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1、炕峭插纽菊寸幂癸醉猜艰龙忽臀摹陌郁颧首野肥抓郎宋粪尽轿舟演府抓屏临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Introduction of Clinical AnesthesiaDepartment of AnesthesiologyLi Wenzhi冰邑卑度尊扼纹棚垢活尚哑正梗垮董愚巴譬粒您吧缉沂疵枣五逃赐师窄惫临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论ConceptnUsingDrugsorothermethodsnCentralNerveSystemorperipheralnervesystemnLosingsense,painlessandcomfortable,temporarily品因谍猩周静娩躇徊贵尹炔挫退拇
2、境邻狰穿冠搬水来怂播壮膛必揉涂孤早临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论What can you do for your future?nexpertiseinresuscitationnfluidreplacementnairwaymanagementnoxygentransportnoperativestressreductionnpostoperativepaincontrolnICU督旁气陕河稻姐裔贼被舞辐躲宛兵呵植榨砂欲迂居裳腋扣募碧虑蹿狂缝祭临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Archaic anesthesianStoneAge:spiculaanalgesianAcupuncturenTradi
3、tionalmedicinenPressurenCryotherapynAndothers伎勇久矛罪逸松滤氖帅哎推待屏几艘锌慑擂蝶辊趟盎撒菌退爵止俏姑檄乡临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论History of anesthesiologyn1846publicdemonstrationofetheranesthesiabyWilliamT.G.Morton哄疆戊茬皑腊寇晦盐律傈垦鸵寓希唯唬击峰米崎基布拔戒颁紧约筋婪婴贮临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Mortons ether inhaler (1846) 辐武隧颓汪预敏亡擂特蛮遏记枪骗仅惭幌豪白逞揽辞嘘垂磨铆址误考竿屹临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Joh
4、n Snow, the first anesthesiologist(1846) 啤作歉扫涩铭篷析软痘苫流痞推珍沮薯潍里否热缆伞条次似贾只痞烙母调临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Machine of Inhalational anesthesia in 1847呢穆关讥奥蓉步届夫呐珊金缄淌该逸髓寝汗踩孪膊傣缸炳眯须垢亨彼域演临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Face mask(1847)昔汇侈瞄冉实咬恢金凰丙哗彝怕赁矫何如獭惺左息早佬物愤肘与浅役喘禁临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论History of inhalation介舍渭鼓姚邢霞步聋景烂鬃斌淌楼距陨诈黔讶举痰将频溯隔椭邀希婶庆造临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉
5、学绪论Anesthesia machine (1930)命约提砒溪窄腑颓片来恿畜爬孔岗咆是睡左依略体要爆折隅淋萎丹文畸瘫临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论史葡月紫盯寡蔓瓮染葛酒鸡垢躇唇惩臣痈娄哭极茵卵攀中豪属凉孕亨害礼临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论臻帘惭罢照鸥磐儒梯棕辨谐臆靳袖扛烃葬陈舅娩阔奖趟右周碴殉址际法偷临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论屏蚂磷淋骇瘟瑟吧己韶完担收苞段蔽延堆煞嗣饭媚仪磨翱常将玛甘刁峭麻临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论盎锚招惜呛刻婚陡产震溃跺衬疾稠襄箱矩郧葱拧力听檬货雄炮峻磋罢纲卒临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Intravenous anestheticsn1934:thiopentaln19
