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1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Non-predicateVerbs2021/8/61非非谓谓语语不定式（to do)分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)- ing分词-ed分词非谓语动词讲解一：构成非谓语动词讲解一：构成2021/8/621.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语词：非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）就是不能作谓语的动词变形）非谓语动词讲解二非谓语动词讲解二：谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与
2、非谓语动词判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法判别谓语动词及非谓语动词的方法1.Shegotoffthebus,Shegotoffthebus,_(leave)(leave)herhandbagonherseat.herhandbagonherseat.2.2.Shegotoffthebus,2.Shegotoffthebus,butbut _(leave)herhandbagonherseat.(leave)herhandbagonherseat.leavingleft2021/8/63非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件一个句子一个句子一个句子一个句子当中，当
3、中，当中，当中，已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句主句主句（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）（谓语动词）, ,又没有又没有又没有又没有连词连词连词连词的情况下的情况下的情况下的情况下, ,还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。还有别的动词出现时。由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.Themantookoutthekey,_(open)thedoor2.andenteredtheroom.3.2.Themansatthere,_(r
4、ead)abook.4.3._(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.5.4.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeeting6.yesterdayisofgreatimportance.7.5._(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.Zhang8.goestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove2021/8/64考纲解读考纲解读非谓语动词包括非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高中所学的
5、基础语法，也是高考必考内容高考必考内容。既是。既是高考的亮点高考的亮点又是又是高考的热点高考的热点。【高考考点透视高考考点透视】1非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。2非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。3非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。4不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。法对比。非谓语动词讲解三：非谓语动词讲解三：2021/8/655不定式和动名词在
6、及物动词后作宾语的不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点。区别是考查的热点。6过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。补足语的用法。7不定式标志不定式标志to和介词和介词to的用法判断等。的用法判断等。8带带to与不带与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。的不定式的用法及区别。2021/8/66不定式不定式相当于相当于名词、形容词、副词。名词、形容词、副词。充当充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、宾语补足语、状语。状语。动名词动名词相当于相当于名词名词充当充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词分词相当
7、于相当于形容词、副词形容词、副词充当充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语.非谓语动词讲解四：句法作用非谓语动词讲解四：句法作用2021/8/671Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.2021/8/
8、684.Toseeyouisglad.=Itsgladtoseeyou.5.Iwanttoseeyou.6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.7.Myhopeistoseeyou.8.Heisthemantoseeyou.9.Imgladtoseeyou.10.Iwenttoseeyou.11.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）2021/8/69非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分
9、词2021/8/61012.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.13.Heenjoysswimming.14.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.15.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.16.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.17.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主语作主语作主语作主语) )( (作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语) )( (作宾补作宾补作宾补作宾补) )(作表语作表语)( (作状语作状语作状语作状语) )( (作定语作定语作定语作定语) )非谓语动词讲解非谓语
10、动词讲解2021/8/611动词不定式（动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一一.动词不定式的基本构成动词不定式的基本构成由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成非谓语动词讲解五非谓语动词讲解五主动态被动态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing2021/8/612不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法不定式时态的用法1.1.不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时同时发生时同时发生时同时发生时，
11、或，或，或，或之后之后之后之后发生发生发生发生用一般时态用一般时态用一般时态用一般时态1)Hewanted1)Hewanted_(see)you.(see)you.2)Ihope2)Ihope_(see)youagain._ 2.2.强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作强调不定式的动作正在进行时正在进行时正在进行时正在进行时，用进行时态用进行时态用进行时态用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedWhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.abook.3.3.强调强调强调强调 不定式的动作不定式的动作不定式的动作不定式的动作在谓语动词之前在谓
12、语动词之前在谓语动词之前在谓语动词之前发生时，发生时，发生时，发生时，用不定式完成时用不定式完成时用不定式完成时用不定式完成时HeissaidHeissaid_(write)anovellastyear.anovellastyear. 4.4.强强强强调调调调动动动动作作作作从从从从过过过过去去去去某某某某时时时时开开开开始始始始，一一一一直直直直延延延延续续续续到到到到现现现现在在在在，并并并并可可可可能能能能持持持持续续续续下下下下去时，用去时，用去时，用去时，用完成进行式完成进行式完成进行式完成进行式 SheissaidSheissaid(work)ontheproblemonthepr
13、oblemformanyyears.formanyyears.非谓语动词讲解六非谓语动词讲解六toseetoseetobereadingtohavewrittentohavebeenworkingtohavebeenworking2021/8/613不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法 当不定式的当不定式的当不定式的当不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语逻辑主语逻辑主语是不定式的是不定式的是不定式的是不定式的承受者承受者承受者承受者时，用被时，用被时，用被时，用被动语态动语态动语态动语态ItisanhonorformeItisanhonorformetobeas
14、kedtobeaskedtospeaktospeakhere.here.Sheasked_(send)toworkinSheasked_(send)toworkinTibet.Tibet.Thebookissaid_Thebookissaid_(translate)intoEnglish.(translate)intoEnglish.tobesenttohavebeentranslated非谓语动词讲解七：非谓语动词讲解七：2021/8/614如何确定动词不定式的语态如何确定动词不定式的语态技巧：找逻辑主语技巧：找逻辑主语1.Iopenedthedoor_(enter)theroom.2.Mr
15、.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_(hold)tomorrow.一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。toentertobeheld2021/8/615(二）进行式（三）完成式1.Iamveryglad_(work)withyou.2.Thebookissaid_(translate)intoEnglish.如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。tobeworkingtohavebeentranslated2021/8/616解题技巧非谓语动词题目三步走：谓语动词谓语动词/句型的要求句型的要求:解析句子
16、结构，确定设空在解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补如状语、定语或宾补)；主被动关系主被动关系:找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动主动还是被动)；时间先后顺序时间先后顺序:搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；谓语动词的恰当形式；非谓语动词讲解八：非谓语动词讲解八：2021/8/617EXX.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgiven.1.Tomhappened_(pass)bywhentheyspo
17、keillofhim.2.Weallhope_(become)scientists.3.Weallwant_(take)partinthesportsmeet.4.Ihappened_(read)thearticlewhenheaskedmeaboutit.5.Hepretended_(be)adriver.6.Whenthefathercamehome,thenaughtyboypretended_(do)hishomework.tobepassingbebecometotaketohavereadtobetobedoing7.Heissaidto7.Heissaidto_(write)an
18、ovelnow.anovelnow.bewritingbewriting2021/8/6188.Heissaid_(send)toLondonalready.9.Sheissaid_(meet)afairyoneday.10.Aliceissaid_(do)herhomeworkinherownroomnow.11.Idontexpectthem_(wait)formewhenIarrivedtheresolate.12.Theseboysaresaid_(praise)fordoinggoodsdeeds.tohavebeensenttohavemettobedoingtobewaiting
19、tobepraised2021/8/619动动词词不不定定式式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。IwanttoseeyouthiseveningAllyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6201.作主语作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。不定式做主
