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1、GRAMMAR AND USAGE 南京五中南京五中 方玉勇方玉勇 黄祖明黄祖明 LEAD-INT: What did you eat this morning?S1: I ate .T：What did S1 say, S2?S2: S1 said he/she ate.direct speechreported speechWe use direct speech to report what exactly has been said. If we write the speech down, the words will usually appear in quotation mark
2、s.1 Which one is direct speech and which one is reported speech? He said, I will go to school tomorrow. She told us something secret.2 Change the direct speech into reported speech. She said, This film is quite interesting. Finish the project tomorrow. he said to me.(direct speech)(reported speech)S
3、he said that that film was quite interesting.He asked me to finish the project the next day.(Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase.)WHAT SHOULD WE PAY ATTENTION TO?1 personal pronouns and tensee.g 1 Miss Yang said, I will buy a new dress. Miss Yang said that she would
4、 buy a new dress.Ex. Simon said, I wrote a letter.How to change the tense? Have a look. Simon said that he had written a letter.Direct Speech ReportedspeechDirect Speech ReportedspeechSimple presentSimple pastSimple futureFuture in the pastPresent continuousPast continuousPast perfectPast perfectSim
5、ple pastPast perfectPresent perfect continuousPastperfect continuousPresent perfectPast perfectPRACTICE: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH. 1 I havent brought my dictionary, the student said.2 Tom said to them, I will get excited.3 My father said to me, I am reading the book.The st
6、udent said that he hadnt brought his dictionary.Tom told them that he would get excited.My father told me that he was reading the book.WHAT SHOULD WE PAY ATTENTION TO?1 personal pronouns and tense2 adverbials of time and placee.g: He said, I lost a key here yesterday. He said that he had lost a key
7、there the day before/the previous day.Ex. I read the book here a week ago.Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book therea week before.learn more about itDirect speechReported speechtodaythe day/yesterday/on Monday,etc.tomorrowthe next day/the following day/on Friday, etcyesterdaythe
8、 day before/the previous day/on Tuesday,etcnext monththe month after/the following month/in July,etclast yearthe year before/the previous year, etc.a week agoa week before/a week earlier, etc.PRACTICE: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH. 1 I will come and see you again this evening,
9、 Tom. he said.2 I will come here again today, she said.3 The doctor said to the patient, You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.She said that shed go there again that day.The1 doctor told the patient that he would have to wait till 3 pm t
10、he next day.WHAT SHOULD WE PAY ATTENTION TO?1 personal pronouns and tense2 adverbials of time and place3 other casesDirected speechReported speechthisthatthesethosecomegoEX: PAGE 9Possible answers:(1) was (2) wouldnt (3) had read(4)that (5)would (6) had bought(7) that (8) would (9) those(10) Her (11
11、) was (12) was going to readHOW TO USE REPORTED SPEECH TO REPORT:statementsquestionsimperative sentencesSTATEMENTS:*We use noun clauses introduced by that to report statements.She said, Ads are an important part of our lives.She said that ads are an important part of our lives.There are two main typ
12、es of ads, the writer said to us.The writer told us that there are two main types of ads.*More reporting words:PSAs are often placed for free, the writer said.The writer explained that PSAs are often placed for free.advise agree explain insist promise remind suggest warnCan you give more examples? P
13、RACTICE: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO DIRECT SPEECH.1 Tom suggested that we should translate the book into English. 2 The student explained that he really didnt know he had to finish the work a week before.3 The teacher promised that he would give his students a few holidays at the end of tha
14、t month. Tom said, Youd better translate the book into English.The student said, I really dont know I must finish the work a week ago.The teacher said, I will give my students a few holidays at the end of this month.QUESTIONS:*We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no-questions.A
15、re all ads playing tricks on us?I asked her.I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on us.*We use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions.I asked her, How can that be true?I asked her how that could be true.“Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad?Bill asked.Bill ask
16、ed where I had found the ads for jobs abroad.PRACTICE: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH.1 My mother asked me, Do you want to go to the Great Wall with me?2 The teacher asked the boy, How many pages have you read today?3 I asked Li Ying, Where and when were you born? My mother aske
17、d me whether I wanted to go to the Great Wall with her. The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day.I asked Li Ying where and when he was born.IMPERATIVE SENTENCES:*To report imperative sentences, we use the structure: reporting verb+object+(not)+to-infinitive.Dont worry,Mickey, Je
18、n said. Jen asked Mickey not to worry.*other verbs can be used in this structureDont believe every ad you read, Lily said to me.Lily advised me not to believe every ad I read.reporting verbobject(not)to-infinitiveadvise encourage invite remind warnLets do some Ex for consolidation!You can do it well
19、!PRACTICE: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO DIRECT SPEECH. 1 The teacher reminded me not to forget to learn the dialogue by heart. 2 My brother ordered me to go there at once. 3 My father warned us not to throw the waste paper everywhere.The teacher said to me, Dont forget to learn the dialogue b
20、y heart.My brother said, Come here at once. My father said to us, Dont throw the waste paper everywhere.EX. PAGE 11A:2 asked in what way it was different from other English learning software.3 asked how it could help him remember English words.4 Asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking.5 as
21、ked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software.6 asked if it was user-friendly.EX. PAGE 11B:2 advises us to use interesting and attractive photos.3 advises us to use colour to attract peoples attention.4 advises us to use eye-catching headings to attract peoples attention.5 advises us to make the text short and easy to read.6 advises us to study some good advertisements on the Internet for ideas.HOMEWORK1 Finish Ex on Page 92.2 Make good preparation for Task part.Thanks!Bye-bye!