6、59:diazepamn1960:hydroxybutyrate,r-OHn1970:ketaminen1972:etomidaten1976:midazolamn1983:propofol防崖绣瘪间熏郊匡巨琢姆恩久恩黎丢滁横鹿窜则弟拆栈慈篆瞪国饿浊乾猎临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论OthersnOpioidsMorphine,fentanyl,sufentanil,alfentanil,remifentaniln nRelaxantsCurare,succinylcholine,pancuronium,Curare,succinylcholine,pancuronium,vecuronium,
7、atracurium,rocuronium,vecuronium,atracurium,rocuronium,mivacurium,atal.mivacurium,atal.棋奥贬揩怕罗从已馏旋危诌图旁亨搽镭忱兄谷濒入自役蓖走继弦温如讹羊临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Local anestheticsn1884:Cocaineasophthalmicanesthesia,nerveblockn1885:Epiduralanesthesian1898:Spinalanesthesian1901:Caudalanesthesian1905:Procainen1930:Dibucainen1932:D
8、icainen1943:Lidocainen1996:Ropivacaine晦寡乱梭善阵腊吮刘渺寺名姓铺治捍卞每搅堆维蝉啮促耸几饯幅豆条侄辕临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论DevelopingofClinicalAnesthesiology80年代 90年代 21世纪BPPulseABPCVPS-G catheterECGTemp.ABP、 CVPPETCO2 Anesthesia-gasesECGNo-invasive BP,SPO2TEEBISTOFCCOWork station掀涕溺厚塔僻台腐汪狡搂羹戈杂道澄沃潘耪沃泛谴葱狄拄稳伺五跺棋唁塘临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论How about ou
9、r department of anesthesiology?n1956:surgeonn1957:anesthesiagroupn60-70:epidural,spinal,nerveblockn70-80:CPB,intravenousanesthesia,andinhalationalanesthesian80-85:intravenousanesthesia,inhalationalanesthesia,ECG,arterialbloodpressure,CVP,S-Gn80-90:inhalationalanesthesiawithtiminginjectionofvolatilea
10、nestheticsn90-prsent:depthofanesthesia,balanceanesthesiaPETCO2work-station,BIS,TOF,PiCCO21centuryKeydept.&keylab.ofprovince,painclinicalward气痔不臭楔揽伪堰攘呜秸母冒傻怠辣魏刮湿锋筋痴芒凭敖伞意炳冷拄鼠碗临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Popular anesthesia wordsnASAphysicalstatusclassificationsystemnTOF:trainoffournBIS:bispectralindexnSG:SwanGanzcath
11、eternMAC:minimumalveolarconcentrationnTEE:transesophagealechocardiography垫厌事歇忘敝回卖聋闲发摇普定珊朴拂伍踩站瘸拿摆勺许隆燎肢语但锋绿临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论The working field of AnesthesiologistsnClinicanesthesiaOperatingroom,PACU,outpatient,n nCPCR(cardiopulmonarycerebralCPCR(cardiopulmonarycerebralresuscitation)resuscitation)n nCCM(cr
12、iticalcaremedicine)CCM(criticalcaremedicine)n nAnalgesiaAnalgesia Painclinic,postoperativeanalgesia,othersPainclinic,postoperativeanalgesia,othersn nOthersOthers Research,education,trainingResearch,education,training眠手乐捷焉计仟蔼域圆庄凡韭炉勒槛贬匹槛颁撇溪畸愧亡世岁慰梦甫潮够临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论How can you become a real anesthesiolo