20、语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。ToseeistobelieveNottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将todo放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_(get)therebybus.句型句型2：Its+n.+todoItsourduty_(help)thepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_(spend)ourholidayinthemountains二二.动词不定式的句法作用动词不定式的句法作用非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲
21、解togettohelptospend2021/8/621句型句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasy_metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonor_ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykind_youtogivemesomehelp.Itsimpolite_youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat
22、.Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解forforofof2021/8/6222.作表语作表语1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。(一致性一致性) _(do) two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。 _ (see) is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)系动词be,appear,seem,pr
23、ove后用todo形式做表语；betodo,beabouttodo结构表将来时:HeistomarryRose.Hewasabout_(enter)whenheheardacry.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解TodoToseetoenter2021/8/6233).如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主等为中心的名词，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用。语的内容做具体说明作用。His wish is _ (buy) a car in the ne
24、ar future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing is _ (take) measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染4).Whatshewantstodomostnowis_(travel)abroad.(主语是what,all引导的名词性从句)非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解tobuytotaketotravel2021/8/624Exx:1.Toliveis_(struggle).2.Herwishis_(become)adoctor.3.Iwasjustabout_(leave)t
25、heofficewhenthephonerang.4.Myjobis_(look)afterthechildrentoday.5.我们计划去参观那个大型工厂。6.We_thelargefactory.7.6.Whatinterestedmemostwas_(find)suchathingintheforest.7.Thecaptainseemed_(hesitate)foramoment.8.Hiswordsproved_(correct).tostruggletobecometoleavetolookaretovisittofindtohesitatetobecorrect2021/8/62
26、5常见动词有：常见动词有：口诀口诀:想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要想要决定同意，希望许诺选择需要want,decide,agree,wish,hope,promise,choose,need3.作宾作宾语语如：如：wanttodoIwanttoknowthismatter.Idontexpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语接不定式做宾语1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didnt1.Theywanted_(get)onthebus,didntthey?they?2.Hesaidhewished_(be)aprofessor.2.Hesaidhewishe
27、d_(be)aprofessor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.3.Iagreed_(go)therewiththedoctor.4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)when4.Mydaughterpreferred_(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.shewasinhertwenties.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.5.Hehadpromised_(give)meahand.togettogettobetobe togotogotodancetodancetogivetogi
28、ve非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/626补充能接不定式作宾语的动词有：expect,pretend,refuse,plan,learn,manage,offer,afford,help(to)do,determine,intend,attempt,desire1.Icantafford_(buy)acar.2.Haveyoulearnt_(drive)acar?3.Thestrangeroffered_(show)metheway.4.PriceHarryasked_(send)toserveinthearmy.5.Thepatientdesired_(tell)thetruth.
29、6.Theyareplanning_(visit)Londonnextyear.tobuytodrivetoshowtobesenttobetoldtovisit2021/8/627+非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/628+非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/629非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解.regretdoingsth遗憾/后悔做过某事.regrettodosth.表示对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉”、“遗憾”，后面只限于用几个动词say,tell,inform等。2021/8/630非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/631非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1. 不定式与动名
30、词不定式与动名词无区别无区别startbegincontinue注意注意 下列情况中下列情况中begin和和start后须接不定式后须接不定式主语是物不是人主语是物不是人Springcameon,andthesnowbeganto melt.begin和和start用于进行时态用于进行时态Itsbeginningto snow.后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：后接表示心理活动或状态的动词，如：understand,realize,knowIbeganto realizehowstupidIwas.后接不定式被动式后接不定式被动式Thenewtypeofcomputerbegantobedev
31、elopedinthe1980s.2021/8/6322. 不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别细微细微love hatelikeprefer后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、后接动名词表示经常性的动作，多指一个人的爱好、习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动作习惯等，后接不定式表示具体的特定的某一次动作Ilike_(swim)insummer.Ididntlike_(swim)thatday.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解swimmingtoswim2021/8/6333.不定式与动名词区别不定式与动名词区别很很大大 :rememberforgetregrettrymeanst
32、opgooncanthelpIremembervisitinghisparentswhenIwenttothetown.IllremembertovisithisparentswhenIgotothetown.Hesforgottenswitchingoffthelight.Heforgottoswitchoffthelightwhenheleft.Iregretsayingthosewords.IregrettosaythatIcantcometonight.Hetriedteachingthechildreninanewway.Hetriedtoteachthechildrenasmuch
33、ashecould.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6341.Boys,dontforget_thewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.toclose2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest3.Remember_thelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff
34、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/635Exx.1.Theteacheriscoming,letsstop_(talk).2.Shetried_(read),butcouldntmakeherforgethertrouble.3.Heforgoteven_(write)tome,sohewroteanotherone.4.Iremember_(bring)thebooktoyoulastweek.5.Iregret_(tell)thatwecanttakeyouradvice.6.Revolutionmeans_(liberate)theproductiveforces.7.Goon_
35、(do)theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.8.Thoughitbegantorain,theywenton_(get)Inthecropsonthefield.talkingreadingwritingbringingtotellliberatingtodogetting2021/8/636注意句型：注意句型：it作形式宾语作形式宾语如：如：findit+adj+todoIfind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feel_interestingtoworkwithhim注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如
36、果还带有宾语补足语，往往不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。作形式宾语。Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider+adj/n+todosth.1.Wethought_better_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_betternot_go?3.Ifeel_myduty_changeallthat.4.Wethink_important_obeythelaw.5.Iknow_impossible_finishsomuchhomeworkinada
37、y.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解it宾语宾补ititititittototototo2021/8/6372)considerwhattodotellmewhattodo有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。（代）词，一起充当宾语或宾补。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，等，但不可以但不可以是是why。They are considering what to do next.They told me what to do next.注意句型：注意句型：非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解（
38、宾语）（宾语）（宾补）宾补）2021/8/6381.你能告诉我该如何解决这个问题吗？Couldyoutellme_theproblem.2.我们想知道下周我们去哪里?Wewonder_nextweek.3.Wehavenoideaaboutwhat_(do)next.4.Shegaveussomeadviceonhow_(learn)foreignlanguage.5.Thereisntanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_(该选哪个).howtosolvewheretogotodotolearnwhichtochoose2021/8/6394.
