语法精讲强化系列1. 动词的时态和语态 考点考点1 一般一般时态 ★★★★★★★★★★1. 一般一般现在在时(1)表表示示习惯性性、、经常常性性发生生的的动作作或或存存在在的的状状态, 常常与与表表示示频度度的的时间状状语连用用, 如如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. (2)表示客表示客观事事实、真理、格言或者警句等真理、格言或者警句等3)表表示示按按照照时间表表、、计划划安安排排好好的的或或者者规定定的的行行为, 只只限限于于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示等表示动作作趋向性或移向性或移动意意义的的词My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. (4)在在时间、、条条件件等等状状语从从句句中中常常用用一一般般现在在时代代替替一一般将来般将来时。
You will surely succeed if you try your best. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·全全国国卷卷Ⅱ)This cycle_________ (go)day after day. The walls warm up during the day. 解解题题关关键键: 时时间间状状语语为为day after day, 且且根根据据第第二二句句的的warm用用了了一一般般现现在在时时可可知知此此处处表表示示目目前前的的情情况况, 所所以以用一般现在时用一般现在时答案判定答案判定: goes 2. 一般一般过去去时(1)表表示示过去去某某个个时间发生生的的动作作或或存存在在的的状状态, 常常用用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等等作作时间状状语It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. (2)在在时间、、条条件件等等状状语从从句句中中常常用用一一般般过去去时代代替替过去将来去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. (3)表表达达“原原以以为/本本来来认为/原原希希望望”等等意意义时, know, think, expect等等动词常用一般常用一般过去去时I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没料到会在我没料到会在这里碰里碰见你 【辨析】【辨析】一般一般过去去时与与现在完成在完成时的区的区别一般一般过去去时①①强强调动作作发生在生在过去某一去某一时间, 不不强强调对现在在造成的影响或造成的影响或结果果; ②②与表示与表示过去某一特定去某一特定时间或与或与现在无关的某一在无关的某一过去去时间连用用现在在完成完成时①①表示表示过去去动作与作与现在有关系在有关系, 主要主要强强调对现在在造成的影响和造成的影响和结果果; ②②可与可与today, this week, since等表示包括等表示包括现在一段在一段时间的状的状语连用用, 但但不能和表示不能和表示过去去时间的状的状语连用用 *They’ve gone to Paris so far. 他他们目前已目前已经去巴黎了去巴黎了(说明他明他们现在不在在不在这里里)。
They went to Paris last year. 他他们去去年年去去过巴巴黎黎(只只说明明去去过, 不不表表明明是是否否现在在仍仍在在那里那里) 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·全全国国卷卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I______ (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. 解解题题关关键键: 句句意意: 就就在在天天亮亮之之前前我我到到了了阳阳朔朔, 天天下下着着小小雨雨但但是是我我关关心心的的不不是是这这件件事事根根据据主主句句was raining以以及及第第二二句句话话的的didn’t可可知知, 记记叙叙的的是是过过去去发发生生的的事事情情, 应应该该使用一般过去时使用一般过去时答案判定答案判定: arrived 3. 一般将来一般将来时(1)一一般般将将来来时表表示示将将来来某某一一时刻刻的的动作作或或状状态, 即即单纯的将来事的将来事实He will graduate from Beijing University next year. (2)三三类表示一般将来表示一般将来时的特殊的特殊结构构: ①①be going to do sth. 表表示示计划划、、打打算算要要做做某某事事或或者者有有预兆要兆要发生某事。
生某事Really?You’re going to walk the dog? ②②be to do sth. 表表示示按按计划划或或安安排排即即将将要要做做某某事事, 或或者者按照按照职责、、义务、、规定等要做某事定等要做某事We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. ③③be about to do sth. 表表示示即即将将要要发生生某某事事该结构构通通常不与具体的常不与具体的时间状状语连用The train is about to leave. 火火车即将开出即将开出 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·全全国国卷卷Ⅱ)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we_________ (wait)for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning. 解解题题关关键键: 根根据据if从从句句用用的的是是一一般般现现在在时时表表示示将将来来, 可可知知主句用主句用will+动词原形表示一般将来时。
动词原形表示一般将来时答案判定答案判定: will wait 【高考【高考题组】】单句句语法填空法填空/改改错1. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo __(be)really beautiful. 2. (2015·广广东高考高考)While making great efforts to run away, she ___(fall)over the hill and died. isfell 3. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅱ)We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope _________(make)them happy. 4. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (改改错)________________will makethink改改为thought 5. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry. (改改错)_______________6. (2015·四川高考四川高考)As I tell you last time, I made threenew friends here. (改改错)___________begun改改为begantell改改为told 考点考点2 进行行时态 ★★★★★★★★★★1. 现在在进行行时(1)表表示示说话时正正在在进行行的的动作作、、存存在在的的状状态或或者者表表示示现阶段段(at present, this week等等)正正在在进行行的的动作作、、存存在在的状的状态(说话时动作不一定作不一定进行或存在行或存在)。
