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1、课题八课题八 绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路绕线转子异步电动机的控制线路YR系列系列 符号符号 绕线转子三相异步电动机，可以通过滑环在绕线转子三相异步电动机，可以通过滑环在转子绕组中串接电阻来改善电动机的机械特性，转子绕组中串接电阻来改善电动机的机械特性，从而达到减小启动电流、增大启动转矩以及调节从而达到减小启动电流、增大启动转矩以及调节转速的目的。转速的目的。一、转子绕组串接电阻启动控制线路 1.转子串接三相电阻启动原理转子串接三相电阻启动原理 启动时，在转子回路串入作启动时，在转子回路串入作Y形连接、分级切换形连接、分级切换的三相启动电阻器，以减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。的三相启动电阻器，以
2、减小启动电流、增加启动转矩。随着电动机转速的升高，逐级减小可变电阻。启动完随着电动机转速的升高，逐级减小可变电阻。启动完毕后，切除可变电阻器，转子绕组被直接短接，电动毕后，切除可变电阻器，转子绕组被直接短接，电动机便在额定状态下运行。机便在额定状态下运行。转子串接转子串接三相对称三相对称电阻器电阻器 转子串接转子串接三相不对三相不对称电阻器称电阻器2.按钮操作控制线路按钮操作控制线路L1L2L3FU1KM1M33FU2KHSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM R1R2R3KHSB2SB3SB4电路组成分析电路组成分析KML1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2
3、KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上合上QS按下按下SB1绕线转子串联绕线转子串联全部电阻启动全部电阻启动FU1FU2QSM3KHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB2KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R2,R3启动启动FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB3KM2线圈得电线圈得电K
4、M2触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R3启动启动FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB4KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM3触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子切除绕线转子切除全部电阻运行全部电阻运行FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松开松开SB4电动机继续运电动机继续运行行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSKHKH3.时间继电器自动控制线路时间继电器自动控制线路 L1L2L3FU1KM
5、1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KH电路组成分析电路组成分析L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM触头闭合触头闭合绕
6、线转子串联绕线转子串联全部电阻启动全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延时闭合延时闭合触头闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R2,R3启动启动KT2线圈得
7、电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延时闭合延时闭合触头闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联R3启动启动KT3线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2K
8、HQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延时闭合延时闭合触头闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子切除绕线转子切除全部电阻运行全部电阻运行KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1
9、KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3动断触头断开动断触头断开KT1线圈失电线圈失电KT1触头断开触头断开KM1线圈失电线圈失电KM1触头断开触头断开KT2线圈失电线圈失电KT2触头断开触头断开电动机继续运转电动机继续运转KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH4.电流继电器自动控制电路电流继电器自动控制电路L1L2L3FU1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KHKA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3电路组成分析电路组成分析L1L2L3FU1M3
10、 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM线圈得电线圈得电FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM触头闭合触头闭合绕线转子串联绕线转子串联全部电阻启动全部电阻启动K线圈得电线圈得电FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2
11、KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA动合触头动合触头闭合闭合因启动电流大因启动电流大,KA1,KA2.KA3的动断触头的动断触头断开断开,继续串联继续串联全部电阻启动全部电阻启动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快，因速度加快，电流减小，电流减小， KA1欠电流欠电流,动断触头闭合动断触头闭合KM1线圈得电线圈得电KM1触头闭合触头闭合串联串联R2,R3继继续启动续启动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMK
12、A1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快电流继续减小电流继续减小 KA2欠电流欠电流, 动断触头闭合动断触头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM2触头闭合触头闭合串联串联R3继续启继续启动动FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快电流继续减小电流继续减小 KA3欠电流欠电流, 动断触头闭合动断触头闭合KM3线圈得电线圈得电KM3触头闭合触
13、头闭合切除全部电阻切除全部电阻全速运行全速运行FU2KHQSKH二、转子绕组串联频敏变阻器启动控制线路频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静频敏变阻器是一种阻抗值随频率明显变化、静止的无触点电磁元件。它实质上是一个铁心损耗非止的无触点电磁元件。它实质上是一个铁心损耗非常大的三相电抗器。在电动机启动时，将频敏变阻常大的三相电抗器。在电动机启动时，将频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中，启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器串接在转子绕组中，启动完毕短接切除频敏变阻器。器。L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3 KM1KHSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23电路组成分析电路组成分析KHL1L
14、2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM1线圈得电线圈得电KT线圈得电线圈得电KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1触头闭合触头闭合电动机串联频电动机串联频敏电阻启动敏电阻启动KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延时闭合触延时闭合触头闭合头闭合KM2线圈得电线圈得电KM2触头闭合触头闭合切除频敏电阻切除频敏电阻电动机全速运电动机全速运行行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QS
15、KHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT线圈失电线圈失电KT延时闭合触延时闭合触头复位头复位电动机继续全电动机继续全速运行速运行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH三、凸轮控制器控制线路中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速中、小容量绕线转子异步电动机的启动、调速及正反转控制，常常采用凸轮控制器来实现，以简及正反转控制，常常采用凸轮控制器来实现，以简化操作，如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。化操作，如桥式起重机上大部分采用这种控制线路。L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA
16、4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3电路组成分析电路组成分析KMKM正转L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8A
17、C9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM触头闭合触头闭合KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手
18、轮转到“正正”位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC1
19、0SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 5432101
20、2345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正” 位置位置KMKM反转L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11
21、SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM触头闭合触头闭合KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“反反”位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反转 零位 正转KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手轮转到手轮转到“正正” 位置位置KMKM