39、作宾语补足语作宾语补足语如：如：tellsb.todosth(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1.Mothertoldme_comebackbefore10oclock.2.Illgetsomeone_repairtherecorderforyou.3.Whatcausedhim_changehismind?4.Iwishyou_comeassoonaspossible.5.Heaskedme_dotheworkwithhim.tototototo非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解主语谓语 宾语宾补2021/8/640advise,allow,ask
40、advise,allow,askbeg,causebeg,cause（促使）促使） ,expect,expectencourage,forceencourage,forceget,hate,inviteget,hate,inviteorder,wish,order,wish,oblige（强制，迫使）（强制，迫使）want,warn,remindwant,warn,remindpromise,permitpromise,permitpersuade,requestpersuade,request非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6411.Thesoldiersforcedtheenem
41、y_(give)in.2.Ourteacheradvisesus_(do)morereadingaloudeverymorning.3.Theywouldnotallowhim_(risk)goingacrosstheenemyline.4.Willyoupermitme_(go)tothecinema?5.Theyoungmanpersuadedhisfather_(give)upsmoking.6.Thegovernmentcallsonpeople_(protect)theenvironment.7.Wecandependontheworkers_(carry)outtheplan.to
42、givetodotorisktogotogivetocarrytoprotect8.Greenhousegasescausetheearthsatmosphere_(heat)up.toheat2021/8/642+ +非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/643+ +非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/644例如：例如：注意：注意：当这类动词转为被动语态时，当这类动词转为被动语态时，其后的不其后的不定式则要加上定式则要加上“to”如：如：Heisoftenheard_(sing)thesongHewasseen_(enter)theroom.tosingtoenter非谓语动词讲解
43、非谓语动词讲解2021/8/645理解：1.Isawsomeonecomein.2.Isawsomeonecomingin.3.Hehadhishorse_(jump)overthefence.4.Theladywaswatched_(leave)herroomsilence.5.Hemadetheboy_(clean)room.6.Didyounoticeanyone_(enter)myroom?7.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhislittlesister.8.Lastnightthegir
44、lswereheard_(sing)intheclassroom.9.Thelocalpeopleweremade_(leave).10.Somechildrenwereobserved_(pick)theflowers.我看到有人进来了。（已进来）我看到有人正往里来（正在走）jumptoleavecleanentercrytocrytosingtoleavetopickup2021/8/646括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.2.LittleSandywould
45、love_(take)tothecinemathisevening.3.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_(cry),todayhewasmade_(cry)byhisdeskmate.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Telltheboy_outofthewindow.A.nottolookB.tonotlookC.dontlookD.notlookhelp(to)watercrytocry非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解tobetaken2021/8/647非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解让，
46、要让，要havesb.dosth.=getsb.todosth.让某人做某事让某人做某事=havesth.done让某事被做让某事被做例：例：Ihavehim_(repair)mywatch.=Ihavemywatch_(repair).havesb./sth.doing让某人或某事一直进让某人或某事一直进行某动作或保持某状态行某动作或保持某状态例：例：Ihadmycarwaitingoutside.Iwonthaveyousmoking.havesth.todo有某事要做有某事要做比较比较例释例释repairrepaired2021/8/648Exx:1.Ihadhim_(repair)my
47、bike.2.=Igothim_(repair)mybike.3.2.Itistoocold,wehavethefire_4.（burn)allnightlong.5.3.Hehadme_(wait)foralongtime.6.4.Iwanttohavethisfilm_(develop).repairtorepairburningwaitingdeveloped2021/8/649非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to词组词组hadbetter,wouldrather,hadrather,ratherthan,cant(help)but,mightaswell（不妨）
48、（不妨）Letsfinishtheworktodayratherthan_(leave)itofftilltomorrow.句型句型WhynotWhynotjoinus?在介词在介词but,except,besides前面的结构中，有行为动词前面的结构中，有行为动词do,choose(do/choosebutdosth.其它动词其它动词buttodosth.)Ididnothingbut_(wait)foryou. Thereseemednothingelsetodobut_(wait)foryou.Icouldntchoosebut_(wait).Ihadnochoicebut_ (wait
49、) foryou.waitwaitto waitwaitleave2021/8/6501.YesterdayIdidnothingbut_(watch)TV.2.Hewantednothingbut_(enjoy)himselfatthemoment.3.Atlasttheenemysoldiershadnochoicebut_(lay)downtheirguns.4.Wecannotchoosebut_(hear).5.Boddidnothingexcept_(play)tennis.6.Wehadnothingtodoexcept_(fight)againstthepollution.7.
50、Ithadnoeffectexcept_(make)himangry.watchtoenjoytolayhearplayfighttomake另：nothingbut仅仅，只不过,只有Iwantnothingbutthebestformychildren.Yourenothingbutathief.我只是想给我的孩子们最好的。你只不过是个小偷。2021/8/651：不定式做定语时一般修饰：不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事将要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the la
51、st bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？Themeeting_(hold)tomorrowisveryimportant.5.作作定语定语eg.eg.I have something to tell you. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解tobeheld2021/8/6521)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anyth
52、ing to be washed today? ( (区别主被动）区别主被动）比较：比较：havesomeclothestowashhavesomeclothestobewashedShe has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解自己洗自己洗别人洗别人洗2021/8/653不定式做定语除了一般式todo外，还有下面的形式，即：不定式的被动形式tobedone注意：当不定式做定语时，有两种情况可用不定式的主动表被动。1.Therebe句型中不定式todo和tobedone都可表被动，可以不区别。如：Ther
53、earealotofthingstodo/tobedonethisafternoon.今天下午有许多事要做。2.当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一当不定式与所修饰词有动宾关系同时又与本句中的另一个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式个名词或代词构成主谓关系时，可用不定式的主动形式todo表示被动含义表示被动含义。如：1)Mr.Smith，Ihavesomequestions_(ask).史密斯先生，我有一些问题要问。(不定式toask的动作执行者是主语I)2)Pleasegivemesomebooks_(read).请给我一些书读。(不定式toread的动作执行者是句中
54、的me)但：Imgoingtothepostoffice;doyouhaveanything_(send)？我要去邮局，你有什么要寄的东西吗？(此句中send这个动作不是句中you发出的，所以用了被动)tobesenttoasktoread2021/8/6541.Imhungry.Getmesomething_(eat).2.Hewillshowyoutherightpath_(take).3.Thosewhohavequestions_(ask)putupyourhands.4.Thebooks_(send)tothepoormountainareasnextweekhavebeenhere
55、.toeattotake5.Hehasalotofwork_(do)today,sohecantgowithus.6.Wehaveacomposition_(write).7.Hetoldmeaboutthethings_(discuss)atthenextmeeting.8.Theyhavepaidforthehouse_(build)nextyear.toasktobesenttodotowritetobediscussedtobebuilt2021/8/655不定式为不及物动词时，须加介不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room _(live). I
56、 need a pen to write _. 我需要一支笔写字。（介词不能省略）Pleasegivemeaknife_(cut).to live intocutwithwith非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6561.Wearelookingaroom_.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife_?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruitC.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith3.Ihavesomethingim