Experts are wondering now if the Internet is changing what we remember and how. (2)一一些些特特定定的的表表示示动作作趋向向性性的的短短暂性性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等等常常用用现在在进行行时表将来Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for various reasons. (3)现在在(或或者者过去去)进行行时态与与always, constantly, often, forever, continually等等副副词连用用表表示示说话者者的的“赞叹、、厌烦、不、不满”等感情色彩等感情色彩The girl is always talking aloud in public. 【辨析】【辨析】一般一般现在在时主要用于主要用于习惯性或性或经常性的常性的动作作, 常伴随使常伴随使用用频度副度副词usually, often, seldom等等现在在进行行时主要用于表示目前或主要用于表示目前或现阶段正在段正在进行的行的动作或状作或状态, 常跟常跟时间状状语now, at present等等连用用 *He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·北北京京高高考考)I (write)to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 解解题题关关键键: 此此句句是是书书信信的的开开头头语语, 强强调调现现在在正正在在写写信信, 故故用现在进行时。
用现在进行时答案判定答案判定: am writing 2. 过去去进行行时(1)过去去某某一一时刻刻或或某某一一段段时间内内正正在在进行行的的动作作或或者者存在的状存在的状态Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board. (2)表示表示过去一个去一个动作作发生生时另外一个另外一个动作正在作正在进行She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. (3)过去去进行行时可可以以表表示示按按计划划、、安安排排在在过去去将将要要发生生的的事事用用于于come, go, leave, start, arrive等等表表示示位位置置移移动的的动词时, 也也可可以以用用过去去进行行时表表示示过去去按按照照计划划、、安排将要安排将要发生的生的动作Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada. 【辨析】【辨析】一般一般过去去时表示一个完成的表示一个完成的动作作; 亦可表示亦可表示过去某个去某个时刻刻发生的生的单纯动作作(侧重重说明事明事实)过去去进行行时表示表示过去某一去某一阶段正在段正在进行的行的动作作; 亦可亦可表示表示过去某一去某一时刻或某一段刻或某一段时间发生的生的动作作(强强调在在这一一过程中所程中所进行的行的动作或展开作或展开的情景的情景)或者不断反复或者不断反复进行的行的动作作 *I was reading a novel last night. (可能没看完可能没看完)。
I read a novel last night. (已已经看完看完) 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2014·全全国国卷卷Ⅱ)He_________ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver. 解解题题关关键键: 根根据据句句意意“他他正正在在公公交交车车旁旁边边骑骑着着自自行行车车并并挥挥舞舞着着胳胳膊膊”, 以以及及关关键键词词and waving, 可可知知ride也也应应该该用用进进行行时时态态与与wave并并列列, 而而且且根根据据第第二二句句的的heard可可知知是发生在过去是发生在过去, 故用过去进行时故用过去进行时答案判定答案判定: was riding 3. 将来将来进行行时表表示示将将来来某某个个时间正正在在进行行的的动作作, 或或按按预测将将来来会会发生生的的事事情情常常用用的的时间状状语有有: soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。
等This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. 【辨析】【辨析】一般将一般将来来时表示表示对“现在在时刻刻”来来说, 将要将要发生的生的动作作或将要存在的状或将要存在的状态将来将来进行行时表示将来的某一表示将来的某一时刻或某段刻或某段时间正在正在进行的行的动作作 *She is sixteen, and will be seventeen next year. *What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2013·江江苏高高考考)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?—Sure. I (write)a report at home. 解解题题关关键键: 由由题题干干中中的的关关键键信信息息词词tomorrow morning可可知知, 双双方方在在谈谈论论明明天天早早晨晨的的事事情情, 所所以以答答语语应应用用将将来来进行时进行时, 表示表示“明天早晨我将在家写报告明天早晨我将在家写报告”。
答案判定答案判定: will be writing 【高考【高考题组】】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ)And the town ___________(become)a popular weekend destination for people in Asia now. 2. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ)Now I ________(live)in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside. is becomingam living 3. (2014·辽宁高考宁高考)While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many ___________ (break)the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 4. (2015·北京高考北京高考)In the early afternoon, when he ____________(plan)to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. are breakingwas planning 考点考点3 完成完成时态 ★★★★★★★★★★1. 现在完成在完成时(1)表表示示过去去发生生或或已已经完完成成的的某某一一动作作对现在在造造成成的的影影响响或或结果果, 常常用用的的时间状状语: already, so far, never, just, before, recently等。
等Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one. (2)表表示示过去去发生生而而持持续到到现在在的的动作作或或状状态常常与与since, for以以及及so far, now, today, this week(month, year), for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等等连用So far no further news has been obtained. (3)现在在完完成成时还可可以以用用在在时间和和条条件件状状语从从句句中中, 表表示示将来某将来某时完成的完成的动作Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 【点津】【点津】(1)注意牢注意牢记以下固定句型以下固定句型: ①①It is/has been+时间段段+ since. . . 表表示示“自自从从……以以来来已已经……”。
It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. ②②This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表表示示“这/那那是是(某某人人)第第几几次次做做某某事事”, that从从句句中中要要用用现在完成在完成时This is the first time that I have been here. (2)注注意意避避免免思思维定定势: 一一看看到到for+时间段段, 就就用用动词的的现在在完完成成时态一一定定要要看看语境境强强调是是“该动作作曾曾经做做过多多长时间”(一一般般过去去时), 还是是“该动作作已已经做做完完多多长时间”(现在完成在完成时)①①Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 杨振宁在美国定居多年振宁在美国定居多年, 现在他生活在中国在他生活在中国 ②②Dashan has lived in China for many years. 大山在中国住了大山在中国住了许多年。
多年 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls (give)up their heat and are now cold enough. 解解题题关关键键: 根根据据语语境境可可知知强强调调“耗耗尽尽了了热热量量后后, 现现在在足足够够冷冷了了”, 故故give up这这一一动动作作是是截截止止到到现现在在已已经经完完成成的的动动作作, 且对现在造成了影响且对现在造成了影响, 故要用现在完成时故要用现在完成时答案判定答案判定: have given 2. 过去完成去完成时(1)表表示示在在过去去某某一一动作作之之前前已已经完完成成的的动作作, 强强调“过去去的的过去去”之之意意常常与与by, before等等介介词短短语或或状状语从从句句连用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely. (2)表表示示意意向向的的动词, 如如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等等, 用用过去去完完成成时表表示示“原原本本……(事事实上上未能未能……)”。
We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 【点津】【点津】注意固定句型注意固定句型: ①①This/It/That was the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表表示示“这/那那是是(某某人人)第第几几次次做做某某事事”, that从从句句中中要要用用过去完成去完成时This was the first time that I had been here. ②②hardly. . . when. . . 和和no sooner. . . than. . . 两两个个句句型型中中, 主句均用主句均用过去完成去完成时Hardly had the match started when we arrived. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2014·山山东高高考考)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we (expect). 解解题题关关键键: 根根据据句句中中的的关关键键词词was可可知知“耗耗费费时时间间”这这一一动动作作已已经经发发生生, 而而“预预想想时时间间”应应该该是是发发生生在在“耗耗费费时时间间”之之前前, 即即expect这这一一动动作作发发生生在在“过过去去的的过过去去”, 故故用用过过去去完完成成时时态态。
句句意意: 手手写写所所有有的的邀邀请请函函比比我我们们预预想想的的更更耗耗时答案判定答案判定: had expected 【高考【高考题组】】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1. (2015·四川高考四川高考)People ____________(puzzle)over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks for a long time. And there’s no obvious answer. have puzzled 2. (2015·天津高考天津高考)The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer __________(offer)a much higher price. 3. (2015·重重庆高考高考)Her family ____________(return) from abroad, and then got a message from the vet. had offeredhad returned 考点考点4 现在完成在完成进行行时和和过去将来去将来时 ★★★★★★1. 现在完成在完成进行行时(1)常常用用来来表表示示开开始始于于过去去某某个个时间、、一一直直持持续到到现在在并且会并且会继续进行下去的行下去的动作。
作2015·全全国国卷卷Ⅰ)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. (2)表表示示到到目目前前为止止的的一一段段时间里里一一直直在在反反复复进行行的的动作I have been calling him many times this morning, but there’s no answer. 【辨析】【辨析】现在完成在完成时表示表示过去开始的一个去开始的一个动作到目前作到目前为止已止已经完成完成, 体体现动作的作的结果果现在完成在完成进行行时表示表示过去开始的一个去开始的一个动作到目前作到目前为止仍在止仍在进行行, 甚至仍将甚至仍将继续 ①①I’ve watched the TV series Nirvana in Fire. (已已经完完成成)②②I have been watching the TV series Nirvana in Fire these days. (仍在仍在进行甚至仍将行甚至仍将继续) 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】单句改句改错(2014·全全国国卷卷Ⅰ)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. 解解题题关关键键: 关关键键词词since then提提示示语语境境强强调调从从过过去去开开始始的的动动作作持持续续到到了了现现在在, 而而且且本本句句的的时时间间状状语语是是all these years, 通通常常和和现现在在完完成成进进行行时时连连用用。
