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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern heroAn hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.一日之计在于晨。1. n. 质量；品质；性质2. adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3. adj. 积极的；活跃的4. adj. 慷慨的；大方的5. adj. 无私的；忘我的6. vt. 献身；专心于7. n. 投票；表决 v. 投票；选举_ _ _ _ _ _qualitymeanactivegenerousselflessdevotevote 8. vt. 进攻；抨击；攻击9. n. 暴力；暴行10. adj. 平等的；相
2、等的11. adj. 不公平的；不公正的12. vi. 逃走；泄露；逃脱13. adj. 受过教育的;有教养的14. vi. 请求；乞求_ _ _ _ _ _ attack violence equal unfair escape educated beg 16. n. 恐怖；恐怖活动17. n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏18. vt. 判决；宣判19. n. 总统；会长；校长20. n. 意见；看法；主张_ _ _ _ _ terror reward sentence president opinion词形变词形变化化1.活跃的,积极的adj._不积极的adj._ 活动n._ 积极地
3、adv._ 2.慷慨的,大方的adj._慷慨,大方n._慷慨地,大方地 adv._3. n.自我; 自身 _ adj.自私的 _ adj.无私的 _ _adv.无私地;忘我地 _ _4. 献身,专心于v._忠诚,专心n._忠实的,深爱的 adj._5. 和平,平静,安宁n._和平的,宁静的adj._和平地，宁静地adv._6.n.指导; 领导_n.指南;手册;导游v.指导;指引_activeinactiveactivityactivelygenerousgenerositygenerouslyselfselfishselflessunselfishselflessly unselfishlyd
4、evotedevotiondevotedpeacepeacefulpeacefullyguidanceguide7.法律的,依照法律的adj._非法的adj._非法地adv._8.adj.怀有希望的;有希望的_ n.&v.希望;期望_adv.有希望地_ adj.没有希望的_9.n.暴力_adj.暴力的,凶暴的_10.adj. 相等的;平等的 adv.相等地,平等地_n.平等_adj.不相等的;不平等_11.adj.乐意的;自愿的_adv._ n.乐意;自愿_adj.不情愿;不愿意_legalillegalillegallyhopefulhopehopefullyhopelessviolence
5、violentequalequalityunequalequallywillingwillinglywillingnessunwilling12.公平的,公正的adj._不公平的,不公正的adj._n.公正性;公平_13.教育,训练v._ 教育n._有教养的, 受过教育的adj._14.请求;乞求v. 乞丐n._15. n.恐惧_ adj.恐怖的_n.恐怖主义_ n.恐怖分子_16.n.残忍,残酷_adj.残忍的,残酷的_adv.残忍地,残酷地_17.n. 报酬;奖金 vt.酬劳;奖赏 值得做的;有价值的 adj. fairunfairfairnesseducateeducationeduca
6、tedbegbeggarterrorterribleterrorismterroristcrueltycruelcruellyrewardrewarding1. 事实上2. 使充气；爆炸3. 求助于；致力于4. 当权；上台5. 建立；设立6. 处在困境/麻烦中7. 丧失勇气或信心 as a matter of fact blow up turn to come to power set up in trouble lose heart 8. 担心9. 失业10. 把投入监狱11. 被判处(徒刑)12. 犯法13. 反对，与做斗争14. 着陆15. 很乐意做 16. 摆脱，逃脱做 worry a
7、bout out of work putinto prison be sentenced to break the law fight against land on be willing to escape from 1.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _ _ I went for advice.2.He was generous with his time, _ _ I was grateful.3.However, this was a time _ one had got to have a passbook to liv
8、e in Johannesburg.4. The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.5.only then _ we _ (decide) to answer violence with violence.to whomfor which whendiddecidewhen 根据课文Elias Story完成下列短文Nelson Mandela，_(bear)on July 18, 1918, is the _(one)black president of South Africa.