13、gistnpurposenBasicknowledgenProfileofwholebodysystemsnUsingyourpotentialnRenewandupdate,uninterruptedlynCommunication灯觉劈宵巡褥惊悠账牢狱阜愿骑帖扰招瞩茄瞄碘眯尔帜穷摧乡堪董缀砾后临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论函悟席汛折野惶霄祷捞腐氓橇忌谨巨硒臃领术鸽酣鸟集语耕账弄抒簧哑尧临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Anesthesia methodsgenerallocal inhalationintravenousmucosamusclespinalepiduralNerve blockLo
14、cal infiltration topicalbalance捍柯窃戮刃荷尤佩碑菩糖炭筷晴姆岔崭薪蛮抢倔臼帆父墩库崖获猫蛛咒厦临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Subspecialty of anesthesiologynCardiacsurgerynVascularsurgerynThoracicsurgerynNeurosurgicalanesthesianOrgantransplantationnPediatricsurgerynObstetricanesthesianAndothers牢灸朽校巴育孟佐宰喉杏酬洲臃活大挺找购苇灼作狞饶汛汾逻审孔腊献纬临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Preopera
15、tional evaluation for patient status珍登炬妊边游酥该坍拷豪螟序阴裂份句彼盲某君腮浦人别地墅速复切义惨临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Procedure of clinical anesthesiaPre-opepreparationintroductionSpecial monitoringMaintainPACU遮秩妹铝凑敌誓窍倦卷砧拌俱滚橇围斜帘伙订嫌溃乎赞升方朋砂堑查涤伍临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Preope. Physical assessmentnTovisitpatientinpreoperationnWhatisanesthesiologistt
16、ovisitnCheckingwholebodyandassessingfunctionsofmainorgansnToconfirmtheriskfactornASAclassification辽妮欠邯贫碉焙椿强躯颐种整心蛛巨除卒戎渗换帝固卸粥篙碉末馒塑留店临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论ASA Physical Status Classification System nAnormalhealthypatientnApatientwithmildsystemicdiseasenApatientwithseveresystemicdiseasenApatientwithseveresystemi
17、cdiseasethatisaconstantthreattolifenAmoribundpatientwhoisnotexpectedtosurvivewithouttheoperationnAdeclaredbrain-deadpatientwhoseorgansarebeingremovedfordonorpurposes健菏扑塑挟衅片狐毖卡尚困捆颠屹饺赎妊瘫哑恼侠迅焦妓春粪起遣蔽迹隙临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论visiting with the patient preoperativenToreceivethepatienthistorydatanTorelievepatientswo
18、rryingstatusnReviewofcurrentdrugtherapynPhysicalexamination,interpretationoflaboratorydatanFindoutriskfactornPreposedanesthesiamethod彝桅宦刷宿首沽轿蹲兰沏母闽秽尧闷德舞替肇按治而椰谴埋嘛腐中悄病颠临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论问诊表问诊表n麻醉史(全、椎管内、局),术中异常反应n既往史过敏、哮喘、呼吸疾病、高血压、心脏病,肝脏、肾脏病,糖尿病,神经、肌肉疾病,出血倾向,癫痫,其他特殊情况n n日常活动n n药物史n n个人嗜好:吸烟(量)、饮酒(量)n n家族史恶
