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1、句子成分的翻译句子成分的翻译( (续续) )Lecture 5Lecture 5句子成分的翻译主语的译法谓语的译法表语的译法宾语的译法定语的译法状语的译法宾语的译法直译（练习p272）转译成汉语的主语Have的宾语转译成汉语的主语介词的宾语转译成汉语的主语练习p273转译成汉语的谓语（名词转译成动词）练习P273-18练习p272The iron in the ship caused a deviation of the magnetic needle of the compass.船体里的铁引起指南针磁针的偏离。All moving bodies have energy.所有运动的物体都具有
2、能量。介词的宾语转译成汉语的主语Automatic lathes(车床)perform basically similar functions but appear in a variety of forms. 各种自动车床的作用基本相同，但形式不同 Have的宾语转译成汉语的主语Have 作谓语的句子中，其宾语常常为了符合表达习惯转译成汉语的主语，而原句的主语相应的转译成译文中主语的定语。见P265-（2）Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes.好钟的钟摆可以
3、自动补偿温度的变化。练习p273A radio antenna should have a physical size of one-half wavelength or more.无线电天线的实际尺寸实际尺寸应为半个波长或更大一些.Animals and plants have characters with variation.动植物的特性特性是可变的.Being small in size and light in weight, transistors have advantages over vacuum tubes.由于尺寸小，重量轻，晶体管的优点优点比真空管多。There are
4、 radioactive isotopes of every element, either those existing in nature or else chose activated artificially.每一元素每一元素都有放射性同位素，或是天然存在的，或是人工激活的。These problems are still of primary concern to present-day physicists.现代物理学家现代物理学家对这些问题仍然非常关心。转译成汉语的谓语英语中句子的宾语由由动词派生的名词/含动作意义的名词充当时，等往往可转译成汉语句子的谓语动词，原来修饰宾语的定语
5、转译为修饰谓语的状语 由动词派生的名词转译成动词Despite all the improvements, rubber still has a number of limitations.尽管改进改进了很多，但合成橡胶仍有一些缺陷。High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明表明具有准确性。Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear-arms
6、race had foundered on one point: U.S. insistence on the right to make on-site inspections of the Soviet strategic arsenal and Russias refusal.到一九七二年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝拒绝这样做。 The 1967 UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflict on the basis of
7、 Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israelis right to exist.一九六七年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决解决中东冲突。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭火箭已经用来探索探索宇宙。The president now is on a poverty tour.总统目前正在访问访问贫困地区。（名词短语a po
8、verty tour原句中作介宾，转译为动宾结构作谓语。）The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child.那轻轻的一吻，是一个象征，代表这个美国最著名的孩子已经长大成人了。（symbolic loss原是动宾结构，译文用名词“象征”作宾语，加上一个兼语式谓语“代表长大成人了”来处理。） 练习P273-18Manual fire alarm stations are installed on each floor at the stairs to be used for fire notificati
9、on by the building occupants.每层楼的楼梯处装有手动消防警报器，便于楼内住户通知通知火情。It all helps the claim that the raw material for life was imported from the clouds of space.所有这些都有助于说明说明形成生命的原料是从星际空间的尘云输入的。定语的译法直译（练习p274-19）倒译（后置定语）练习P274-20转译转译为主语练习p275-21转译为谓语转译为状语练习p277-23练习p274-19This muscle “balancing” can help postu
10、re and promote more efficient movement.这种肌肉的“平衡性”能帮助校正姿势，促进更有效的更有效的运动。Being a good insulator, rubber strongly resists current flow.橡胶是一种良好的良好的绝缘体，它能很好地阻止电流的通过。倒译Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books ,equipment and assistant ,that will ensure success in their scientific rese
11、arch. 现在已给该县科学家提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手，以保证科研工作的成功。转译为主语当There be 句型中的主语可以与动词或形容词相互转化或表示相关意义时,该主语转译为谓语,其后由of/about引出的后置定语的中的介词宾语转译为主语There had been too much publicity about their relationship.他们的关系他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨，人人皆知满城风雨，人人皆知了。If there is an excess of oxygen, the weed（焊缝）will be oxidized. （课本P278,更正:不是状语转译,是主语
12、的后置定语转译)如果氧气过多氧气过多，焊缝（金属）可能会被氧化。练习p275-21There are two different kinds of electricity, which we call positive electricity and negative electricity.电有两种：正电和负电。There are different forms of energy: heat energy, light energy, sound energy, mechanical energy and electrical energy, etc.能有各种不同的形式：热能、光能、声能、
13、机械能和电能等。There are two groups of metals: pure metals and their alloys.金属有两大类：纯金属及其合金。Have谓语句中宾语的定语转译成谓语参见课本P275Neutron has a mass slightly larger than that of proton. 中子的质量略大于大于质子的质量。练习276-22Mathematics has the same educational function as classics used to have. 数学现在所起的教育作用和过去古典著作一样一样。Copper has very