9、 He studied law_ he entered university. Then in 1952 he set up _ law office to help poor black people. Because of his fight _ the government and anti-black laws，he_(sentence) to five years of hard labour. After that he formed ANC Youth League. Fighters from ANC began _(blow)up buildings in 1963 and
10、he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island. Twenty seven years _(late), he was freed by the white government. bornfirstafteraagainstwas sentencedto blow/blowinglaterIn 1993 he was made president of South Africa _ the government by and for the black people was _(final)set up.Nelson Mandel
11、a was really a great man!andfinally 1. quality nU&C 质量，品质，特征 Customers prefer buying superior quality products at a reasonable price. 顾客喜欢购买物美价廉的产品。 The shoes are of good design and high quality. 这双鞋样式新颖，质量上乘。qualify vt. 使(某人)具有资格qualified adj. 称职的，合格的qualification n. 资格，资历(1)质量对于一个企业来说是非常重要的。 Quali
12、ty means a lot to a business.(2)如今，老师们更注重素质教育。 Nowadays, teachers pay more attention to _.quality education(3)他是粗鲁了一点，但还是有许多优秀品质。 He has many _ despite his apparent rudeness.good qualities2. devote vt.献身；专心于 Ive decided to devote myself to the nation after finishing my study. 我已经决定学成后报效祖国。devoted ad
13、j. 忠实的；深爱的devotion n挚爱；关爱；关照(1) devote oneself/ones energy / time / attention to (doing) sth. 奉献于；献身于(2) be devoted to. 献身于；专心于；热爱；喜欢He was still devoted to the study of history. (1)她是一位贤妻良母。 She is a good wife and a _mother.(2)她全身心投入工作，几乎没有闲暇。 Her _ her job left her with very little timedevoteddevo
14、tion to(3)他把毕生精力都奉献在做科学研究上。 He devoted his whole life to doing scientific research.(4)Her son, to whom she _ so _(深爱), went abroad last year, leaving her alone in the small village.devotedis(5) Miss White，a _ friend of mine，_ all her energy to her career and her _ to the children made us vote for he
15、r.(6)他把所有的时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。 He has devoted all of his time and energy to finding the cure for the disease. devoteddevoteddevotion【即时应用】Li Hua is my (1)_ (忠实的) friend. Since graduation, he (2)_ (致力于) improving the education of the local people. He (3)_(花费) a lot of time _ raising money to build
16、more schools. Sometimes he devoted himself to (4) _(teach) in a school. His (5) _ (热爱) to his work touched the people deeply.devotedhas been devoted to/has devoted himself todevotedtoteachingdevotion3.vote vt.& vi.投票; 选举 n投票; 选票; 表决Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.(P34)黑人没有选举权, 他们
17、无权选择他们的领导人。 1)The US Presidential election of 2012 ended on Nov 9, and more than half of Americans voted for Obama.2012年美国总统竞选11月9号结束，超过一半的美国人投票赞成奥巴马。 2)There were 400 votes for Mr. Black, and 350 against.400票支持布莱克先生，350票反对。vote for 投票赞成vote against 投票反对vote on 投票表决vote to do sth. 倡议/建议做某事votesvote
18、for vote on (4)The low-income people _(投票反对)increasing the personal income tax, thinking that it would make them poorer.(5)He was voted the most promising new director.他当选为最有前途的新导演。(6)演讲结束后，我们投票选班长。 With the speeches finished, we voted to choose the monitor.(7)Now that we cant agree with each other，
19、well have to _(投票表决).voted againstvote on it教材原句But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。4. equal (1)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于;与相等;有的能力; 胜任(2)A equals B in . A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)be without equ
20、al/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌(4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地;同等地;均等地 一句多译在处理这类问题(case)上, 汤姆和约翰的能力是一样的。1_ (equal adj.)2_ (equal v) Tom is equal to John in the ability of dealing with such cases. Tom equals John in the ability of dealing with such cases.1. Three plus two equals five.Three plus two _ fiv