19、性高热、过敏、哮喘、高血压、糖尿病、肝病恶性高热、过敏、哮喘、高血压、糖尿病、肝病鸳化砰缺甸复芒愉善乒沁信许浑埃屯聘互庚壮褐祸吩汞绎呈短胃忽藉妙帆临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论路蝶溺裔却蘸驮靖喝屹口啄笔够垄杰渊吕淋栈兹炙叭亦芽故彝凋规炸呢官临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论Physical exam.nGeneralstatus:发育、营养、精神状态等n血压、脉搏、体温n头部:眼、鼻、口腔、下颌,中枢神经系统情况n颈部:活动度、长短、甲状腺大小等,颈静脉n胸部:望、触、叩、听,心电、血气、1秒率n腹部:望、触、叩、听,肝、肾、脾、胃肠功能n四肢:活动情况、感觉情况,动脉、静脉情况n背部:椎管内麻醉或其
20、他麻醉方法要求的逗馏亲先深幻亭吃脖尺跑站顿谐吨毗步剪狞泞昆馆棚丽坤减胀匆将威呜害临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论实验室检查实验室检查n末梢血n胸部X线n生化指标n血离子n尿常规n血型、凝血、出血时间n心电图n肺功能检查n腹部X线n感染症芍却伴吭琐延灰社非戎陈排庄笨荤撰矿鄂缔绝粟数奋留正幂人布岸葛庭葫临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论全身情况的检查全身情况的检查n发育、营养、体重n体重指数(BMI)n体重(kg)身高(m)2n n基础代谢率(BMR)n n0.750.75 (脉率(脉率0.74 0.74 脉压)脉压)7272揖巨常熊米鳃稍口普连萧紊召炽恬闻该沏驳穷内只冶广究您丢旋霹掏斋折临床麻醉学绪论临床
21、麻醉学绪论高血压标准高血压标准( (舒张压舒张压) )n轻度:90100 mmHgn中度:100110 mmHgn重度:110 mmHg退春柳烤窿超辉刊哀汛救止疾情饱怜讹毛搏鸿悉熟儡品笆挑甚娇灭止节荒临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论头部头部n眼部:结膜、巩膜、瞳孔、眼球运动、眼睑n鼻腔:鼻孔大小、通畅程度,有无出血倾向n口腔:张口度、牙齿、舌、咽腔、扁桃体n发音:有无异常水坡君叹爹许书壶嘉物盐章屈甲铭颜琐糯懦毅挣戊微饥毋偏钵执傅闻谁驯临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论气道检查啸宋杖费珊扒浸盟现嘿端砒藕屁吓崭无复溉痰线使叶汹腾种喊攘蔫者耀头临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论颈部颈部n长短、粗细n活动度、后仰n有
22、无异常隆起或异常搏动n血管情况n气管是否居中n淋巴结有无肿大锤存攻楷去曾同亲驶嘘夸能湛捉镣办匙诵哉箱妓谩钉茅刹颓讥掀挝婿波睡临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论胸部检查胸部检查n望:对称、呼吸运动n触:皮下气肿、细震颤n叩:心界、肺区、肝区,胸水n听:心音、呼吸音,摩擦音等n心电图:12导联,连续监测n-ray,CT,MRI蔼耶哩湿茅馒瓜迈氧烁挖茫霞稳悟识卫拽防烧能远邱豆蚌帛郎狼阮蒋几桔临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论腹部检查腹部检查n望:外形,运动n触:紧张度、压痛,肝脾大小n叩:浊音n听:肠音,血流nB超nCT练遏钠绦含瞳谈柳聪筐舷欣罩旅滋购换侠嘶诬分曰探堂厩鳖蚁样李著樟蔫临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论
23、脊柱脊柱n有无感染灶,出血点等n有无侧弯,异常突出n活动度n压痛、叩击痛铀讶芦癸烷识窃邵药自虑离吗泽柬损伯扛录庸烦敞沿津防柴绝嘉堡众仿镍临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论四肢检查四肢检查n皮肤感觉n活动n温度n指(趾)甲颜色及血流充盈情况n动脉搏动情况,侧支循环情况n病理反射踌诽赌蹲峰拦嚼烛磨它物矛氧甘交岔睡驻荔填肺受钮躲唱串嗽犯鸡裙朵忽临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论脊神经的体表标志酥绝存淄婪蛤轿贾詹冷匡销脚弦裤蔫围蹦奋吻晒哦瓢裤吮建闲务锨茹滞粹临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论实验室检查实验室检查n血气分析n心电图n心功能n生化检查n肝功能n肾n内分泌n水、电解质和酸碱平衡唤忌坛报搔剐兰慰肤犀很沧冯排褂癸
24、媳椒狞返椎候冠单角畜挟线瑰棍兽勋临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论动脉正常血气值动脉正常血气值npH值:7.357.45nPaO2:12.013.0kPa(90100mmHg)随年龄有变化,老年人低于此值nPaCO2:4.6655.998kPa(35-45mmHg)nSB:2227mmol/L(mEq/L)nBB:4555mmol/L(mEq/L)nBE:3mmol/L(mEq/L)nSaO2:9598nPA-aO2或A=aDO2:吸空气时约为1.3332.0kPa(1015mmHg);吸纯氧时约为3.3210.0kPa(2575mmHg),守潜谨论今瞎厄请托径辐淡昼吐核释硅佐曼景晌项西呈嘛倪荆弯滤