57、portanttosay.pleasefindapieceofpaper（写上）（写上）4.Excuseme，couldIuseyourpenforamoment？Ihavenopen（写）（写）towriteontowritewith非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6572）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系）不定式与被修饰的词有主谓关系 She is the last to leave the room.不定式修饰的名词前有不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，序数词，序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语
58、后置定语,与其所修饰与其所修饰的词有的词有逻辑上逻辑上主谓关系主谓关系Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/658这样的名词常用的有：这样的名词常用的有：way，time，reason，chance，opportunity，need，wish，right，plan,ambition,effort等。等。如1.Itstimeforyou_upandgotoschool.你该起床去上学了。2.Thereisnoreason_hisword.没有理由怀疑他的话。3.They
59、havenowanopportunity_abroadtostudyfurther.他们现在有机会出国深造。3）不不定定式式与与所所修修饰饰词词的的有有同同位位关关系系（前前抽抽象象后后具具体体），即即不不定定式式短短语语说说明明前前面面名名词词或或代代词词的的内内容。容。 I have no chance to go there.togettodoubttogo2021/8/659(4)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时，它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。同根名词也常用不定式做定语。如：1.HemadeanattempttolearnEnglishwel
60、l.他试图学好英语。(attempttodosth)2.Hisabilitytogetonwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。(beabletodosth)3.Idonttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.我不相信他来访的诺言。(promisetodosth)2021/8/660Exx:1.Youhavenoright_(stop)mefromgoinginthere.2.Therearenoplans_(build)newoffices.3.Thelocalclubsaremakingeveryeffort_(in
61、terest)4.moreyoungpeople.4.Thereisnoneedforyou_(get)upearlytomorrow.5.Ithasbeenherlifelongambition_(become)a6.successfulwriter.7.6.Thelastman_thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.8.A.toleaveB.leavingC.leftD.tohavelefttostoptobuildtointeresttogettobecome7.Hiswish_adoctorcametrue.A.comingB.comeC.tocomeD.came8.
62、Heisalwaysthefirst_andthelast_.A.ofcoming,ofleavingB.comes,leavesC.tocome,toleaveD.coming,leaving2021/8/6616.作状语作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim(目的目的)(原因原因)(结果结果)(条件条件)1）不定式做目的状语，相当于用）不
63、定式做目的状语，相当于用inorderto，soasto引导的目的状语。引导的目的状语。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6621.Hebentdown_(pick)thepenlyingonthefloor.2.Hebentdownand_(pick)thepenlyingontheground.3.Theteacherdidwhatshecould_mewithmylessons.4.A.helpB.helpsC.helpedD.tohelp5.4.Thedoctordideverythinghecould_(save)thepatient.6.5.Everyminuteismad
64、efulluseof_(study)ourlessons.7.6._thefirstbus,hegotupearly.8.A.TokeepupB.Soastokeepup9.C.KeepupD.Inorderkeepup10.11.topickpickedtosavetostudy2021/8/663掌握含有目的状语的几种句式：Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.=Hegotupearly_catchthefirstbus.=_,hegotupearly.=_thefirstbus,hegotupearly.=Hegotupearly_hecouldcatchthef
65、irstbus.=Hegotupearly_catchthefirstbus.=Hegotup_catchthefirstbus.注：1、soastodo结构不能放于句首；2、inordertodo结构，可以与inorderthat目的状语从句转换TocatchthefirstbusInordertocatchsoastosoearlyastoinorderthatinorderto2021/8/6642)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词形容词/副词副词+asto，too.to引导
66、。引导。Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? 请您从这边走好吗？I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。Heisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/665掌握tooto的不同含义。be+形容词（副词+enoughtodosth.“足以以至于可以干tootodosth.太而不能（否定含义）too+willing/ready/glad/anxioustodosth.等时，too的意思是
67、very的意思，此时是肯定含义“非常乐意做某事/非常着急想做某事1.Thequestionissimpleenoughforustoanswer.2.2.Thequestionistoodifficultfortoanswer.3.4.3.Theyoungmanistoowillingtodotheoldlivingaroundhere.这个问题够简单的，我们能回答上来。这个问题太难了，我们回答不了。这位年轻人非常愿意为住在这儿周围的老人做点事。4.Theyseemedtobetooanxioustoleave.他们似乎太着急而想赶快离开。2021/8/666动名词（动名词（gerund）一一
68、.动名词的基本构成动名词的基本构成二二.动名词的性质动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudontmindmysayingit.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动语态被动语态一般式完成式2021/8/667非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解口诀口诀动名词在句中的功能及其它动名词在句中的功能及其它“动名动名”语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，主
69、宾表定都可作，主宾表定都可作，“动名动名”、“现分现分”要认清，要认清，“现分现分”不作不作“宾宾”和和“主主”，动名作，动名作“状状”可不行。可不行。二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，主谓关系视分词，主谓关系视分词，“动名动名”一词无此义。一词无此义。2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.2021/8/668三三.动名词的作用动名词的作用1.可作主语可作主语SeeingisbelievingReading newspape
70、rscanincreaseourknowledge. no use no good no fun Its+ a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerousThereisno+doing.=Itimpossibletodosth.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6691.Itsnousedoingsth.=Itsuselessdoingsth.2.做某事是没有用的/做某事是无济于事的3.2.Itsnogooddoingsth.4.做某事是没有效果的。5.3.Itsnofundoingsth.6.做某事不玩/做某事没有意思。7
71、.Eg.Itsnofunlivingonyourown. 独自生活没有意思4.Itsashamedoingsth.做某事很可惜/做某事很遗憾5.Itsawasteoftime/moneydoingsth.做某事是浪费时间/钱。2021/8/670非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting.Lookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthemat
72、ter.哭是无济于事的。反对无效。这是不可能的事情。/这不是轻而易举的事。Thereisnojoking不是轻而易举的事/不是好玩的。2021/8/671掌握动名词doing和动词不定式todo做主语的区别：1._（see)isbelieving.2._(see)istobelieve.3.表语是动名词（doing)形式，主语也应用动名词(doing)4.形式。主语是动词不定式(to do),表语也用动词不定式5.(to do)。整个句子的非谓语动词要一致。6.3. Theoldmans_(take)pityonthesnakeledto7.hisowndeath.8.4.His_(work)
73、allnightintheraincausedhimto9.catchacold.10.5.His_(come)backmadehismotherhappy.11.在口语中用动名词做主语置于句首的情况要12.比动词不定式多13.SeeingToseetakingworkingcoming2021/8/672不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作不定式、动名词用作主语不定式、动名词用作主语1 1。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语（1 1）
74、眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实（2 2）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益无益无益无益（3 3）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To see is to believe1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous3.