14、 high conductivity.铜的导电率很高高。There be句中宾语的后置分词/不定式定语转译成谓语参见课本P275练习22-3，4 When you turn a light or electric appliance off, there will be electric voltage built up at the switch, but no current will flow.当关上电灯或电器时，开关上有电压产生有电压产生，但是没有电流流动。It is a set of programs governing the way in which multimedia fil
15、es are created and displayed on the internet.它是一套程序，这些程序控制着因特网上多媒体文件的建立和展示的方式。练习P274-20The ability to control your quality level is important for desktop video producers.控制品质水平和能力对桌面视频制作者是十分重要的。Internal heat, trapped by the gases, fired up a protosun and ignited thermonuclear reactions.被气体封住的内部热量点燃原
16、太阳，激起热核反应。转译成状语当名词转译成动词时，其定语往往转译成修饰动词的状语当名词转译成动词时，其定语往往转译成修饰动词的状语，如：Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk.男人喜欢公开公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则喜欢两三个私下私下交流感情。In case of use without conditioning the electrode, frequent calibrations are requi
17、red.如果在使用前没有调节电极，则需要经常校定经常校定。The language allows a concise expression of arithmetic and logic processes. 这种语言能简要地表达简要地表达算术和逻辑过程。The experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the solubility.对确定溶解度来说，这次试验是绝对必要绝对必要的。These characteristics of nonmetal are of great importance.非金属的这些特性是非常重要的。非常重要的
18、。 转译成状语分词/不定式定语相当于定语从句的作用，而定语从句又往往可根据具体语境译成时间、条件、原因、让步等状语从句。参见P277练习p277-23In this book I have given special prominence to the laws that govern gravity.在这本书中，我特别强调了那些支配引力的定律。A brief description of how transistors are manufactured is given here.这里扼要地讲讲晶体管是如何制造的。 This type of spring is extensively use
19、d in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration.这种弹簧广泛地应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门地考察一下。In copper and most pure metals there is an appreciable increase in resistance with an increase in temperature.在铜和大多数纯金属里，随着温度的升高，电阻也会明显地增大明显地增大。When a new or repaired machine is about to be put into service,
20、a thorough examination for mechanical defects cannot be cancelled.一台新机器或修好的机器投入使用时，必须仔细检查有无机械缺陷。What worries nuclear physicists is the safe disposal of nuclear waste.令核物理学家担忧的是如何安全地处理核废料。状语的译法直译（参见P278）练习P278-24转译为主语练习P278-25转译为定语练习P278-24In order to keep the engine speed within the limits which it
21、was designed for, a device which is known as a governor is incorporated in the engine.为了把发动机的速度保持在设计的范围之内，发动机内装有一个叫做限速器的装置。Only a few metals are used commercially in their pure state. 只有少数几种金属以纯态被用在工商业上。The heat supply was inadequate to maintain the liquid at its boiling point.热的供给不足以使液体保持在其沸点。转译为主语
22、当”S+V+prep. Phrase”结构中, 尤其是被动句被动句中含介词“by”引导的方式状语、以及“from”等表示的其他状语时，将做状语的由by,in,for等引导的介词短语等引导的介词短语中的宾语中的宾语翻译成译文的主语,在此情况下,英语原文中的主语一般被翻译成宾语，有时增补泛指性的词语泛指性的词语（人们,大家等）作主语。如：Cold drinks will be available at the Sports Center.运动中心也运动中心也提供冷饮。Three-phase current should be used for large industrial equipments
23、.(p252-6)大型电动机大型电动机应当使用三相电流使用三相电流。Since numerical control was adopted at the power plant, the productivity has been raised greatly. 自从电厂采用数控电厂采用数控以来，生产率大大提高了。Arightkindoffuelisneededforanatomicreactor. 原子反应堆原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料燃料。练习P278-25Quasi-stars broadcast powerful radio waves which may vary in streng
24、th.类星体不断发出强大的无线电波,其强度强度可能各不相同.Induction motors are simple in design, sturdy(牢固)in construction.感应电动机设计简单设计简单,结构结构牢固.Above a certain critical temperature, steel will change in structure.超过某一临界温度,钢的结构结构便会发生变化.转译为定语参见课本p278, 279In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.他作文中的拼写错误很少。练习-26练习p279-26
25、In the atmosphere, the ratio by weight of the nitrogen and oxygen varies slightly about an average of 3:2:1. （建议还是译为状语，不需转译）大气中的氮和氧按重量的比例平均约为3：2。The temperature coefficient of the resistance is positive for metals and negative for semiconductors.金属的金属的电阻温度系数是正的，而半导体的半导体的是负的。summaryConversion of the part of speech in translationGo over the ppt. carefully
