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1、成才之路成才之路 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版 必修必修4 (通用通用本本) Working the land Unit 2 1.1.1集合的概念Using Language 1.1.1集合的概念Section 课前新知预习课前新知预习 1课堂要点探究课堂要点探究 2课堂达标验收课堂达标验收 3课后强化作业课后强化作业 4课前新知预习课前新知预习.单词速记1_(n.)营养；滋养；食物2_(vt.)画底线标出；强调3_(n.)总结； 摘要；强调4_(n.)评论；议论(vi.&vt.)表达意见；作出评论5_(vt.)使迷惑；使为难confusing
2、(adj.)令人迷惑的confused(adj.)感到迷惑的confusion(n.)迷惑6 _(vt.)遗 憾 ； 惋 惜 (n.)遗 憾 ； 懊 悔regretful(adj.)后悔的7_(adj.)化学的；关于化学的chemistry(n.)化学nutritionunderlinesummarycommentconfuseregretchemical8_(n.)生产；制造produce(v.)生产9discover(vt.)发现_(n.)发现；发觉10_(vt.)减少；减缩reduction(n.)减少 productiondiscoveryreduce.短语互译1对造成损害_2洗掉 _
3、3逐渐增强；建立；开发 _4导致；造成(后果) _5turn to _6focus on _cause damage towash offbuild uplead to集中(注意力、精力等)于转向7keep. free from/of. _8prevent. from. _使免受(影响，伤害等)；使不含(有害物)阻止做.完成句子1在过去的50年里，在农业中使用化肥已很普及。Over the past half century, _has become very common in farming.(动词ing形式作主语)2他们专心于使土壤肥沃并且无病害。They focus on _.(kee
4、p宾语宾语补足语)3他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，从而变得更肥沃。They feel that this _.(make宾语宾语补足语)4为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走，使用有机耕作的农民们喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下年作物的天然肥料。Some organic farmers _，and thenleaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop.(prefer doing.喜 欢 做 ； prevent.from doing.阻止做)答案：1.using ch
5、emical fertilizers2.keeping their soil rich and free of disease 3.makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile4.prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil.课文理解Step 1Fast ReadingScan the passage and then choose the best answers ac
6、cording to the passage.1From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who _.Agrow crops with chemical fertilizersBgrow crops with natural fertilizersCproduce organic fertilizersDcare for the environment2From the fourth paragraph, we know that _.Aits not good to plant grass between cropsBpea
7、nuts use the surface of soilCpeas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatDvegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil3_ so that the soil may not get exhausted.AFarmers grow the same crops year after yearBFarmers use natural fertilizersCFarmers change crops every few
8、 yearsDFarmers use chemical fertilizers4How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A3B4 C5D6Step 2Carful Reading1Read the text and then answer the following questions.(1)What is organic farming?_ (2)What is the goal of using organic farming methods?_2Read the te
9、xt and find out the main idea of each paragraph.AProblems caused by chemical fertilizers.BFarmers and customers turn to organic farming.CLongterm use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and peoples health.DOther methods to keep the soil fertile.答案：Step 11.B2.B3.C4.BStep 21.(1)Farmin
10、g without using any chemicals.(2)To grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.2.CABD课堂要点探究课堂要点探究1.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.再次对此作出解释是很重要的，否则我们会让学生感到迷惑的。You must be confusing me with someone else.你一定是把我和其他什么人搞混了。