21、e. 2. Women and men have _ rights. 3. With his last jump he _ the world record. 他的最后一跳平了世界记录。4. All men _. 人人生而平等。5. They share the housework _.6.I _(不能胜任) the job. 7. He _me in strength but not in intelligence. 他和我力气相当，但智力不同。8.He is a player_(无与伦比).is equal toequaledare born equalequalequallyam not
22、 equal toequalswithout equal(1) None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. 不管是外貌还是在舞艺上我们没有人比得上她。(2)他的画在西方世界首屈一指。 His paintings are without equal/ have no equal in the western world.(3)No one could be his equal at telling a story. (4)1磅约等于500克。 A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.n(
23、get free)逃, 逃亡, 逃跑vi. (to avoid capture, danger, or harm)逃脱, 避开vt. (get free of) 逃避, 摆脱5. escape 一句多译你逃避了惩罚，真幸运。1. You were lucky .2 . Luckily, you .escaped being punishedto escape punishment【温馨提示】(1)escape vt.指逃避或躲避监禁或管制等不愉快的事(2) vi.指从监禁或管制等状态中逃脱或逃走，(3) 其后接介词from 。 He escaped prison. 他躲避了监禁 。 (即本该入
24、狱但逃避了)(1) He escaped from prison.(2) 他越狱了 。 (即已经入狱但逃走了)(3)escape death/ ones attention/ the police死里逃生/ /逃过某人的注意/ / 躲避警方escape from the fire/ reality火中逃生/ /逃避现实【活学活用】(1)They tried their best _ (从燃烧的大楼中逃出来)(2)Theres no way to _(逃避做这项工作)(3)I _(幸免于难) from death.(4)The thief _(逃跑了)by jumping a car.(5)If
25、 he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.如果他认为坐在后排就不会引起注意，那么他就错了。 to escape from the burning building escape doing the work had a narrow escape made his escape【单句改错】(1)My deskmate narrowly escaped hurt in the car accident._(2)The thief made his escaping by jumping i
26、nto a passing car._【答案】(1)escaped后加being(2)escapingescape 6. reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt.奖赏，报酬 They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。 in reward (for) 作为回报 as a re
27、ward for 作为对的报酬 give / offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而给某人奖赏reward sb. with sth. 用酬谢某人reward sb. for (doing) sth. 为某事而酬谢某人一句多译我送给他一本书来答谢他的帮助。1. I gave him a book . (reward n)2. , I gave him a book. (reward n)3. I _ his help. (reward v.)As a reward for his helpin reward for his helprewarded him wi
28、th a book for根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)Larry praised her and was rewarded with a smile.拉里表扬她，她则报以微笑。(2)他们会因所做的努力而得到回报的。 They _ what they have done.will be rewarded for(3) _passing her exams, she got a new bike from her parents.(4)我该怎样报答你的种种帮助？ How can _ all your help?I reward you forAs a reward for(5) He _the
29、 boy_ 1 for bringing back the lost dog.(6) Tom _ for having saved an old man _ a cash bonus.rewardedwithwas rewardedwith award, reward名词动词awardreward奖品,奖金,与prize用法相似报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.award sth. to sb.多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth.完成句子 (1)The fireman
30、received a _ for saving the childs life. (2)How can I _ you for your kindness? (3)She was _ the first prize/the best actress. (4)他获得二等奖。 He won the second award/prize.(5)Mo Yan was _ the Nobel Literature Prize in 2012.rewardawardedrewardawarded1. out of work/a job 失业 The number of people out of work
31、 is greater than it was before. 失业的人数比以前多了。He must face the reality of being out of work.他必须正视失业这一现实。at work 在上班after work 下班后go to work 去上班用以上短语完成句子(1)He lost his job the year before last, that is to say, he has been _ for nearly two years.(2)He had an accident _(在工作中).out of workat work (3)She oft
32、en devotes her time to reading _ (下班后).after work归纳拓展:out of patience 没有耐心out of ones reach 够不着out of control 失去控制out of temper 发脾气out of breath 气喘吁吁out of mind 心不在焉out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒out of date 过时out of danger 脱离危险Out of sight，out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的1)
33、The style of the dress is _.2)After the fourth operation, the patient has been _.3)The plane was _ and crashed in the farmland. 4)It is _ that he will keep his promise.out of date out of danger out of control out of question out of habit 出于习惯out of respect 出于尊重out of curiosity 出于好奇 2. in trouble 处于困
