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1、Is Google Making Us Stupid Nicholas George Carr1Introduction to the authorBorn in 1959B.A. from Dartmouth College M.A from Harvard University (major in English and American Literature and Language) .At the 12th Annual Forbes Telecosm Conference at The Sagamore Resort in Lake George, New York on May
2、28, 2008.2Introduction to the authorAn American writer who has published books and articles on technology, business, and culture. His book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains was a finalist for the 2011 Pulitzer Prize in . It is a bestseller in General Nonfiction and a New York Ti
3、mes.3Introduction to the authorA columnist for The Guardian in London Written for The Atlantic, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Wired, The Times of London, The New Republic, The Financial Times, and other periodicals. “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” has been collected in several anthologi
4、es, including The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2009, The Best Spiritual Writing 2010, and The Best Technology Writing 2009. 4Introduction to the authorA member of the Encyclopedia Britannicas editorial board of advisors.On the steering board of the World Economic Forums cloud computing p
5、roject, and writes the popular blog Rough Type. A writer-in-residence at the University of California.Executive editor of the Harvard Business Review. 5Main Works Digital Enterprise: How to Reshape Your Business for a Connected World (2001) Does IT Matter? (2004)The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, f
6、rom Edison to Google (2008, W. W. Norton) The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (2010, W. W. Norton)His books have been translated into into more than 20 languages. 62011 Pulitzer Prize finalist His first book7The bond between reader and writer is a tightly symbiotic one. The words
7、of the writer inspire new insights and perceptions. The existence of the critical reader provides the spur for the writers work. It gives the author the confidence to explore new forms of expression, to venture into uncharted and sometimes hazardous territory. All great men have written proudly, nor
8、 cared to explain, said Emerson. They knew that the intelligent reader would come at last, and would thank them.“ - From The Shallows8The interplay of technological and economic forces rarely produces the results we at first expect. There are some who remain convinced that computerization will begin
9、 to close the wealth gap. Thats the pattern occurred in past technological revolutions. But when we take into account the economic forces , the replacement of workers with software, and the ability of companies to aggregate volunteer labor and harvest its economic value - were left with a prospect t
10、hat is far from utopian. In the YouTube economy, everyone is free to play, but only a few reap the rewards. -From The Big Switch:9IT is best understood as the latest adopted technologies that have reshaped industry over the past two centuries - from the railroad to the electric generator. As they we
11、re being built into the infrastructure of commerce, all these technologies help companies to gain real advantages. But as their availability increased and their cost decreased, they all became commodity inputs. From a strategic standpoint, they became invisible; they no longer mattered. That is exac
12、tly what is happening to information technology today, and the implications for corporate IT management are profound. -From IT Doesnt Matter10Introduction to TextThis passage is a magazine article , highly critical of the Internets effect on cognitive. It was published in the July/August 2008 editio
13、n of The Atlantic . 11Introduction to TextCarrs main argument is that the Internet might have detrimental effects on cognition and diminish the capacity for concentration and contemplation. Despite the title, the article is not specifically targeted at Google, but more at the cognitive impact of the
14、 whole Internet and WWW.12Others reaction to Carrs argument At the Britannica Blog, some discussion focused on the apparent bias in Carrs argument toward literary reading. In Carrs view, reading on the Internet is generally of a shallower form in comparison with reading from printed books in which h
15、e believes a more intense and sustained form of reading is exercised.Elsewhere in the media, the Internets impact on memory retention was discussed; and, at the online scientific magazine Edge, several argued that it was ultimately the responsibility of individuals to monitor their Internet usage so
16、 that it does not impact their cognition.13The Structure of the TextPart 1 (para.1)Part 2 (para.2 to para.3)Part 3 (Para.4 to para.6)Part 4 (para.7 to para.10)14Part 1 (para.1)Main idea: Recently the author has difficulties with concentrating while reading books and long articles .15Questions:1. Acc
17、ording to Para 1, what is the problem of the author in his reading?His concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages while reading, the deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle. 16Q2.In Para 1, “I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to
18、do.” What is the implied meaning?It means that the author has difficulty in concentrating on what he is reading, and he is easily got distracted.17Paraphrase :1. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and Id spend hours strolling through long stretches of prose. I
19、n the past, I am often attracted by the narrative and different argument and read lengthy prose with distraction.182.I feel as if Im always dragging my wayward brain back to the text. The deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle. I feel as if I am constantly struggling to conce
20、ntrate on the text.19Part 2 para2-3Main idea:We benefit a lot from the Net, but we pay a high price for it.20Q1.Why did the author say “The Web has been a godsend to me as a writer”? Because research that once required days in the stacks or libraries can now be done in minutes. A few Google searches