11、知识拓展(1)confuse A with B把A与B混淆(2)confused adj.(人)不知所措的；困惑的be confused about. 对感到困惑(3)confusing adj.(事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的(4)confusion n混乱；困惑Most students are_confused_about the confusing problem.很多学生对这个令人困惑的问题感到困惑。活学活用根据句意用confuse及其派生词的适当形式填空。She always _ John with his twin brother.她总是把约翰和他的孪生兄弟分不清楚。Someone
12、has _ all his papers on his desk, and he was annoyed with the _.有人把他桌上的文件弄乱了，他对这一片混乱感到恼怒。The situation is _ to all of us.形势使我们大家都感到迷惑了。They were _ about the present situation.他们对当前的形势感到困惑。答案：confusesconfused; confusionconfusingconfused2regret (1)vt.遗憾；惋惜A man without a long head would regret what he
13、 has done.无远见的人将后悔自己所做的事。I have regretted having left the work unfinished.这件工作我没有做完，感到有些遗憾。(2)n.遗憾；懊悔I declined with much regret your kind invitation.很遗憾，我不能接受您的盛情邀请。知识拓展(1)regret having done/doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to say/tell/inform. that遗憾地说(告知)regret that从句遗憾(2)to ones regret让某人感到遗憾的是with great/d
14、eep regret很遗憾We regret_to_inform you that we cannot help you.我们很遗憾地通知您，我们无法帮助您。活学活用完成句子。非常遗憾，我没有同他们一起去。_， I didnt go with them.我们婉拒了他们的帮助。We refused their help _.他后悔那么早就离开家里。He regretted _.答案：Much to my regretwith regretleaving home so early/that he had left home so early/having left home so early3f
15、ocus(1)n.焦点；中心点Im so tired that I cant focus_on anything today.今天我太累了，精神集中不起来。If you focus bright sunlight on dry wood with a glass, it will start burning.假如你用镜子将强烈的阳光聚焦于干燥的木头上，它便会燃烧起来。(2)vt.集中；聚焦She always wants to be the_focus_of_attention.她老想成为人们注意的中心。知识拓展(1)focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于focus ones attenti
16、on/ones thoughts/ones minds/ones eyes on.集中注意力/精力/思想于/眼睛注视着(2)bring/throw sth. into focus使集中在焦点上；使清楚起来；使明朗化；使突出come into focus(某物)轮廓明显，清晰；(问题)突出in focus焦距对准；清晰out of focus焦距没对准；模糊the focus of attention关注的焦点Please focus_your_minds_on the following problems.请集中精力思考下列问题。 活学活用翻译句子。The coffee shop is the
17、 focus of social life in French._完成句子。All our eyes _ the speaker.大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。_ those trees.把照相机的焦点集中在那些树上。答案：在法国，咖啡馆是社交生活的中心。were focused onFocus your camera on4reduce vt.减少；减缩A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.肥沃的土壤减少了病害并且有助于农作物的茁壮成长。Green is such a restful co
18、lor that it has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically.绿色是让人感到安静的颜色，它能够减轻疼痛，让人们在身体和精神上得到放松。She reduced her weight by five kilograms.她把体重减轻了5千克。 知识拓展(1)reduce sth. by.把减少了reduce sth. to.把某物降到reduce the speed降低速度(2)reduce.(from.) to sth.使(从)陷入某种状态或状况中reduce a person t
19、o terror(tears, silence)使某人恐惧/流泪/沉默(3)reduction n减少；缩小Anxiety about the fate of his family reduced him to a nervous wreck.对家人命运的担忧使他精神崩溃。 活学活用完成句子。The workforce has _.劳动力已经减少了一半。The price of that type of color TV has_1,000 yuan.那种型号的彩电的价格已经下降到了一千元。He _ nothing but a skeleton.他瘦成一把骨头了。答案：been reduced
20、 by halfbeen reduced towas reduced to5comment(1)n.评论；议论Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.与你的搭档交换课文概要，然后相互作出评论。(2)vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论He commented_that he thought it was time for us to go home.他发表意见说我们回家的时间到了。知识拓展(1)make comments on/about.对加以评论No comment！无可奉告！offer comments提意见