75、To smoke here is dangerous（1 1）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2 2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3 3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for healthday is good for health3.
76、Smoking is not a good habit3.Smoking is not a good habit2021/8/673A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wr
77、ong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc.ItsItskind ofkind ofyoutothinksomuchofus.youtothinksomuchofus.ItsItsunwise ofunwise ofhimtoleavehomeatonce.himtoleavehomeatonce.ItsItswrong of wrong of himtospeakbadbehindothers.himtospeakbadbehindothers.ItsItswrong ofwrong ofthesouthtobreakawayfromthe
78、Union.thesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.2021/8/674动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语用用用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句型型型型2. 2.用用用用it it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhilenouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用连用连用连用（1）光说不做没用）光说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益）吸
79、烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的1.Its no use talking too much without doing 1.Its no use talking too much without doing anythinganything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk3.Its no good smoking too much3.Its no good smoking too much4.Its worthwhile 4.Its worthw
80、hile learning English well. English well.1.Itsnouse_(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno_(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood_(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_(play)golf.2021/8/6752 2。不定式不定式不定式不定式作主语作主语作主语作主语用用用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1 1）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了
81、）你这么说真是太好了（2 2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3 3）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的（4 4）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to say such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not dif
82、ficult for you to learn well English 4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammargrammar3. 3.固定句型固定句型固定句型固定句型（1 1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2 2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to 1.It take
83、s LiLei two and a half hours to complete his plete his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?2021/8/676小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习惯用法主语和表语对称主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作的动作It tak
84、es sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + Its no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sthdo sth2021/8/677todo表示具体的
85、动作，表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作，通表示泛指的动作，通常常1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis_(bite)nails（指甲）.作表语2021/8/6782.可作动词宾语可作动词宾语S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词特殊动词接特殊动词接“动名动名”，使
86、用它们要记清，使用它们要记清，避免错过避免错过(少)延期延期avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成建议完成(多)练习练习suggest/advise/finish/practise喜欢想象喜欢想象禁不住禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承认承认否定否定(与)嫉妒嫉妒admit/deny/envy逃脱逃脱冒险冒险(莫)原谅原谅escape/envy/risk/pardon/excuse忍受忍受保持保持(不)在意在意stand/keep/keepon/mind掌握它们今必行。掌握它们今必行。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解技巧技巧
87、12021/8/679非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解“张惠妹啊不食肯德基”技巧技巧22021/8/680prefer.to.lookforwardtobeusedtoputoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S.+ v. + prep. +doinge.g.Shesattherewithout_(speak)Ilookforwardto_(see)himagain.Areyouusedto_(liv
88、e)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp_(laugh).Idontfeellike_(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy_(prepare)hislessons.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解speakingseeinglivinglaughinggoingpreparing2021/8/6817.Mostofthemobjectedto_(leave)insuchahurry.8.Thesemenhavedevotedthemselvesto_(train)youngmaninordertosettheworlds
89、record.9.HowaboutLiMing_(help)youwiththejob.10.Themotherwarnedhersonagainst_(fight)withotherboys.11.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_(catch).12.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_(persuade)intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.13.Whileweredevelopingagricultureandindustrywemustpreventearth_(p
90、ollute).leavingtraininghelpingfightingbeingcaughtbeingpersuadedbeingpolluted2021/8/682以下词组中的to均为介词，to后应用动名词doing形式或用名词、代词宾格做宾语：referto参考，谈到payattentionto注意到stickto坚持做be/getusedto习惯于objectto反对devoteoneselfto把奉献给2021/8/683掌握动名词一般式（doing)与动名词完成式（havingdone)的区别：1.TheDepartmentofEducationgavehimamedalfor
91、2._(complete)sixtyyears.3.2.Iapologizefor_(notkeep)mypromise.4.3.-Excusemefor_(keep)youwaiting5.forsolong.6.-Itdoesntmatter.havingcompletednothavingkepthavingkept2021/8/684非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解3.动名词与动名词与不定式、现在分词、过去分词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做表做表语区别语区别1).表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。词可以互换。e.g.Myh
92、obbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2).若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。不定式。e.g.Mywishistofindapart-timejobthissummer.3).现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征,也可以也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别e.g.Thepartywasveryexciting.Theywereveryexcitedatthenews2021/8/685非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解1.He
93、rwishis_anengineer.A.becomingB.become C.tobecomeD.beingcome2.Somepeoplesgreatestpleasureis_.A.fishingB.tofishC.tobefishingD.beingfish3.Thereportwasso_thattheywereall_.A.inspiring,excitingB.inspiring,excitedC.inspired,excitedD.inspired,exciting4.-“Youlookpale.”-“Ifeelalittle_.”A.tireB.tiredC.tiringD.