所所以以应应用用现现在在完完成进行时成进行时答案判定答案判定: had改为改为have 2. 过去将来去将来时过去去将将来来时表表示示在在过去去某某个个时间看看将将要要发生生的的动作作或或存存在在的的状状态即即过去去将将来来时是是“立立足足过去去, 着着眼眼未未来来”的的一种一种时态, 常用于常用于宾语从句中The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home. 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空(2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅰ)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our friend there _________(appreciate). 解解题题关关键键: 由由语语境境可可知知强强调调“他他们们认认为为我我们们那那里里的的朋朋友友可可能能会会喜喜爱爱的的一一些些东东西西”, 同同时时由由关关键键词词asked和和thought可可知知是是站站在在过过去去的的时时间间点点上上展展望望未未来来。
故故用用过过去将来时去将来时答案判定答案判定: would appreciate 【高考【高考题组】】用所用所给词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空/改改错1. (2014·福建高考福建高考)As a result, Isabelle ________________ (receive)blood transfusions(输血血)every 4—6 weeks since she was 11 months old. 2. (2014·天津高考天津高考)She ___________________ (volunteer)her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years. has beenreceivinghas been volunteering 3. (2013·福建高考福建高考)We ________________(drive)in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. 4. (2015·天津高考天津高考)Just to see what she ________(do), I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s head. 5. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅱ)Tony promised her that this will never happen again. (改改错)_____________have been drivingwould dowill改改为would 考点考点5 被被动语态 ★★★★★★1. 不能用被不能用被动语态的特殊的特殊动词(1)系系动词类(look, seem, feel, taste, sound, prove, appear等等)。
2)表表示示主主语特特征征的的词(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock等等), 常常与与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等等副副词连用This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗种布料容易洗 2. get构成的表示被构成的表示被动的短的短语get paid/lost/hurt等We get paid every week. 我我们按周按周获得薪酬 3. 主主动形式表示被形式表示被动意意义(1)在在need, want, require, deserve, bear等等动词、、worth等等形形容容词的的后后面面, 动名名词主主动形形式式表表示示被被动意意义, 其其含含义相当于相当于动词不定式的被不定式的被动形式The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房房子子需需要要修理 (2)在在某某些些“主主语(人人/物物)+be+形形容容词+不不定定式式”中中不不定定式式的的主主动形形式式表表示示被被动意意义这些些形形容容词有有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。
等The problem is difficult to work out. 这道道题很很难计算出 【典例剖析】【典例剖析】单句改句改错(2015·全全国国卷卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 解解题题关关键键: 主主语语studies和和谓谓语语show是是逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓(主主动动)关关系系, 句句意意强强调调“很很多多研研究究表表明明……”, 故故应应该该使使用用主主动语态答案判定答案判定: 去掉去掉been 【高考【高考题组】】单句句语法填空法填空/改改错1. (2015·北京高考北京高考)Most of them are extremely delicate and can ___________(damage)by a simple touch. 2. (2015·天津高考天津高考)Though pages ___________(turn)slowly, I got the main idea of the story. be damagedwere turned 3. (2014·天津高考天津高考)We won’t start the work until all the preparations ______________(make). 4. (2014·全国卷全国卷)Unless some extra money _______ (find), the theatre will close. 5. (2015·全国卷全国卷Ⅱ)Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. (改改错)_______________have been madeis founddrank改改为drunk 此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢你的支持，我们会努力做得更好！感谢你的支持，我们会努力做得更好！ 。