21、(2)comment on/upon sth.对发表评论comment that.评论说Sorry, no_comment！对不起，无可奉告！ 活学活用完成句子。She _my work.(comment n)她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。He _ what I said.(comment v)他对我的话未作评论。一句多译。许多国家对这次卫星发射失败(the failed satellite launch)发表评论。aMany countries _.(comment v)bMany countries _.(comment n)答案：made helpful comments ondid n
22、ot comment oncommented on/upon the failed satellite launch; made comments on/about the failed satellite launch6.build up(1)增加；积聚Traffic is building_up along the road to the coast.通往海边的道路上的车辆在不断增加。Taking exercise will build_up_your_strength.锻炼可以增强你的体力。(2)逐渐获得，建立He has built_up a good business/reputat
23、ion.他已经使他的生意兴隆起来/他已经获得了好的名声。Hes built_up the family firm into an multinational company.他把家族公司发展成为一家跨国大公司。(3)盖满了房屋The district has been built_up since I was last there.该区自从我上次去过以后已经盖满房屋。活学活用写出下句各句中build up的意义。Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building_up. ()He devoted himself to b
24、uilding_up the ruined country. ()In view of the present situation, we have to build_up our other industries.()答案：逐渐增多建立开发Practising Chinese kung fu can not only _ones strength, but also develop ones character.Abring up Btake upCbuild up Dpull up答案：C考查动词短语。bring up“抚养，培育”；take up“从事”；build up“增强”；pul
25、l up“停车”。句意：练习中国功夫不仅可以增强体质还可以磨炼意志。For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill_my own business someday.Aturn up Bfix upCset up Dmake up答案：C本题考查短语辨析。turn up“出现；调大”；fix up“修补；解决”；set up“建立；成立”；make up“编造；组成”。 Taking some exercise every day will _ your health.Amake up Btake upCset
26、up Dbuild up答案：Dmake up“弥补，化妆，编造，组成”；take up“拿起，占用”；set up“建立”；build up“逐渐增强，建立，开发”。句意为“每天进行体育锻炼会增强你的健康”。根据句意选D项。(2013浙江，17)Bears _ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.Apack up Bbuild up Cbring up Dtake up答案：B本题考查动词短语意义辨析。句意：狗熊在夏天和秋
27、天开始脂肪的储存以使他们有足够的能量来度过冬眠。pack up打包，包装；build up逐步建立；bring up教育，抚养；take up从事，开始。根据题干的意思可知正确答案为B。7lead to(1)导致，造成(后果)Many of these chemicals can lead_to cancer or other illnesses.这些化学物质中很多会引起癌症或其他疾病。His laziness led_to his failing in the last exam.他的懒惰令他期末考试不及格。(2)通往All roads lead_to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 名师点拨l
28、ead to用法小贴士lead to中的to是介词，后应该接名词或动名词作宾语。含义同result in/bring about，意为“导致”。知识拓展lead a. life过样的生活lead.to/into.把领到/领进lead the way引路；带路The secretary finally led_us_into the office of his boss.秘书终于领我们进了他老板的办公室。 活学活用完成句子。He _， and_ a village of Tibet. There we found the local people _.他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里
29、，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。答案：led the way; led us to; led/leading a happy life(2011山东高考)Look over theretheres a very long, winding path _ up to the house.Aleading BleadsCled Dto lead答案：A句意：看那儿有一条长长的弯曲的小径通往那座房子。lead to通往，用其非谓语形式作后置定语。His friends gave away some information， which led to_.Ahim to be arrested Bhe
30、was arrestedChis being arrested Dhim arrested答案：C句意为“他朋友泄露出一些信息，这导致他被逮捕”。lead to“导致”，to为介词，后接动名词，此处考查动名词复合结构的被动形式。8keep. free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free_from chemicals.这还有助于空气、土壤、水和农作物免受化学物质的污染。知识拓展keep sb./sth. from doingprevent/stop sb./sth. from