94、tiresome2021/8/686非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解4.4.动名词动名词与与不定式、现在分词、过去分词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做定语做定语 区别区别 1).不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的表示未发生的动作或通常发生的某一动作。动作或通常发生的某一动作。e.g.Thetrainto arriveisfromLondonHeisalwaysthefirstto comeandthelastto leave.2).动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种动名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途用途，一般，一般放在被修饰词的前面。放在被修饰词的前面。e
95、.g.awashingmachine（动名词做定语，（动名词做定语，=amachinewhichisusedforwashing）洗衣机洗衣机areadingroom（动名词做定语，（动名词做定语，=aroomwhichisusedforreading）阅览室阅览室2021/8/687非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解3).现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去过去分词作定语则表示分词作定语则表示被动、或完成被动、或完成的意义。的意义。单个分词单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面；分词短语作定语多
96、置于被修饰词后面。面；分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词后面。e.g.the_sun（现在分词做定语，（现在分词做定语，=thesunwhichisrising）正在升起的太阳）正在升起的太阳the_world（现在分词做定语，（现在分词做定语，=theworldwhichischanging）变化中的世界）变化中的世界a_movie感人的电影感人的电影_voice激动的声音激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）（形容词性分词作定语）_leaves落叶落叶a_cup一个破了的杯子一个破了的杯子（过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）（过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成）risingchangingmovinge
97、xcitedfallenbroken2021/8/688非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解考考你考考你2021/8/689非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解主动态被动态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing不定式形式不定式形式2021/8/690动名词形式动名词形式非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone主动语态被动语态一般式完成式2021/8/691构成（以构成（以study和和go为例）为例）及物与不及物及物与不及物动词 语态语态
98、 时态类别及及物物动词不及物不及物动词主主动语态被被动语态主主动语态现在分在分词一般式一般式完成式完成式过去分去分词一般式一般式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedonegoinghavinggonegone分词：分词：Participles非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解分词的时态分词的时态,语态形式语态形式一一.分词的概述分词的概述2021/8/692非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解考考你考考你2021/8/693非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解高考常考形式比较高考常考形式比较todo表将来目的表将来目的tobedone将来被动将来被动tohavebeendo
99、ne将来完成将来完成tobedoing将来进行将来进行doing同时同时,主动主动beingdone同时同时,被动被动havingdone主动及在主句主动及在主句谓语动词前发谓语动词前发生生havingbeendone被动及在主句谓语被动及在主句谓语动词前发生动词前发生done被动或完成被动或完成2021/8/694非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/695现在分词与过去分词的区别：现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierwoundedinth
100、ewarhasbecomeadoctor.2.时态上：时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成developingcountry,boilingwaterdevelopedcountry,boiledwater非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/696被动式：被动式：beingdone表示一个正在进行的被动动作。表示一个正在进行的被动动作。1.Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wes
101、awnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：完成式：havingdone所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。动作之前发生。1.Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.2021/8/697非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解现在分词形式及在句子中的作用（包括过去分词的用）：现在分词形式及在句子中的作用（包括过去分词的用）：口诀口诀现在分词真好记，动词后面现在分词真好记，动词后面
102、ING。它的作用真不小，可以充当它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表定状表。还有还有宾语补足语宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。，忘记此项不可以。分词做分词做定语定语的位置及其它的位置及其它“定分定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。分词短语在词后，分词短语在词后，“定从定从”和它互对照。和它互对照。“现分现分”动作进行时，动作进行时，“过分过分”动作完成了。动作完成了。（注：（注：“定分定分”：做定语的分词；：做定语的分词；“定从定从”：定语从句；：定语从句；“现现分分”：现在分词；：现在分词；“过分过分”：过去分词
103、。）：过去分词。）分词在句中分词在句中作作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。二、分词的作用二、分词的作用2021/8/6981、作定语、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。称为后置定语。（1）前置定语）前置定语Heisapromisingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置
104、定语）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/699Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相
105、当于一个定语从句。如：相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解202
106、1/8/6100（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves落下的树叶落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisre
107、allyinspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。你所说的真令人鼓舞。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/61013、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。我们发现小孩睡着了。非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲
108、解A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.2021/8/6102非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解分词做分词做状语状语在句子中所表示的意义在句子中所表示的意义分词做状语，概有七意义。分词做状语，概有七意义。“时间时间”和和“原因原因”，“结果结果”与与“目的目的”。“方式方式”加加“伴随伴随”，“条件条件”常出席。常出席。且谈其主语，谓语头前的且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。欲要记住它，必须常练习。（欲要记住它，必须常练习。（*指句子的主语）指句子的主语）4、作状语、作状语口诀口诀
109、2021/8/6103现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.3.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.4.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.I
110、stoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6104HearingHearingthebadnews,thebadnews, theytheycouldnthelpcryingcouldnthelpcrying.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6105Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6106Beingsoangry,hecouldntgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry非谓语动词讲解非谓语动
111、词讲解2021/8/6107Theycameintotheclassroom,singing and laughing.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6108To servethepeoplewell, Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6109判断下列句子正误：判断下列句子正误：判断下列句子正误：判断下列句子正误：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2
112、.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解5.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospital.5.Beingill,hisclassmatesenthimtohospit
113、al.6.Togetthereintime,hetolmetogetupearly.6.Togetthereintime,hetolmetogetupearly.7.BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.7.BrokenbyJim,Icantusethecup.2021/8/6110将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：短语作状语：短语作状语：短语作状语：1.1.BecauseshewasmovedbyBecauseshewasmovedbytheherothehero,shedecidedtostudyha
114、rder.,shedecidedtostudyharder.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/61112.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6112Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6113将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritet
115、oher.1.Notknowingheraddress,Icantwritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwa
116、sbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.5.Hearingherfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.2021/8/6114非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6115非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6116非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6117非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词讲解2021/8/6118B.B.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与
117、被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系，也还要用主动语态动关系，也还要用主动语态动关系，也还要用主动语态动关系，也还要用主动语态1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?1,GivehimsomebooktoreadDoyouhaveanyclothestowash?“Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashed?”askedthemaid“Doyouhaveanyclothestob
118、ewashed?”askedthemaid2,S+2,S+be+easybe+easydifficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingdifficulthardpleasantinterestingexcitingcomfortable+todocomfortable+todoThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteachThisquestioniseasytoanswerTheboyisdifficulttoteach3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereaso
119、nis3,ThehouseistoletThemanageristoblame.Thereasonisnotfartoseek.notfartoseek.4Therebe4Therebe句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)Thereisnothingtodonow(wehavenothingtodonow)现在没事干现在没事干现在没事干现在没事干Thereisnothin
120、gtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)Thereisnothingtobedonenow(wecandonothingnow)现在没什现在没什现在没什现在没什么办法么办法么办法么办法Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)Thereisnothingtosee(nothingisworthseeing)没有东西值得看没有东西值得看没有东西值得看没有东西值得看ThereisnothingtobeseenThereisnothingtobeseen看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西看不见有什么东西2021/8/6119
121、分词时态、语态的用法分词时态、语态的用法如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Nothavingfinishedhishomework,Tomwasmadetostayatschool.Havingclosedallthewindows,IwenthomeHavingclosedallthewindow
122、s,IwenthomeHavingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.Havingbeeninvitedtotheparty,Tomwasveryhappy.分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系是被动的，要用被动语态系是被动的，要用被动语态系是被动的，要用被动语态系是被动的，要用被动语态1. 1.LookingLookingoutofthewindow,outofth
123、ewindow,I Icanseemanycarsandbuses.canseemanycarsandbuses.2. 2.SeenSeenfromthetopofDragonTower,fromthetopofDragonTower,HarbinHarbinlooksmorebeautiful.looksmorebeautiful.3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)3.Theteachercamein,_manystudents.(follow)4.Theteachercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow)4.Thete
124、achercamein,_bymanystudents.(follow)followingfollowingfollowedfollowed如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。1.1.BeingrepairedBeingrepaired,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.,thebuildingisforbiddentoenter.2.Thehouse2.Thehousebeingbuilt
125、beingbuiltnowisaHopeProjectSchool.nowisaHopeProjectSchool.3.3.PassingPassingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingbytheaccidentscene,Isawthemanbadlyhurtbeingcarriedontoanambulance.carriedontoanambulance.2021/8/6120Task: complete the following sentences1.“1.“（你有衣服要洗吗）（你有衣服要洗吗）（你有衣服要洗吗）（你有衣服要洗吗）?
