一、一、it 作人称代词的用法作人称代词的用法•1. 指事物指事物•作为人称代词，作为人称代词，it 可以可以除人以外除人以外的一切事的一切事物或动物如：物或动物如：•I dropped my watch and it broke. 我我把手表掉在地上摔坏了把手表掉在地上摔坏了•It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干辛苦，可是我乐意干•“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪狗在哪?”“在卧室里在卧室里” •2. 指人指人•it 指人主要用于指指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿不性别不明的婴儿或用或用于确认某人的身份如于确认某人的身份如：•Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩是男孩还是女孩?•There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员有人在敲门，一定是邮递员•【【说明说明】】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me •3. 代替某些代词代替某些代词•代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。
如等如：•“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么这是什么?”“是一种新机器是一种新机器”•Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，没出什么问题，是吗是吗? 二、二、it 作非人称代词的用法作非人称代词的用法1. 基本用法基本用法it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象 1. It is Friday today.2. It was very cold last Monday. 3. It is about 8:30 now.4. It is about 25km from Linquan to Fuyang.5. It lies in the south of Anhui.6. It is 40°C ! You got a high fever!dateweathertimedistanceplacetemperature 2.2. 用于某些句型用于某些句型•It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
•It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了•It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了•It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)•It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事从句谓语用现在完成时)•It’s + 时间段 + since. 自从……有一段时间了•It’s + 时间段 + before. 过多长的时间才… it’s=it was•It‘s + 时间段 + that. …多久了•It's + 时间段 + when ...是在某个时刻 It is time for breakfast.It is time to have breakfast.It is time for us to have breakfast.It is the first time I’ve been here.It is two weeks since I saw him It's ten years before I graduated. It's ten years that I've lived here for It was ten years ago when I graduated 三、三、it用作形式主语用作形式主语1.1. 基本用法基本用法•当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。
如：•It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要•It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事•It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道 2.2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型用作形式主语的的重要句型(1) it 作形式主语替代不定式作形式主语替代不定式 构成”It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth“ 某人做某某人做某事事…… It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心 It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了Tip】】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说” 2) It is V-ed + that ① It is said (reported, learned) + that…It is said that he has come to Beijing.② It is suggested ( ordered, demanded, insisted, commanded) + that … 从句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时， that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + V原形). Should可以省略。
译为“据建议；有命令…”It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 3) It is a pity (a shame) that… That 后的从句一般用虚拟语气 (should+V原形原形), should 可以省略. 表示出乎意料，译为 ”竟然“没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. •(4) It takes sb. + 时间段时间段 + to do sth. 某人某人做某事花了做某事花了……时间时间•It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言Tip】】此句型可以有以下多变种变体： It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. (5) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事该由某人做某事•It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。
6) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎似乎……•It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来•It happened that I was out when he called. 他打时我碰巧不在家7) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为若不是因为……•If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的 四、四、it用作形式宾语用作形式宾语1. 基本用法基本用法•当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末•其基本结构为“动词动词+it++it+宾语补足语宾语补足语+ +不定式不定式( (动动名词或从句名词或从句) )”如：•I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。
•I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿•We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的 2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1) 动词动词+ it + that-从句如：•I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴•I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的•You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的•Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职说明说明】】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等 •(2) 动词动词 + it + when (if)-从句如：如：•I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨•We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
•I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了说明说明】】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等 (3) 动词动词 + prep + it + that-从句如：•See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到•Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事•You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的•I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等 •(4) 动词动词 + it + 介词短语介词短语+ that-从句。
从句如：•I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着•I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的说明说明】】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等 五、用于强调句型中五、用于强调句型中1) It + be+被强调部分被强调部分 + that/who (a person) 从句从句I met Tom in the park yesterday.1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park. 2) It is not until + 被强调的部分被强调的部分+ that… 该句型也是强调句型，主要用于强调时间状语，该句型也是强调句型，主要用于强调时间状语，译成译成“直到直到…才才…”，可以说是，可以说是not… until… 的强的强调形式。
调形式It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark classes did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 六、六、it 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配1. make it1) 在口语当中相当于在口语当中相当于succeed, 表示表示: 成功、做到、成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达说定、赶上、及时到达 如如: •It's hard to make it to the top in show business.2) 在口语中相当于在口语中相当于fix the date for, 表示表示“约定约定好时间好时间” 如如: —Shall we meet next week?—OK. We just make it next Saturday. 2. take it/things easy 相当于相当于Don’t worry. 用来劝告别人用来劝告别人, 表示表示“不要慌不要慌, 别担心别担心, ”•Take it easy！！He will do it well.3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中在口语中, 相当于相当于it hasn‘t been decided yet, 表示表示“那那得看情况得看情况, 还没有定下来还没有定下来”—Are you going to the countryside for holiday?—It/That all depends. 4. It's up to sb. 在口语中在口语中, 相当于相当于it's decided by sb. 表示表示“由由……决定决定, 由由……负责负责, 取决于取决于……” —Shall we go out for dinner？？ —It's up to you. It’s time后的从句用后的从句用 虚拟语气虚拟语气•一、基本用法一、基本用法•从句谓语通常用从句谓语通常用过去式过去式表示现在或将来，有时也表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或用过去进行时或“should+动词原形动词原形”(should不不能省略能省略)，其意为，其意为“(早早)该干某事了该干某事了”：：•I think It’s time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。
•It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了•I’m getting tired. It’s time we went home. 我累了，我们该回家了•I think it’s time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了•It’s time you looked ahead and made plans for your retirement. 是你为以后想一想并对退休后的生活做出安排的时候了 二、同义表达二、同义表达•该是孩子们上床的时间了•It’s time the kids were in bed. =It’s time for the kids to be in bed.•It is time that the children went to bed. = It is high time that the children should go to bed. 三、两点说明三、两点说明(1) time前有时有about和和high修饰：•It’s high time we left. 我们早该动身了。
•It’s high time you bought a new car. 你该买辆新车了•I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了•It’s high time they began to take you seriously. 现在他们应该开始认真对待你了2) 与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能不能在该用 was 时而用 were：•It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了不用were) 。