31、 doing阻止某人干某事/防止某事发生keep sth. from sb.不想将某事告诉某人；将某事瞒着某人I just managed to keep myself from falling down.我努力不让自己摔倒。She knew that he was keeping something from her.她知道他有事瞒着她。活学活用Youd better _.你们最好让这个地区免受空气污染。His illness _ his work.疾病阻止了他继续工作。We shouldnt _.我们不应该向她隐瞒任何事情。答案：keep this area free of air pol
32、lutionkept him from continuingkeep anything from her9.They fell that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.他们觉得这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，从而变得更肥沃。句式分析(1)此句为主从复合句。(2)句中“makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile”为make复合宾语。其中“richer in minerals and
33、so more fertile”为宾语补足语。 (3)make宾语宾语补足语(n./adj./do/done)。He tried hard to make_his_future_brighter.他尽力使未来更光明。The boss usually makes_his_workers_work extra hours.老板通常让工人加班。活学活用仿写句子。他们认为他们已把事情弄明白了。_他们觉得这让他们更加幸福快乐。_答案：They feel that they have made everything clear.They feel that this makes them happier
34、and more cheerful.10Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop.为了阻止风把土壤吹走或水把土壤冲走，使用有机耕作的农民们喜欢在作物之间种草并且把它留在地里成为下年作物的天然肥料。句式分析(1)此句为复杂的简单句。(2)句中谓
35、语为prefer，其后面跟并列宾语“planting grass.”及“leaving it.”。(3)“to prevent.”及“to become.”为目的状语。He prefers_walking along the river in the morning.他喜欢在早上沿河散步。He got up early to_catch_the_early_bus.他早早起床来赶早班车。活学活用仿写句子他们喜欢欣赏美丽的大自然来放松身心。They _ the beautiful nature _.她喜欢读英文书来逐渐增加词汇量。She _ English books_.答案：prefer en
36、joying; to relax their bodies and mindprefers reading; to build up her vocabularies11 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。句式分析本句为一个
37、复合句，making至句尾部分为现在分词作状语表示一种自然而然的结果；that need rich and fertile soil为定语从句。 知识拓展现在分词作结果状语时，表示一个自然而然的结果；不定式在句中作结果状语时常与only连用，表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果。More and more trees and flowers have been planted in our school, making it as beautiful as a garden.我们学校里树木花草栽得越来越多，使学校像花园一样。The plate dropped from her hands, bre
38、aking into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，成了碎片。He hurried to school, only_to_be_told there was no class.他匆匆赶到学校，结果却被告知当天没课。 He lifted a stone only_to_drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头，却砸了自己的脚。名师点拨现在分词作结果状语表示一种很自然，意料之中的结果，动词不定式常与only连用作结果状语表示意料之外的结果。活学活用The return of snow and freezing weather in the south blocked abo
39、ut 14,000 km of roads, _ more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone.Ato delay BdelayingChaving delayed Ddelayed答案：B “_ more than 12,000 passengers on Sunday alone.”作结果状语，与主语“The return of snow and freezing weather”是主谓关系，没有时间先后关系，仅仅说明了主语造成的一种很自然之中的结果。排除A、C两项。句意为“南方的大雪及冰冷天气的再次出现使大约14,000千米的公路受阻，仅仅星期天
40、一天就有12,000多名乘客因此而耽搁了行程”。根据句意选B项。 European football is played in 80 countries，_it the most popular sport in the world.Amaking BmakesCmade Dto make答案：A句意：有80多个国家踢欧式足球，使足球成为全球最流行的运动。现在分词作结果状语，表示一个自然而然的结果。 课堂达标验收课堂达标验收.单项填空1(2014长沙高一检测) This is a _ problem, which made her _.Aconfusing; confusing Bconfus
41、ed; confusingCconfusing; confused Dconfused; confused答案：C考查confuse的用法。句意：这是一个令人困惑的问题，这令她困惑不已。confused困惑的；迷惑不解的；被弄糊涂的，表示人的内心感受；confusing使人困惑的；令人迷惑的；使人混乱的，表示事物的状态。因此选C。 2Now that you didnt agree with him，why didnt you speak it out at the meeting?Well，now I regret _ that.Ato do Bnot to doCdoing Dnot do
