术难度大 精细操作 切缘快速冰冻优缺点优缺点并发症少恢复快手术时间短术后生活质量高手术死亡率低高复发率低生存率适用范围:适用范围:高风险病人早期高分化、不穿透肌层(Tis,T1期)超声内镜下直径6mm(国内文献报道直径2.0/2.5cm)【Up
8、ToDate】:Wesuggestlocalampullaryexcisionratherthanpancreaticoduodenectomyforpatientswithnoninvasiveampullarytumors(pTis)(Grade2B).展望展望1.术前病理诊断假阴性率较高术前病理诊断假阴性率较高2.肿瘤的组织类型区分肿瘤的组织类型区分3.术前淋巴结情况难判定术前淋巴结情况难判定总之,尚有待临床大规模总之,尚有待临床大规模RCT研究研究PD/PPPDPD/PPPDPD(Whippleoperation)被认为是治疗壶腹癌的标准方法PPPD( pylorus-preservi
9、ngpancreaticoduodenectomy)(保留幽门)尽管有报道1PPPD手术时间短,术中出血少,然而,二者对术后长期生存无明显差异,亦有报道PPPD更易产生胃排空延迟。1DienerMK,KnaebelHP,HeukauferC,AntesG,BchlerMW,SeilerCM.Asystematicreviewandmeta-analysisofpylorus-preservingversusclassicalpancreaticoduodenectomyforsurgicaltreatmentofperiampullaryandpancreaticcarcinoma.AnnSu
10、rg.2007Feb;245(2):187-200.优优缺缺点点1-3根治性切除率可达到80-90%长期生存率高,即便是对于淋巴结转移或T3期病人围手术期死亡率较高(最近文献表明,对经验丰富大夫可控制在0-5%)围手术期并发症发生率高20-40%(肺炎、腹腔内感染、吻合口瘘、胃排空延迟等)手术创伤大与术者水平和术后护理关系密切推荐级别推荐级别【UpToDate】Werecommendpancreaticoduodenectomyratherthanlocalresectionformostpatientswithinvasiveampullarycarcinomas(Grade 1B)文献回顾
11、:文献回顾:RogginKK等 Limitations of ampullectomy in the treatment of nonfamilial ampullary neoplasms.AnnSurgOncol.2005MemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenter(纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心美)99例例浸润性壶腹癌患者,其中8例例行AMP(ampullectomy),91例例行PD(pancreaticoduodenectomy)幸存者中位随访期18个月比较:复发率复发率和生存率生存率术前病理准确性术前病理准确性结论结论微创非手术疗法微创非手术疗法包括:内镜下圈套
12、切除术(Endoscopicsnareresection)射频消融(Laserablation)光动力疗法(photodynamictherapy,PDT)姑息性治疗姑息性治疗仅适用于不适合手术或拒绝手术者仅适用于不适合手术或拒绝手术者PROGNOSISStageI84percentStageII70percentStageIII27percentStageIV0percent(oneretrospectivesingle-institutionseries)theNationalCancerInstituteSEERdatabasebetween1988and2003Five-yearsur
13、vivalratesfollowingPDrangefrom64to80percentforpatientswithnode-negativedisease,andfrom17to50percentfornode-positivedisease资料来源资料来源http:/ UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITALPEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITALPEKING UNION MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL参考文献1AllemaJH,ReindersME,vanGulikTM,vanLeeuwenDJ,VerbeekPC,
14、deWitLT,GoumaDJ.Resultsofancreaticoduodenectomyforampullarycarcinomaandanalysisofrognosticfactorsforsurvival.Surgery.1995Mar;117(3):247-53.2BettschartV,RahmanMQ,EngelkenFJ,MadhavanKK,ParksRW,GardenOJ.Presentation,treatmentandoutcomeinpatientswithampullarytumours.BrJSurg.2004Dec;91(12):1600-7.Overall, preoperative biopsy idenitfied 76 % (72 of 95) of the patients with malignant lesions 病因特异性生存率