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1、定语从句定语从句(1)Attributiveclauses1Step1:开篇语开篇语1.定语从句是英语语法的重点，在文章的阅读中有着举定语从句是英语语法的重点，在文章的阅读中有着举足轻重的地位，本课将从定语，先行词，关系词等核足轻重的地位，本课将从定语，先行词，关系词等核心概念为你耐心讲解；心概念为你耐心讲解；2.关系代词关系代词that/which/who/whom在句中作什么成分？在句中作什么成分？是否可以省略，本课通过典型例题为你支高招；是否可以省略，本课通过典型例题为你支高招；2Step2: RevisionI donotknowhowtodealwithit.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语
2、宾语主语主语subject-表示句子所说的是表示句子所说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么什么事物事物”，也就是，也就是动作的发出者动作的发出者。谓语谓语predicate-说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”“是什么是什么”或者或者“怎么样怎么样”，也就是做了什么行为动也就是做了什么行为动作或作或处于什么状态处于什么状态。宾语宾语object-表示表示动作、行为的对象动作、行为的对象，也就是动作的接，也就是动作的接受者。受者。Coloursinfluenceourmoods.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语3Step3: LeadinPlease guess the Chinese meaning of
3、 the following proverbs(谚语) : 1.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.3.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Tips:在平时的学习中请注意积累相关的谚语或成语，在平时的学习中请注意积累相关的谚语或成语，不仅可以掌握相关的语法结构，还可以灵活地运不仅可以掌握相关的语法结构，还可以灵活地运用到写作当中，给文章增色用到写作当中，给文章增色4Step4: Learn attributiveclauses5Task1:Learnsomekno
4、wledgeabouttheattributiveclauses 1.定语定语2.定语从句定语从句3.先行词和关系词先行词和关系词4.关系词的作用关系词的作用5.定语从句的结构定语从句的结构61.什么是定语什么是定语(attribute)？Ilikethe colours.Whichcolours? energetic7anancientcountrythecolourofwisdomthehigh-speedrailwayconnectingAtoBthepersonwhohasinfluencedmemost定语定语-是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常翻译成是对名词
5、或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子。汉语中常翻译成“的的”8前置定语前置定语-单词单词、或单个的分词单个的分词做定语时通常放在它 修饰的词之前做前置定语 1.Wu Wei is a born artist. 2.Tan Dun loves the sounds of the rushing water.后置定语后置定语-介词短语介词短语、分词短语分词短语和定语从句从句通常放在它所 修饰 的词之后，作后置定语 1.People in cold areas prefer warm colours in their homes.2.The Diary was written by a girl
6、 named Anne Frank.3.He care for the children who have lost their parents.4. The blood he has donated is enough to save over 70 lives.9I prefer the pencil. which one ?The pencil cost me 10 yuan.Iprefercostme10yuan.which/thatThe pencilthe pencil . .2.什么是定语从句什么是定语从句(attributiveclause)？定语从句定语从句-在复合句中修饰名
7、词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子10定语从句定语从句-在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子1.He never forgets the things he needs to do.2.You should pay no attention to those who laugh at you.3.He gave our TV to family who could not afford one. Tips:定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句,于是我们只要于是我们只要找到了被修饰的名词或代词，则修饰它的句子就是定语找到了被修饰的
8、名词或代词，则修饰它的句子就是定语从句。从句。113.什么是先行词和关系词？什么是先行词和关系词？12 My dad has a friend who/that is good at English.定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词who/that为关系代词，在从句中代替为关系代词，在从句中代替friend.先行词先行词 My dad has a friend. He is good at English. 3.先行词先行词是被定语从句所修饰的词是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名通常是名词或代词。词或代词。 4.关系词关系词 是引导定语从句的关联词，是引导定语从句的关联词，在从句中替代先行词。在
9、从句中替代先行词。注意注意:从句必须紧跟在先行词后。从句必须紧跟在先行词后。134.关系词关系词(relativepronoun)的作用是什么呢？的作用是什么呢？a引导定语从句；引导定语从句；b代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）；代替先行词（先行词的一个替代形式）； He wrote many books. The books sold well.- He wrote many books which/that sold well.c在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分-主语或宾语主语或宾语I dont like the man that/who is smoking.（主语）Th
10、is is the reply (that/which) Ive just received. (宾语)145.定语从句的结构定语从句的结构.先行词（名词先行词（名词/代词）代词）+关系代词（关系代词（who/which/that/whom)+ .1.Heneverforgetsthethingsthat/whichheneedstodo.2.Youshouldpaynoattentiontothosethat/wholaughatyou.3.Doyouknowtheteachersthat/whoaresittinginourclassroomnow?15Task2:Howtomakeaat
11、tributiveclause?16将两个句子合并成定语从句将两个句子合并成定语从句Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadinganarticle.ThearticleisaboutTom.Imreadinganarticlethat/whichisaboutTom.2.Sheisateacher.TheteacherteachesusEnglish.Sheisateacherthat/whoteachesusEnglish.3.Whereisthecoat?Youboughtitlastweek.Whereisthecoatwhich/thatyouboughtlastwe