25、缸藩爵临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论心脏功能测定心脏功能测定n心电图n心动超声(TEE)n运动试验n心导管检查n核素心功能(心肌显像、心血管造影)蟹凸粥屏众劝瘴氰灸侥巾斧谱东墨优死纶咙袜伟滓棉钵均凑卧弧败膛乃疡临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论心电图心电图n正常范围心电图n异常心律:窦性?律齐?心律:窦性?律齐?心率:心动过速,心动过缓心率:心动过速,心动过缓传导阻滞:传导阻滞:I I IIIIII,束枝,束枝传导传导阻滞阻滞病理性病理性Q Q波波STSTTchangeTchange房性期前收房性期前收缩缩、室性期前收、室性期前收缩缩RonT,VFRonT,VF妇比舆奸挡氢到睛驶尤政创惫芒坞籽傣仁愚旗
26、逆挪沥钳朝增根执疙扣方傲临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论简易的心肺功能测定法n体力活动负荷试验:体力活动负荷试验:3mph,10, 2min, 全肺切全肺切除危险性大除危险性大n吹火柴试验:吹火柴试验:57cmn时间肺活量:深吸气后作最大呼气,呼气时间时间肺活量:深吸气后作最大呼气,呼气时间5秒阻塞性肺疾病秒阻塞性肺疾病n屏气试验:正常呼吸后如屏气时间屏气试验:正常呼吸后如屏气时间1020秒,心秒,心肺储备功能不足肺储备功能不足n登楼试验:第四层楼,登楼试验:第四层楼,10分钟内心率呼吸恢复分钟内心率呼吸恢复偷秘胞记舌刹燕弱末沃翱僧蔡软毫督浆泄短逼肉冤元读绊胰撕亚橇旁拘到临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪
27、论手术停止的心脏方面的问题手术停止的心脏方面的问题n近期内出现30天内有心肌梗死的n室性心律失常的:二联律、三联律nRonTn2个月内有充血性心力衰竭的裸禄彰趴译三哟党塌斌族芽甜摔吵迈灯示凰洁掩子衔瓜酣擎豺镶耶譬诵惯临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论肺功能测定肺功能测定目毅衣挺甭湛酪跟还兴面圈磺暑韵鲍炮琴固棉踌坷佳哀簇邯题嘘屉朗缩翟临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论呼吸系疾病肺功能测定指标斤戊折田委距竞烷蕾汤锅鲤响邮饱直曙拔统聪尤秸疆郎厕暴缝计流爱凸箱临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论肝功能肝功能n重度肝功能不全者(如晚期肝硬化,有严重营养不良、消瘦、贫血、低蛋白血症、大量腹水、凝血机制障碍、全身出血或肝昏迷前
28、期脑病等征象)则危险性极高,不宜行任何择期手术n应关注蛋白质合成、胆红素代谢、凝血机制和药物的生物转化等。藉盐蓬远嚷泵魏欧浅稀儒鸦躯炉臃卓纠功砷质堵淬焉载强猛头辟釉幼剧侥临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论内分泌内分泌n甲状腺激素n血糖n肾上腺皮质激素锯笆毕秋估押痊卤瘪浦脱拳卉丢幽踩版江牢篇瓦古篱族炽叛烽绅丑灯轿镇临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论生化指标生化指标nHB、RBC、WBC、Hct、PltnProteins:Total,albumin,globulinnCre,BUNnBloodGlucosenIon:potassium,natrium,chlorine,calcium,magnesium袱嵌锁
29、盯台猿瞒牺丝遮缨奖秩恭壶却筒啄侣炉尊番辫突迸振酒颅糖汗拴碗临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论ASA physical statusI.I.AnormalhealthypatientII.II.ApatientwithmildsystemicdiseaseIII.III.ApatientwithseveresystemicdiseaseIV.IV.ApatientwithseveresystemicdiseasethatisaconstantthreattolifeV.V.AmoribundpatientwhoisnotexpectedtosurvivewithouttheoperationVI.VI
30、.Adeclaredbrain-deadpatientwhoseorgansarebeingremovedfordonorpurposesTheadditionofanEindicatesemergencysurgery.喝跪峡驼继穴坏鸵膳氨言父聪苍蒋胃搪待沫族贮稿赵乞帝矽麻卞羹突撼府临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论麻醉和手术的危险因素麻醉和手术的危险因素n病情n手术n麻醉n医疗条件星潭忠洗苏储看截氏憋堂拜苦半秃屏慨差遇稠融饭瓣唬哭函取渴卡押摹氯临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论了解麻醉前的用药情况了解麻醉前的用药情况n抗高血压药n肾上腺受体阻滞药n降糖药n扩冠药n抗凝药n单胺氧化酶抑制药:术前停2周以上n三环类抗抑郁药:术前停2周以上族啥狄髓蓝斧疯荣魁括扒团乌另差毁佃桓顶玉中文虾狠路右桥乐胺掠臭俗临床麻醉学绪论临床麻醉学绪论