34、境中，有麻烦 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P35) 当伊莱亚斯遇到麻烦时,他就去见纳尔逊曼德拉。take great trouble to do sth. 不辞劳苦做have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难get into trouble 遇到麻烦be/get out of trouble 摆脱困境ask for/ look for/ borrow trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃make trouble 制造麻烦(1)他乐于帮助那些有困难的人。 He is ready to
35、help those (who are) in trouble.(2)别带孩子们去度假了，他们老是惹麻烦。 Dont take the children on holiday; _.they are always making trouble (3)你在这里找路难吗？ Did you _ your way here? (4)你一定费了很大劲才解出这道数学难题。 You _ to work out this math problem.have any trouble findingmust have taken a lot of trouble完成句子你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。You
36、 cant imagine the trouble _him to change his mind.谢谢你不辞劳苦的帮助我们。Thanks for the trouble you have _ us.You are always getting yourself in trouble. 你总是给自己找麻烦。I had in persuadingtaken to help3. turn to 求助于，致力于 Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal? (P35) 为什么纳尔逊曼德拉转而
37、使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？She has nobody she can turn to.turn to sb. for help/comfort 求助某人/寻求安慰归纳拓展turn around/ round 转过身，转过来turn back 折回；掉转头; 原路返回turn on 旋开 turn off 关掉turn up (把音量)开大；出现turn down 关小(音量等) ；拒绝turninto 把变成turn over 翻转；翻过来turn against 背叛turn in 上交turn out 结果是(1) Ten years of prison had turned him
38、_ an old man.(2)The job turned _ to be harder than I thought.(3)Its time to turn _ your papers.(4)Please turn _ the volume. Its so noisy.(5)We arranged to meet at 7 oclock, but she never turn _ .(6)The weather was so bad that they had to turn _.(7) I will turn _ Ben when Im in trouble.(8) I had my p
39、roposal _ again.outintoindownupbacktoturned down语境串记This morning, my grandmother turned on the radio to listen to news as usual. She felt she could not hear clearly, so she turned it up. But it was no use. She had to turn to my father for help. I saw my father turned off the radio and turned it over
40、 to see what was wrong. It turned out that the button didnt work any more. My father repaired it and told my grandmother to turn down the radio, for the neighbors little baby was asleep at the time.今天早上，祖母像往常一样打开收音机听新闻。她感觉听不清楚，便把声音开大，但是没起作用，她只得求助于我父亲。我看到父亲关掉了收音机并翻过来看哪里出了问题，原来是旋钮出错了。我父亲修好旋钮后让祖母把声音调小，
41、因为这个时候邻家的小孩子在睡觉。 4. lose heart 灰心，丧失信心 No matter how complex things are, dont lose heart! lose hope 绝望lose courage 丧失勇气lose face 丢脸；受委屈 lose ones way 迷路lose ones heart to 爱上某人break ones heart 伤某人的心from the bottom of ones heart 从某人的心底put ones heart into 全身心地投入heart and soul 全心全意地learn . by heart 记住，背
42、诵(1)面对失败时，不要灰心。 Dont lose heart when you are in the face of failure.(2)即使失败他也从没有绝望过。 He never loses hope even when he fails.(3)接二连三的失败并没有使他丧失勇气。 The repeated failure did not make him _.(4)当他们第一次见面时，他就爱上了她。 He _her when they met for the first time. =He fell into love with her at first sight.lose cour
43、age lost his heart to (5)事实上，世上无难事，只怕有心人。 As a matter of fact, nothing is too difficult if you _ it.(6)毛主席教导我们全心全意为人民服务。 Chairman Mao teaches us to serve the people . put your heart into heart and soul5. come to power上台，执政；当权I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to
44、power in 1994.在曼德拉和非国大青年联盟于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没工作。(1)阿道夫希特勒什么时候开始在德国当权的？ When did Adolf Hitler come to power in Germany?(2)自从新经理上台之后，项目就不归我们管了。 The project is off our hands .【活学活用】come to power为非延续性动词, 不可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，而(be) in power表示状态，则可与表示一段时间的状语连用。【温馨提示】 since the new manager came to power这个政党执政有4年
45、了。The party came to power 4 years ago. The party has been in power for 4 years. 6. set up 设立，创建，建立 Originally, the charity was set up to help orphans in urban areas. 最开始, 这个慈善机构成立的目的是帮助城市里的孤儿。 根据汉语意思，完成英文句子(1)他们正在筹款为村里的孩子建一所学校。 They are raising money to _for the children in the village.(2)为研究某一专门问题成