12、ek? 1.找先行词找先行词 2.换关系换关系词 3.抄其余部分抄其余部分17Task3:Howtouserelativepronouns?如何使用关系代词如何使用关系代词that/which/who/whom？18which代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语代替事物，在从句中充当主语和宾语1.Icantfindtheletter.Thelettercamethismorning.2.Pleasegivemethebook.Thebookisabouttravel.3.Thisisthebag.Mymotherboughtitlastweek.4.Thehouseismadeofwood.Jac
13、kbuiltthehouse.Thisisthebagwhichmymotherboughtlastweek.Icantfindtheletterwhichcamethismorning.Pleasegivemethebookwhichisabouttravel.ThehousewhichJackbuiltismadeofwood. 关系代词在从句中作宾语时关系代词在从句中作宾语时,可以省略可以省略,做主语时做主语时,不能省略。不能省略。 / /thatthatthatthat/that19that代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。代替人，在从句中充当主语和宾语。1.Theboyiscalled
14、Tom.Theboybrokethewindow.TheboythatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.2.Mr.Liistheperson.Youtalkedwiththepersononthebus.Mr.Liuisthepersonthatyoutalkedwithonthebus.关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。/20who代替人代替人.在从句中可充当在从句中可充当主语。主语。Do you know the girl?which girl?1.The girl is running on the grass.2. The gir
15、l likes singing very much.1.Do you know is running on the grass.2.Do you know likes singing very much.whowhothe girlThe girlthe girlThe girl?21who/whom代替人代替人,在从句中充当宾语。在从句中充当宾语。 He is the man. I told you about him. He is the man I told you about . The man is a teacher. I saw the man just now. The man
16、 is a teacher. whoI saw just now whomthe manwhowhomhim.22指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhomSummary关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 How to use Relative pronouns?何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略23小结：小结：that既可指人，也可指物，作主语，既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which指物，作主语，不能省略；作指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略宾语，可以省略.who指人，作主语，不能省略；
17、作宾指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略语，可以省略,（常用（常用whom）24Task4强调特例强调特例25(1)当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词决定。1.Thosewhoagainsttheplanputupyourhands.(be)2.Themanwhonexttoourssellsvegetables.(live)3.Tomisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be)are liveswere 4.Tomistheonl
18、yoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(be)was26(2)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略，作主语则不可。主语则不可。1.Didyoureadthebook_Ilendtoyou?A.whoseB./C.whoD.what2.Didyoureadthebook_waspopularatthemoment.A.thatB./C.whoD.whatBA27（3）关系代词有时只能用）关系代词有时只能用that,不可用不可用which,初中常初中常见的有以下两种情况见的有以下两种情况Thatisth
19、emostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.2.先行词同时包括人或物时先行词同时包括人或物时1.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时28Task5:Doexercises29Exercise 1:1. The woman _ is in red is his mother. A. whom
20、 B. who C. whose D. which2. We saw a film _ was about an old story. A. when B. who C. that D. where3. I only eat food _ is healthy. A. that B. who C. where D. whose 4. I like singers _ different kinds of music. A. who plays B. who play C. who can plays D. whom plays30 The boy _ is standing under the
21、 tree is my friend Tom. He lives in a house _ stands on a hill. That little girl_ Tom often helps is his sister Mary. The bird _ is singing in the cage is Toms too. Bob is his dog _ Tom and Mary often play with. The dog is great. Yesterday he caught a thief _running away. Exercise 2: 用用who/whom/whic
22、h/that填空填空who/thatwhich/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/that31Exercise3:合并为定语从句合并为定语从句1.Thisisadream.Thisdreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamthat/whichwillnevercometrue.2.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost. Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound. 3.Heisagoodstudent.Teachersareproudofhim.Heisagood
23、studentthat/who/whomteachersareproudof.32Exercise4Tryyourbesttofindtheattributiveclausesinthetextwhichwehavelearnedthisterm.33老师寄语：老师寄语：1.Nothing is too difficult to the man wholl try. 世上无难事，只要肯登攀。世上无难事，只要肯登攀。2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后谁最美！谁笑在最后谁最美！34Step5:Homework1.Review what we have learned about the attributive clauses2. Write down the attributive clauses in the text which we have learned35