126、themaidasked.?themaidasked.2._(2._(没有完成作业没有完成作业没有完成作业没有完成作业),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.),TomwasforbiddentowatchTV.3._(3._(正在刷油漆正在刷油漆正在刷油漆正在刷油漆),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.),thehousewasnotallowedtoenter.4._(4._(被邀请参加舞会被邀请参加舞会被邀请参加舞会被邀请参加舞会),Maryfeltexcited.),Maryfeltexcited.5.Thedifficultmathsproble
127、m_(5.Thedifficultmathsproblem_(很难算出）很难算出）很难算出）很难算出）. .6.Shewasangryfor_(6.Shewasangryfor_(没有被邀请）没有被邀请）没有被邀请）没有被邀请）totheball.totheball.7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_(7.Thethiefstoleintothestore_(没人看到）没人看到）没人看到）没人看到）8.Theflat_(8.Theflat_(出租）出租）出租）出租）9.Themanwhowasondutythatday_(9.Themanwhowasondutythatd
128、ay_(应受谴责）应受谴责）应受谴责）应受谴责）10.Theywereproudof_(10.Theywereproudof_(被派往西藏去工作）被派往西藏去工作）被派往西藏去工作）被派往西藏去工作）11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_(11.Whentheteachercamein,Tom_(假装再看书）假装再看书）假装再看书）假装再看书）12.NiPingissaid_(12.NiPingissaid_(写了一本名叫写了一本名叫写了一本名叫写了一本名叫“ “日子日子日子日子” ”的书）的书）的书）的书） 13.SongDandanissaid_(13.SongDanda
129、nissaid_(在写一本叫在写一本叫在写一本叫在写一本叫“ “月子月子月子月子” ”的书）的书）的书）的书）14._(14._(从窗户往外看从窗户往外看从窗户往外看从窗户往外看),Icanseemanytallbuildings.),Icanseemanytallbuildings.15._(15._(从山顶往下看从山顶往下看从山顶往下看从山顶往下看),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.),thecitylooksmorebeautiful.16._(16._(他有很多活要干）他有很多活要干）他有很多活要干）他有很多活要干）.Dontbotherhim.Dontbother
130、him.17._(17._(他有很多活要干他有很多活要干他有很多活要干他有很多活要干)andyoucango,too.)andyoucango,too.DoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedDoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedNothavingfinishedhishomework,Nothavingfinishedhishomework,BeingpaintedBeingpaintedNothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,Nothavingbeeninvitedtotheball,isdifficulttoworkoutisdi
131、fficulttoworkoutnothavingbeeninvitednothavingbeeninvitedwithoutbeingseenwithoutbeingseenistoletistoletistoblameistoblamehavingbeensenttoworkinTibethavingbeensenttoworkinTibetpretendedtobereadingpretendedtobereadingtohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tohavewrittenabookcalled“TheDays”tobewritingabookname
132、d“TheMonths”tobewritingabooknamed“TheMonths”Lookingoutofthewindow,Lookingoutofthewindow,Seenfromtopofthehill,Seenfromtopofthehill,HehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktodoHehasalotofworktobedoneHehasalotofworktobedone2021/8/6121独立主格结构独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作
133、状语，其逻辑主语要和句子一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格独立主格独立主格独立主格结构（结构（结构（结构（IndependentGenitiveIndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，）有两部分组成，前一部份是前一部份
134、是前一部份是前一部份是名词名词名词名词或者或者或者或者代词代词代词代词，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是，后一部分是非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词( (不定式、不定式、不定式、不定式、动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词动名词和分词) )或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语状语状语状语，多用于书面，多用于书面，多用
135、于书面，多用于书面语。语。语。语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasNobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.closed.2021
136、/8/61221 1独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：（1 1）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +-ing+-ing分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirThemoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.journey.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteache
137、rfollowing.（2 2）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +-ed+-ed分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.2021/8/6123（3 3）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Thew
138、eather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4 4）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepoliceThemoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.wentaway.Herearethefirsttwovol
139、umes,thethirdonetoHerearethefirsttwovolumes,eoutnextmonth.2021/8/6124（5 5）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6 6）名词）名词）名词）名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.E
140、verybodyathome,wesatdowntodinnerEverybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner. .2021/8/61252 2with+with+复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，withwith后的宾语后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况
141、或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，时，withwith原有的含意往往不翻译出来。原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1 1）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +名词名词名词名词ThebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyThebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.weapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofHewascarriedintothehospital,withh
142、isfaceamassofbleedingflesh.bleedingflesh.2021/8/6126（2 2）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +介词介词介词介词TheteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhisTheteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.hand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedical
143、Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.treatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3 3）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +副词副词副词副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Hewentoutwithhishaton.ThesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithThesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.herlightso
144、n.2021/8/61274 4）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +形容词形容词形容词形容词Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Dontspeakwithyourmouthfull.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5 5）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +-ing+-ing分词分词分词分词Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardtheWiththeoldman
145、leading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.mountains.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.2021/8/6128（6 6）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +-en+-en分词分词分词分
146、词Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Hediedwithhislifesworkstillunfinished.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7 7）with+with+名词名词名词名词 / /代词代词代词代词 +不定式不定式不定式不定式Theyarehighlymechanize
147、dfarms,withmachinerytoTheyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.domostofthework.Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestoThiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.beovercome.Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,weWithfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainlef
148、t,wearrivedhere.arrivedhere.2021/8/61293.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。2021/8/6130不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：语时经常表示抽象动作：语时经
149、常表示抽象动作：语时经常表示抽象动作： Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.Itsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是：则是：1. 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)
150、Toms(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpecomingiswhatwehaveexpe2.2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：逻辑主语是无生命的名词：IsthereanyhopeofIsthereanyhopeofourteamourteamwinningthewinningthematchmatchShedidntmindShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)Jack/Jacks(him/his)inghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.1._tothemeetingsurprisedallofthebo
151、ards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameA.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.MikescomingC.MikecomesD.Mikescoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingA.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendD.yourpretendChangethefollowingi
152、ntothesimplesentences.Changethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.madeitputoff.2021/8/6131Thanksalot!2021/8/6132不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时
153、经常表示抽象动作：语时经常表示抽象动作：语时经常表示抽象动作：语时经常表示抽象动作： Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.Itsnogoodeatingtoomuchfat.ItsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchItsnotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.fat.关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规关于逻辑主语的问题动名词复合结构的一般规则是：则是：1. 1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。容词性物主代词；作宾语时，
154、也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Toms(His)Toms(His)ingiswhatwehaveexpect.2.2.逻辑主语是无生命的名词：逻辑主语是无生命的名词：IsthereanyhopeofIsthereanyhopeofourteamourteamwinningthewinningthematchmatchShedidntmindShedidntmindJack/Jacks(him/his)Jack/Jacks(him/his)inghere.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.1._tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheb
155、oards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameA.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomesD.MikescomingC.MikecomesD.Mikescoming2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.2.Itsnouse_thatyoudidntknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingA.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendD.yourpretendChangethefollowing