21、, he got the telltale fact or pithy quote .21Q2. Why does the Internet get so popular according to the author?Because we can have immediate access to such an incredibly rich store of information only with a few Google searches, and some quick clicks on hyperlinks .22Q3. According to the author, what
22、 is the price we pay for the universal medium -the Net? (in Para3)Media are not just passive channels of information. They also shape the process of thought. And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away our capacity for concentration and contemplation. 23Paraphrase1.Im as likely as not to be
23、foraging in the Webs info-thickets Chances are that I am surfing on the internet.242.The perfect recall of silicon memory,” Wireds Clive Thompson has written, “can be an enormous boon to thinking.” But that boon comes at a price. The extraordinary capacity for memory can be of enormous assistance to
24、 thinking ,but this can bring on negative consequence.253.And what the Net seems to be doing is chipping away my capacity for concentration and contemplation. My capacity for concentration and thinking appears to be dwindling due to the use of the Net.264.Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words
25、. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski. Once I choose to do deep reading, but now I opt to skim and scan while I am reading.27Part3 para4-6Main idea:Many people have trouble with reading and scientific research also shows that the using of the Net affects cognition.28Q1.Anecdotes alon
26、e dont prove much. What does the author actually want to say? What the author actually means is that short stories and experience of these people can not point to his argument that the Internet has effect on cognitive. 29Q2. What is the result of the published study of online research habits which i
27、s conducted by scholars from University College London ? It suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea change in the way we read and think due to the use of the Net.30Q3. According to the study, what is the reading habit of the people who visit sites that access to journal articles, e-books,
28、 and other sources of written information?They just skim, hopping from site to another and rarely returning to any source theyd already visited. They read no more than one or two pages of an article before they would “bounce” out to another site. They save a long article, but they ever went back to
29、read it .31Paraphrase:His thinking, he said, has taken on a “staccato” quality, reflecting the way he quickly scans short passages of text from many sources online. The staccato quality of his thinking is indicative of the way he reads short passage on the web quickly.32Part 4 (para7-10) Main idea:T
30、he Internet might have detrimental effects on cognition that diminish the capacity for concentration and contemplation. 33Q1.What is the style of reading promoted by the Net ?The style that is promoted by the Net is putting “efficiency” and “immediacy” above all else, which does not require deep rea
31、ding.34Q2.What is the disadvantage of the style of reading promoted by the Net?It weakens our capacity for the deep reading .We tend to become “mere decoders of information”. Our ability to interpret text, to make the rich mental connections that form when we read deeply and without distraction, rem
32、ains largely disengaged. 35Q3.How did the author use German scholar Friedrich A. Kittlers example to demonstrate his argument? Nietzsches prose style changed when he started using a typewriter, which he had adopted because of his developing difficulty with writing by hand due to failing eyesight.36(
33、October 15, 1844 August 25, 1900) ,a 19th-century German philosopher, poet, composer and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and aphorism.37A model 1878 of the Malling-Hansen Wri
34、ting Ball, which Nietzsche began using in 1882 when his poor eyesight made it difficult for him to write by hand.38Q4. “We are not only what we read,” says Maryanne Wolf, “We are how we read. (In para7) What the author actually meant? What he meant is that both the content of our reading and the way
35、 of reading books shape our personalities and thinking patterns. Books can have a tremendous impact on people during certain period.39Q5.When we read online, we tend to become “mere decoders of information.” What the author actually meant? That is to say when we read online, we focus on superficial
36、meaning of information, without digging into it. We just skim and scan through a article online. We seldom bother to read research papers or classical novels because such materials calls for meticulous efforts in reading between the lines rather than merely decoding information.40Paraphrase:1.Thanks
37、 to the ubiquity of text on the Internet, not to mention the popularity of text-messaging on cell phones, we may well be reading more today than we did in the 1970s or 1980s .We are likely to be reading more today than in the 1970s or 1980s because of a sea of online text and the popular text-messag
38、e function on cell phones.412.Reading, explains Wolf, is not an instinctive skill for human beings. Its not etched into our genes the way speech is. Unlike speech, human beings are not born with reading ability.42Group discussionIn this article, Nicholas George Carr discusses the Internets detriment
39、al effects on cognition and it diminishes the capacity for concentration and contemplation. So what is your opionion? Do you spend much time on surfing the Internet? Do you think your time on the Internet is worthwhile?43The Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online jou
40、rnalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of these, each winner receives a certificate and a US$10,000. The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal.44The End45