46、立了一个委员会。 A committee _to study a particular problem.set up a schoolwas set up1He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969年7月，他成了第一个登上月球的人。句型：the first/second/(n.) to do sth. 第一个/第二个/第做某事的人。 模仿造句1)奥巴马是第一个当选为美国总统的黑人。Obama is the first black person to be elected as president of the US.2
47、) 他总是第一个到教室,但却是最后一个离开的。He is always the first to come to the classroom，but the last to leave.2. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the school, 在从句充当地点状语。试比较以下句子： (1)This is the school (that/ which) I visited last year. 这就是我
48、去年去过的那个学校。 (2)This is the school where my sister studies. 这就是我妹妹上学的那个学校。结论：当表地点的名词在定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作状语时，用where引导定语从句，如(2)；如果表地点的名词在定语从句中作先行词并在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，则用which 或that，如果先行词在从句中充当的是宾语 则which和that 还可以省略，如(1)。用适当的引导词填空 我工作的那家公司离我的住处不远。 (1)The company _ I work isnt far from my living place. (2)The comp
49、any _ I work for isnt far from my living place.wherethat/which/不填 3. we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。“介词关系代词which”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。1.Ill never forget the days_we
50、 worked. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place _ I worked years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况vt.vt.vt.“介词关
51、系代词”中的介词的选定有两个原则:1.看从句中的动词和哪个介词可以构成固定搭配；二二2.看从句中需要哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。 在办公室, 5点半之前我似乎从来都没有时间，而到这个时候许多人都到家了。 In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30, _many people have got home. by which 在漆黑的街上，没有一个人她可以求助。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _she could turn for help. 用适当的介词填空:1.
52、The reason _ which he was late for school was unbelievable.2.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer _ whom I went for advice.3.He was generous with his time, _ I was grateful.fortofor whichto whom4. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress
53、, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去的三十年见证了最大数量的法律阻止我们权利和进步的情况，直到今天我们已经到了几乎没有任何权利的境地。case, situation, position, point, stage等名词作先行词时，若后起定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，用where 或 “介词which”引导定语从句.1.你能想出一个这个单词可以使用的情况吗？Can you think of a situation where this word can be used? 2.
54、Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.3.There are some cases where this rule does not apply. 有些情况下这个规则是不适用的。某些动词(see, find, witness等) 主语有时不是人而是物, 即拟人用法, 使句子生动。 This old house has seen good days.这座老房子目睹了那些好日子。 Dusk found a boy crying in the street.黄昏时一个小男孩
55、在街边哭。 Oct 1,1949 saw/ witnessed the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China.1949年10月1日见证了中华人民共和国的成立。see 在此句意为“见证,目睹”；(在某段时期)发生(某情况),经历,经受; 为某事发生之时，主语为时间。5. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。当句子中only置于句首，其后接状语，句子谓语部分倒装，即将助动词，情态动词和be动词置于主语之前。Only in this
56、way can you solve the problem.Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again.Only when we studied the data did we realize the mistakes.(1)他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。Only by shouting peopleon the other side of the river hear him.(2)只有当他来时，你才能离开。Only when he comes.(3)只有他才能回答这个问题。Only he .(4)直到
57、那时他才意识到自己错了。 he was wrong.完成句子 was he able to makecan you leavecould answer the questionOnly then did he realize6. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次我向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。句型：“the first/second/last time从句” “某人第一次/第二次/最后一次的时候”归纳拓展类似的用法还有：every / each time 每次/回就(the)next time 下次时(the) last time (上次)(the first time中的冠词通常不能省略)【温馨提示】(1) for the first time是介词短语,只可用作状语。(2)有时副词也可充当连词, 引导时间状语从句，它们是 instantly, immediately, directly 等, 相当于as soon as, 从句用一般过去时。每一次我遇到麻烦, 他都会来帮我。Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.