156、intothesimplesentences.Changethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingThatPeterdidntattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.madeitputoff.2021/8/6133不定式、动名词用作主语不定式、动名词用作主语1 1。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语。直接作主语（1 1）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实）眼见为实（2 2）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益无益无益无益（3 3）在这里吸
157、烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险）在这里吸烟很危险1.To see is to believe1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous3.To smoke here is dangerous（1 1）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。）眼见为实。（2 2）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。）天天
158、做早操有益于健康。）天天做早操有益于健康。（3 3）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。）吸烟不是好习惯。1.Seeing is believing.1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for healthday is good for health3.Smoking is not a good habit3.Smoking is not a good habit不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不
159、定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作2021/8/6134A: 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的， 可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B: 下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是： (表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foo
160、lish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite, naughty etc.ItsItskind ofkind ofyoutothinksomuchofus.youtothinksomuchofus.ItsItsunwise ofunwise ofhimtoleavehomeatonce.himtoleavehomeatonce.ItsItswrong of wrong of himtospeakbadbehindothers.himtospeakbadbehindothers.ItsItswrong ofwrong ofthesouthtobreakawa
161、yfromtheUnion.thesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.2021/8/6135动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语动名词作主语用用用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句作形式主语，有自己特定的句型型型型（1）光说不做没用）光说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的）学好英语是值得做的4.Its worthwhile 4.Its worthwhile learning English well. English well.2. 2.用用用用i
162、t it作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与作形式主语，常与nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhilenouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile连用连用连用连用1.Its no use talking too much without doing 1.Its no use talking too much without doing anythinganything2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk3.Its no g
163、ood smoking too much3.Its no good smoking too much1.Itsnouse_(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno_(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood_(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_(play)golf.2021/8/6136小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别一、对称原则一、对称原则二、特殊表达二、特殊表达三、固定句型三、固定句型四、习惯用法四、习惯用法主语和表语对称主语和表语对称动名词表示经常性、反复发动名词表示经常性、
164、反复发生的动作生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作的动作It takes sb some time to do sthIts no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + Its no use/no good /useless/worthwhile + doing doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to Its important/necessary
165、/hard for sb to do sthdo sth2021/8/6137todo表示具体的动作，表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作，通表示泛指的动作，通常常1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitsis_(bite)nails（指甲）.作表语2021/8/6138（3）做表语：主语）做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themain
166、thingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可构成将来时态可构成将来时态,表表“准备准备/打算打算/计划计划/需要需要”;Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.2021/8/61392 2。不定式不定式不定式不定式作主语作主语作主语作主语用用用用it it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型作形式主语，有自己特定的句型（1 1）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了）你这么说真是太好了（2 2）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说
167、出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了）他说出这样的话太愚蠢了（3 3）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的）我们学好英语是必要的（4 4）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难）你们学好英语语法并不难3. 3.固定句型固定句型固定句型固定句型1.It is very kind of you to say so.2.Its very foolish of him to say such things3.It is necessary for us to learn English well4.Its not difficult f
168、or you to learn well English 4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammargrammar（1 1）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业）李垒每天花两个半小时完成作业（2 2）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？）你昨晚用多长时间写完的作文？1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to 1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours
169、to complete his plete his homework.2.How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?2021/8/6140不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。ShecoulddonothingbutcryWhatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebu
170、ttogo(4)作定语作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.2021/8/6141不定式动词在介词不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时
171、，如果这些介后面时，如果这些介词之前有词之前有行为动词行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。ShecoulddonothingbutcryWhatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo(4)作定语作定语不定式作定语时，不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutor
172、ead.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.2021/8/61421).目的状语目的状语:可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末,前面可加前面可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调表强调.Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enoughto/to
173、oto/onlyto结构中。结构中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语原因状语:主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+todo表表感情的感情的adj.有有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.Imverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome2021/8/61431.Themaninsisted_ataxif
174、ormeeventhoughItold1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.himIlivednearby.A.findA.findB.tofindB.tofindC.onfindingC.onfindingD.infindingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._the2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.answersread
175、ywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadA.Tohavehad B.HavinghadB.HavinghadC.HaveC.HaveD.HavingD.Having3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.A.youtreatyoutreatB.youtotreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatC.whytreatD.youtreatingD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhe4.
176、Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.couldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.A.tolosetoloseB.losingB.losingC.tobelostC.tobelostD.beinglostD.beinglost2021/8/6144动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。语态时态主动
177、语态被动语态一般时tomaketobemade进行时tobemaking完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade完成进行时tohavebeenmaking2021/8/6145WhenIgothome,mysonhappenedtobewatchingTV.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。Sheissaidtohavereadthirtynovelsthisyear.ImsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolongAftergraduation,heaskedtobesenttoworkinthec
178、ountryside.ThisnovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoFrench.2021/8/6146选出下面习题正确答案选出下面习题正确答案1-Imhungry,andIwanttoeatthecake.-What!itisnotgood_A.foreatingB.tobeeatenC.toeatD.ateating2Itsimportant_andhelpful.A.tokindB.bekindC.kindD.tobekind3.IttookAliceandmeanhour_outtheproblem.A.toworkB.workingC.workD.fo
179、rworking.4.Ifounditveryimportant_Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned5.Itsverynice_youto_meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tell2021/8/6147怎样区分动名词和现在分词怎样区分动名词和现在分词Myjobisteaching.换位法换位法HerjobisgettingeverythinginorderintheofficeTheplayisexciting.ExcitingistheplayThestoryhetolduswa
180、sveryinterestingInterestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作表语作表语作定语作定语动名词作定语表示性质或用途。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachineamachineforwashing2021/8/6148四.动名词的时态和语态1.完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如作之前发生。例如Iregretnot having takenyouradvice.Hedidintmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对被动式
181、：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Shedidntmindbeingcalledahousewife2021/8/6149找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.Havin
182、greachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.状语状语定语定语状语状语宾语宾语(宾语宾语)补语补语定语定语2021/8/61503）作表语）作表语:S.+be+doingMyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Mygreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.4）作定语）作定语:S.+v.+doing+n.Doesheworkinthereading-room?Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.Hisgrandfatherhasabamboowalkingstick.2021/8/6151