42、ing答案：D考查regret的用法。句意：既然你不同意他的话，为什么不在会议上说出来呢？噢，现在我后悔没那样做了。regret not后接动名词作宾语表示“后悔没做某事”。因此选D。 3The wide use of the Internet has already led to all kinds of information _ all over the world.Ato be shared Bbeing sharedCshared Dsharing答案：B句意：网络的广泛使用使得各种信息在世界范围内分享。短语lead to中的to为介词，所以all kinds of informat
43、ion的 宾 语 补 足 语 应 用 动 词 ing形 式 ； share与information之间是被动关系。故选B项。 4With the pressure _， she had to leave her work for a while because she couldnt stand it anymore.Apicking up Bmaking upCbuilding up Dputting up答案：C考查短语辨析。句意：随着压力的增加，她只好离开工作一段时间，因为她再也忍受不了了。pick up拾起，捡起；make up弥补，编造；put up张贴，搭起；build up增加。
44、由句意可知应选C项。 5She usually _ all her energy on her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.Aaims BfocusesCguides Ddirects答案：B句意：她通常把所有的精力都倾注在她孩子身上，几乎没有时间关注其他的事情。focus与介词on或upon连用，意为“集中(注意力、精力等)于”。aim常与介词at连用；guide意为“带领”时，常与to连用；direct“指导”。故选B项。 6(2014唐山高一检测) The professor is making
45、 some _ about the current economy, which refers to the flatselling and share market.Aachievements BsummariesCcomments Dorganizations答案：C句意：这位教授正在对目前的涉及楼市和股市的 经 济 作 一 些 评 论 。 comment评 论 ； achievement成 就 ；summary摘要，总结；organization组织；团体。make comments about/on对作出评价。 7The farmers are working hard to _ th
46、eir crops _ from being destroyed by pests.Akeep; free Bhunger; disturbingCequip; with Dskim; over答案：A句意：农民正在努力工作保护庄稼免遭害虫的破坏。keep. free from.使免遭侵害。8Recently bad weather has often occurred due to the air pollution.So Im sure something will be done to _ air pollution.Areduce BremoveCcollect Dwarn答案：A考查
47、动词辨析。句意：最近由于空气污染，坏天气经常发生。那么我相信会采取措施减少空气污染的。reduce减少；remove移动；collect收集；warn警告。 9(2014西安高一检测)Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class.Ato underlined Bwas underlinedCto be underlined Dto being underlined答案：C考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，worth paying attention to作the key words的后置
48、定语；insist表示“坚持主张”时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用(should) do，因此该从句谓语为(should)be underlined，因此选择C。 10Which do you like better，coffee or tea?I _ coffee to tea.Aenjoy BlikeCprefer Dlove答案：C考查动词词义。句意：咖啡和茶你更喜欢哪一个？我喜欢咖啡胜过茶。prefer sth.to sth.“与某事相比，更喜欢某事”，为固定搭配。.完成句子1There is so much different information about it in
49、the newspaper that people _ it.(confuse)报纸中有太多关于它的信息了，人们都被这些信息弄糊涂了。2She put a cover on the table _(keep)她盖上了桌子，使它远离灰尘。3He _.(prefer)比起看电视，他更喜欢踢足球。 4She has_.(build)她渐渐地树立了信心。5The discussion _ three main problems.(focus)讨论集中在三个主要问题上。6The path _.(lead)这条小径通向那个小村庄。7The king refuses _.(comment v)国王拒绝评论竞
50、选结果。8You _ you have missed thewonderful party.(regret)你会后悔错过了这场精彩的聚会。9He used some simple words to replace the difficult ones，_.(make)他用简单的单词来代替难的单词，使得这个句子理解起来更容易。10_ as it was approaching the airport.(reduce)靠近机场时，飞机减速。答案：1.are confused by 2.to keep it free from dirt3.prefers playing football to watching TV 4.built up her confidence 5.focused on 6.leads to that small village 7.to comment on the election results8.would regret that9.making the sentence easier to understand10.The plane reduced speed课后强化作业课后强化作业（点此链接）（点此链接）
